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| 51 | This article provides and overview of Key morphological traits in Ket and other Yeniseian languages (Kott, Yugh). It first identifies and describes several key features inherited from Proto-Yeniseian (polysynthetic prefixing verb structure, possessive prefixes, phonemic tones). Next it discusses other features that arose or were influence areally by prolonged contact with the surrounding suffixal agglutinating languages (case suffix systems, encliticization of possessive prefixes, repositioning of the finite verb’s semantic head toward the verb word’s leftmost edge). Finally, five morphological features are considered that appear to be anomalous from a typological perspective as they cannot be shown to have been inherited from Proto-Yeniseian in their present functions yet also cannot have arisen through language contact. The features in question are: thematic consonants occupying verb agreement slots, seemingly redundant plural suffixes on verbs, sporadic plural agreement suffixes on adjectives, sporadic pluractional markers on infinitives, and irregular ablaut noun plural formation). Each of these traits is shown to have arisen due to metathesis between originally labial and non-labial segments. In some cases, the metathesis triggered secondary morphological reanalysis, as when original adjectival or infinitival derivational suffixes were reinterpreted as plural or pluractional markers due to homonymy with a common noun plural suffix, or when an original thematic consonant in verbs was reinterpreted as the homonymous inanimateclass agreement marker when it metathesized into that marker’s morpheme position. Keywords: morphological typology, areal traits, Proto-Yeniseian, inherited traits, metathesis, reanalysis | 1419 | |||||
| 52 | The verb ‘to give’ belongs to the group of the so-called ditransitive verbs. The verb's behaviour can firstly be investigated based on the argument structure, that is how the recipient and the theme, i.e. the object, are coded by the language. Secondly, this phenomenon can also be studied regarding the form of the verb. This work will focus on this point of view, but the form of the two arguments will also be discussed. There are two verbs with the meaning ’to give’ in the Samoyedic languages. Despite the distinction in meaning there is a strong tendency in the distribution of the two verbs determined by the person of the receiver, which is well reflected in the reconstruction of the verbs. A distribution similar to the one in Nganasan can be detected in the Enets, the Nenets and the Selkup languages. Keywords: Nganasan, Selkup, ditransitive construction | 1405 | |||||
| 53 | This article aims to provide an overview of the proprietive suffix -TAJ in Khalkha Mongolian, and to reveal some aspects of the suffix. Firstly, we survey its characteristics and related expressions, with reference to descriptions provided in the literature. Secondly, it is claimed that the proprietive suffix, which has been classified as a derivational suffix, also shares some characteristics with inflectional suffixes. Thirdly, we explore the relationship between the proprietive and comitative suffixes, one topic that has long been under discussion in Mongolian studies because discrimination between (or the identification of) the two suffixes is not easy due to their identical phonological shape. Fourthly, some semantic characteristics of the derivatives formed by attaching -TAJ are pointed out, focusing in particular on the semantics of the base. Finally, a possible analysis of sentences is presented where derivatives using -TAJ such as xereg-tej “it is necessary that” and jos-toj “ought to” appear in the final position. Keywords: derivation, inflection, possession, comitative, lexical integrity, auxiliary | 1390 | |||||
| 54 | The article is devoted history of creation and subsequent study of the archive of V. N. Chernetsovone of the first scientists in the country, who carried out the filming of the bear festival in 1948 at Ob Mansi (Veǯakora local group on the Gornaya river Ob) and the Northern group of the Khanty Kazym river. Based on the study of archive films preserved in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberia at Tomsk state University (TSU MATS), the conclusion about the uniqueness of this historic source of information and the need to be equal to the intangible cultural heritage of the peoples of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Keywords: film archive V. N. Chernetsov, bear festival, filmmaking, ethnographic expeditions | 1389 | |||||
| 55 | The paper reviews the history of the church of Trinity in the village (yurts) of Ivankino, which is one of the first orthodox churches in Narym trans-Ob area. The opening of the church in the native (Selkup) population area marks the intensification of the Christianization of the middle-Ob Selkups in the XVIII century. The account summarizes the archive data supplemented by the field materials of the author concerning the church. Keywords: church of Trinity, christianization, middle Ob selkups, Ivankino yurts | 1382 | |||||
| 56 | One of the priorities of cultural policy in the Republic of Belarus is preservation of national heritage, which includes, among other components, and the preserving national identity of the Belarusian people. One of the core values of national culture is music. Among the diversity of musical genres is a bright, national-marking phenomenon of national culture is folk-instrumental music. Belarusian folk-instrumental music currently exists as traditional folk culture and as academic culture. These two types of folk-instrumental culture are inseparable, complementing and enriching each other. Folk-instrumental musical culture of Belarus has a special national trait, including specific timbres, instrumental ensembles and musical compositions, incorporating bright national style, and thus is an important factor in the formation of national identity of Belarusians. Keywords: folk-instrumental musical culture, national identity, folk instruments, instrumental ensembles, composers of Belarus | 1382 | |||||
| 57 | The article deals with different aspects of language interaction in a group of neighboring languages in the Akhvakh district of Daghestan, in particular Karata, Tukita, Tad-Magitl’ and Tlibisho (this zone later referred to as Karata cluster). The villages of the Karata cluster are all located within a short walking distance of 30–120 min from each other, in all four villages different languages are spoken: Karata, Tukita, Akhvakh and Bagvalal respectively. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected during a fieldtrip in March 2018 as part of a longterm project focussing on neighbor multilingualism in highland Daghestan. The research employed the method of retrospective family interviews. Respondents were interviewed about their language repertoire and the repertoire of their close relatives that they remembered, which enabled the researchers to conclude which languages were used in the interaction between neighboring villages before the Russification and which languages are used today. We found out that interaction between neighboring villages employed and still employs Avar, that is, the lingua franca model is the common strategy in the Karata cluster. Today more than 90% of the population of the four villages concerned have command of Avar, which is different from many other areas of highland Daghestan. In other parts of Daghestan the most common model for neighbor interaction was the use of a language of one of the neighbors (asymmetrical bilingualism). Symmetrical bilingualism (when both sides have command of each other’s languages) and lingua franca were less common. Whereas the level of Avar language is high, the level of active multilingualism in the languages of Karata cluster remains low. Passive knowledge of the neighboring languages is more wide-spread. We also found out that passive knowledge is asymmetrical for several reasons, which are discussed in the article. A suggestion is put forward that the level of understanding of neighboring languages is not only dependent on the genetic affinity of the languages but also on the direction of socio-economic contact. Similar to other regions of Daghestan, the command of Russian has grown in Karata, however, unlike in many other places, Avar as a lingua franca has not yet been displaced by Russian. Keywords: Daghestan, multiligualism, lingua franca, Avar language, Russian language, bilingualism, Karata language, Akhwakh language, Bagvalal language | 1381 | |||||
| 58 | The paper examines means of expression of the inchoative in Russian Sign Language. It has been shown that the inchoative can be marked both morphologically and lexically. The choice of inchoative marker is determined by verb’s aspectual class and singleness/iteration of event. The beginning of single event can be expressed by the sign STAND (for statives) and by the sign BEGIN (for activities or accomplishments). The beginning of iterative event can be marked by the sign BEGIN or by the context (structure ‘before it was X, now it is Y’). The most regular markers of the inchoative are verbs BEGIN, BEGIN1, STAND. The verb BEGIN is labile phase verb, in other words it can convey meanings ‘to perform the first or earliest part of some action’, ‘to come into action’. The verb STAND develops the meaning ‘become’ under the influence of Russian spoken language; this sign is basically used as inchoative verb. The sign BEGIN1 conveys special type of inchoative meaning: the action is characterized by further development and improvement. Morphological means of expression of the inchoative are suppletive forms and modification of sign. Most of the modifications contain moving hand or fingers up which is the realization of typical conceptual metaphor ‘beginning is up’. Morphological marking inchoative is not very productive in Russian Sign Language: only few signs have suppletive and modified forms. It is pointed out that synthetic forms of the inchoative are used only for marking beginning of the single situation. Marking inchoative in Russian Sign Language is not obligatory since this meaning can be extracted from context. When context is not enough it can be specified by sign now and structure ‘before it was X, now it is Y’. Keywords: Russian sign language, inchoative, phase verbs | 1378 | |||||
| 59 | 1375 | ||||||
| 60 | The people living along the Vasyugan river believe that the bear is a part of both the fauna and the supernatural sphere, and at the same time only a few bodily features differentiate it from man. The relationship between bear and man can be interpreted as a delicately balanced situation manifested not only in fear in man, but also in the bear. Fear produces legitimate and illegitimate behavioral patterns for man. Illegitimate behavior includes submission to fear, panic regarded as weakness or cowardice. Any behavior that suppresses panic is legitimate: respect for the bear, evasion, necessary caution, keeping the bear away, killing it, and even the jokes about bear adventures, the neglect of fear. Panic subordinates man to the hierarchy between bear and man, while the socially accepted patterns of action sustain or even reverse it. Not only man is afraid of the bear, the bear is also afraid of man, and not only man but also the bear thinks in terms of hierarchy. The hierarchy is also tested or assessed by the bear in an encounter with man, and it is also in the bear’s interest to maintain this hierarchy. The violation or neglect of the balance by the bear is also unacceptable behavior, and therefore both roving bears and man-eater bears are condemned and it is man’s duty to kill them; their carcasses are also treated differently from the rest of the bears: their flesh is never consumed. The balance between bear and man is the sign and precondition for social order: the bear as man’s supersociety punishes man for his sins, and man is enabled to kill the bear by some of the latter’s faults. Keywords: Khanty, Siberia, Vasyugan, bear, cultural anthropology, behavior towards animals | 1373 | |||||
| 61 | The article deals with the research of a secular and sacral role of river in the linguistic world-view of the Selkup ethnos. The article studies the names of river in the Selkup language dialects and semantic types of hydronyms; analyses space orientation connected with river; describes a mythopoetic image of river in the language and folk tradition of the Selkups. The Selkup language dialects have a large number of water bodies’ names, which contain information on their form, size and location. The structure of hydronyms has the information on form, landscape and size of water bodies, availability of fish, birds and wild animals and connection with religious beliefs. The Selkup language contains adverbs characterizing space orientation regarding the course of a river: up and down (the stream), and adverbs characterizing the direction of movement in water to the coast and direction of movement on the coast to the water. River is the most important spatial reference for the Selkups and one of the focal points in the space. In the Selkup mythology river plays a role of an “axis” of the universe and world-view, which penetrates the upper, middle and lower worlds. Ethnographic and linguistic data prove that the Selkups perceived river as a living being. The role of river is manifest most representatively in the lexical unit qwej ‘river’, which is used to denote any river and completely coincides in form with the word ‘breath’. River is a source of life, spatial reference, universe model and a live being for the Selkup people. Keywords: Selkup language, universe model, linguistic world-view, river, hydronym, space orientation | 1368 | |||||
| 62 | The present article is devoted to the identification and analysis of standard phrases that reflect the time in the Khakass folklore texts, in particular in the texts of folk tales and heroic tales. Despite the fact that folk tales and heroic sagas belong to different genres of folklore, the authors were able to identify similar meaning, reflect a long time in folk texts. In the analysis of these sentences the focus of the authors was drawn to the frequency of use of standard phrases, pairs of adverbs in the folklore texts, also for the variable use of certain structures. The main result of this article is to define the means of expressing the category of time in the Khakass folklore texts. Keywords: category of time, Khakas folklore texts, standard phrases, adverbs | 1367 | |||||
| 63 | This paper examines morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics of the proprietive suffix -LEEX of Sakha (Yakut). The suffix -LEEX is highly productive and has a wide-ranged usage: the resultant form functions as adnominal phrases or predicates (i. e., predicative possession) as well as noun phrases or adverbials. Semantically, the suffix -LEEX denotes not only simple possession, but often implies special connotation. When the base nouns is human, the proprietive expresses kinship relation, accompaniment, or approximate plural. When the base is a concrete noun, the proprietive often denotes ‘possession at that very moment’ as well as simple possession. When the base is an abstract noun, the proprietive denotes either a person characterized by that noun or a permanent or temporary property of humans or things. The proprietive construction may overlap the comitative construction or the existential construction. Although the proprietive suffix -LEEX has been described as an adjective-deriving suffix in the literature, this suffix shows some idiosyncrasy that ordinal derivational suffixes do not have. For example, suffixation after a plural suffix or directly to a verbal noun is possible with the suffix -LEEX. In addition, the paper examines the morphosyntactic characteristics of the abessive that is semantically contrastive but is not always symmetrical to the proprietive. Keywords: Sakha, possession, proprietive, lexical integrity, abessive | 1364 | |||||
| 64 | The article is devoted to identification and structural-semantic, functional description of phraseological combinations coding negative characteristic of the person in the Khakass language. In particular, the lexical units formed by collocations of nouns as dependents and auxiliary verbs are analyzed. In the Khakass language, two types of such combinations are widely used: Noun + sal- “to put”, and Noun + tut- “to hold”. It is revealed that auxiliary verbs as part of phraseological combination are the element organizing subordinate relation with a noun. Semantic component determining final sense of a combination is the noun. These verbal-nominal collocations belong to the Khakass colloquial expressive lexicon. In spoken speech, the following type is often seen: Togyn! Köjtіgiŋ salba! – “Work! Don't be cunning (lit. don't lay down [the] cunning)!” Or: Aniŋ, minі köp salganda, іdіrgegi tut sihhan – “When he saw me, he became irritated”. The difference between them consists in character and degree of expressiveness. In the use of collocations with sal- “to put”, light degree of manifestation of sense is expressed, actions of the subject don't cause too negative reaction: Honchiim salchigin salcha – “[My] neighbor quarrels”. A noun + tut- “to hold” combinations express stronger sense of a state affecting in some way another subject: Katya, ibzer kilgende, sajin sal sihhan – “Katya, having come home, I went into a hysteria”. We consider these collocations phraseological combinations as they are independent, semantic steady and indecomposable units, and introduction of additional verbal components in their structure is impossible. Keywords: Khakas language, collocations, verb, subject, name, connotation, expression, evaluation | 1359 | |||||
| 65 | The aim of the work is to reveal the connection of the image of a bull with the idea of fertility in the culture of the Khakas. Proceeding from the goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze the folklore of this people and to introduce into scientific circulation new archival materials on the designated topic; to explore the semantic links of the image of this animal with the religious-mythological views about the life forces and fertility of domestic animals. The chronological scope of the work covers the late XIX – mid XX centuries. The choice of such time limits is caused, first of all, by the state of the source database on the research topic. The work is based on complex, system-historical approach to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, concrete historical analysis, structural-semantic and relict. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) in the Khakas culture the most important place is assigned to cattle. In the Khakas folklore, the image of Kok puga – the Blue Bull became widespread. In the mythopoetic tradition of the people, this horned animal embodied the center of vitality and fertility of livestock. Such a religious-magical attitude extended to the stone statue that personified it. At the same time, the cult practice of the Khakases, aimed at the development of cattle breeding, was not limited to honoring the sacred stone bull. In the world outlook and ritual of the Khakas, other traditional methods aimed at ensuring the well-being of people's economic activities, multiplying the livestock and protecting them, also spread. Among them, one should single out the sacred actions associated with the testicles of males, and various methods of retaining and ensuring the happiness of cattle, including tearing out pieces of wool from certain places of the animal, dedicating yzyh and blood sacrifices to various patron spirits and deities. In all the designated ritual practices, a large role was assigned to cattle and, in particular, bull/ox, a symbol of the masculine principle and strength, fertility, and the successful continuation of the life of the genus. Keywords: culture of Khakas, bull, Kok puga, cattle breeding, fertility, symbol, myth, rite | 1344 | |||||
| 66 | The article deals with the traditional etiquette in the family and kinship relations of the Altai population in the Altai Republic basing on the author’s field studies. The study of conduct rules within the family provides an opportunity to identify the specifics of the spiritual culture of the Altaians, social life in the context of moral and ethic ideas and the etiquette for traditional culture. The article examines the symbolic significance of behaviour etiquette towards parents and between relatives: the relationship of uncle and nephew, the relationship between the children of sisters, which are based on archaic, shamanic, burkhanism ideas about the cult of ancestors, the cult of nature, magic words, the opposition «alien» «akin». There were revealed changes of conduct rules of family and family-related etiquette in terms of socio-economic and cultural factors of modern society: the custom of avoidance, relations with “umbilical” mother. Keywords: traditional culture, traditional etiquette, family and kinship etiquette, sacredness, vari-ability, stability, norms of behaviour | 1343 | |||||
| 67 | Kulemzin V. M. . // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 125-128 . | 1336 | |||||
| 68 | The paper reviews the grammar of negation in two endangered indigenous Uralic languages of Western Siberia: Eastern Khanty and Southern Selkup. These languages have remote genetic affiliation falling respectively within the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic branches of the Uralic language family. At the same time, they are characterized by the situation of extended cultural and linguistic contact, co-inhabiting the area of middle Ob river flows, particularly in the Parabel and Kargasok districts of Tomsk region. Both languages2 are also characterized by comparable sociolinguistic status of extreme endangerment, numbering less than 10 speakers. The main focus of the discussion is the morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of negation. The key objective is to place the data and analysis of negation in the two systems into the general typological context, into local areal Siberian and into genetic Uralic perspective. From the typological standpoint Eastern Khanty and Southern Selkup syntactic negation strategies demonstrate consistent overall symmetry in accordance with the dominant SOV wordorder tendencies. There are, however, special cases of asymmetric strategies associated with non-standard negation, existential negation and negation with indefinite/negative proforms. Keywords: отрицание, селькупский, хантыйский, Сибирь, асимметрия | 1332 | |||||
| 69 | The work is the result of investigations of the author of the problems of nonclassical anthropology. The author proposes introduction to a new field of interdisciplinary investigations and projects – anthropoetics. It is a centaurnotion, consisting of two parts, subject elaborations. The first is elaborating nonclassical anthropology, the building of the new ontology of human being in the situation of shift of ontological identity. The second is the elaboration of the autopoesis method, describing practices of transformation of human being. Keywords: anthropoetics, autopoesis, cultural practices, anthropology, anthropotechnique, anthropopractice | 1331 | |||||
| 70 | Хантыйский язык представляет собой диалектный континуум. Не только носители диалектов, находящихся на противоположных и наиболее удаленных друг от друга точках континуума, но также носители диалектов одной диалектной группы не понимают друг друга. Представленная исследовательская работа направлена на документацию и описание находящегося на грани исчезновения васюганского диалекта хантыйского языка, на котором говорят ханты Томской области. В настоящее время насчитывается менее десяти носителей данного диалекта, свободно владеющих родным языком. Представлен анализ сложных предложений в васюганском диалекте, которые подверглись синтаксической реструктуризации под влиянием длительного и интенсивного языкового контакта с носителями русского языка. Изменения синтаксиса сложных предложений наблюдаются в порядке слов, финитном/инфинитном придаточных предложениях и в использовании средств подчинительной связи, что представляет собой случаи грамматической конвергенции. Название статьи предполагает, что грамматическая конвергенция является проявлением языковой аттриции в речи отдельных носителей васюганского диалекта. Keywords: восточные диалекты хантыйского языка, сложное предложение, стратегии образования определительных придаточных предложений, языковой контакт, грамматическая конвергенция, языковая аттриция | 1328 | |||||
| 71 | The article investigates the problem of museum exposition texts translation from Russian into English. It summarizes the practical experience of translating museum exposition texts of the Taganrog Historical and Regional Museum “Alferaki Palace”. It is noted that museum exposition is an interlingual and intercultural dialogue, a multicultural media text. The authors reach a conclusion that foreign visitors need the adapted information in traditional international format to understand the background of the exposition. They make an effort to save the cultural specific features of the museum. The article has a cross-disciplinary emphasis and may be of interest for specialists of museology, translation and interpretation studies, intercultural communication and philology fields. Keywords: museum exposition; museum exposition texts translation; dialogue of different cultures; museum label, interlingual and intercultural communication; multicultural media text; culture-specific concept, translation transformation | 1324 | |||||
| 72 | The article considers common features of ethnocultural history and specifics of modern consciousness of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Cossack population of Siberia based on historical, ethnographic, ethnosociological, culturological, linguistic, museological and ethnopsychological materials. Often they are interconnected so closely that accurately it isn't possible to separate each ethnic component. The author investigates ethnic, regional, confessional, language, ethnocultural identity of modern east Slavs of Siberia. The author analyzes ethnocultural preferences of modern east Slavs (favourite dishes, products, drinks, holidays, proverbs and sayings), the existing ethnic stereotypes and ideas of the main traits of character of Russians, the Ukrainian, Belarusians, Cossacks. Separately interethnic interferences and marriage contacts are considered. East Slavs in Siberia kept many ethnic traditions brought from various places of an exit. Along with it, their culture was enriched with the new components borrowed from other people on the way to Siberia, from the native and living in this territory together with them ethnic groups, and also appeared as a result of adaptation and transformation of own extremely diverse traditions. Gradually, for many years of cohabitation in Siberia separate small distinctions in culture were gradually erased, the all-Siberian fragments of culture, including the general mentality were developed. Keywords: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Cossacks, Siberia, ethnocultural history, identity | 1315 | |||||
| 73 | The Nganasan langauge is rich in adjectival suffixes. Some of the adjectival suffixes simply have been considered as derivational suffixes of “adjectiveness” without any further function, however several earlier studies on the Nganasan language have previously mentioned some correlations of certain semantic domains and the morphology of their terms. The paper provides deeper analysis of the linguistic data and depicts its typological parallels and uniqueness. The domains referring value and age seem to appear as a part of the domain of physical characteristics and because of the low number of its members they have not became subjects of consideration. The correlation between domains and suffixes are not exclusive, e.g.: suffix of colour also occurs in dimension and physical characteristics, e.g. kolsajkuə ‘long’ etc. Suffixes -əgə and ńəəgə clearly cover their own domain. Among the causes of the overlapings the different productivity of the suffixes, the different degrees of semantic transparency of the derivated forms and the unclear origin of the suffixes with their unclear etymology can also be mentioned. Although the correlations are strong and show strict tendencies, the suffixes can not been considered as classifiers because they dominate only their “own” domain, but not exclusively. Keywords: Nganasan, adjectives, derivation | 1313 | |||||
| 74 | The research studies features of the processes of settling and land use of the territory of the Uimon Valley by the Russian population with special regard to the usage of the lands for the agricultural purposes. The reflection on the historical experience of the ethnoecological adaptation is of much importance in the context of working out theoretical questions of the ethnocultural landscape, as well as defining strategies of rational usage of land resources in conditions of Siberia. The research is based on the field ethnographical materials of the author, collected in towns of Ust-Koksa District of the Altai Republic. The paper presents a dynamic picture of how the lands had been used in the end of XIX – the beginning of XXI centuries. The researcher determines particular location and management of different types of agricultural lands (plough-lands, hay-fields, pastures) in the Russian pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, and in modern time. Keywords: ethnocultural landscape, agricultural adaptation, agricultural lands, Uimon Old Believers, Gorny Altai | 1312 | |||||
| 75 | In traditional cultures, a woman performs a number of social roles, such as a keeper of the hearth, a caring mother and a wise grandmother. The culture of the Khanty people is no exception. In this article, an attempt is made to identify and describe the national and cultural features of the image of the woman in the Khanty language, literature and culture, reflecting different ideas about the woman existing in the minds of the carriers of the Khanty language. The main features of the Khanty woman are a strongwilled character, the paramount importance of the well-being of the family, the knowledge and respect of one's culture, the mastery of any ethnic skill that can later be passed on to the children. There have been identified and analyzed numerous lexical nominations and the corresponding image associations that conceptualize image under study in the consciousness of Khanty language speakers. Keywords: image, woman, metaphorization, oral folk art, national features | 1310 | |||||
| 76 | Not only in modern research on indigenous languages, but also in the national languages with centuries-old traditions until recently there are contradictory opinions on formation of the numeral class into a content word. A wide diversity and variety of forms is noticed, deviations from the inflections are noticed. Besides, in understudied languages a variety of forms for the same numerals beyond the limit of the first ten is observed. The article is devoted to the functions, which cardinal numerals from 1 through 7 take in folklore and household texts and how the numerals are objectified in linguistic worldimage of the Kets. Material of the Ket folklore and household texts corpus, consisting of 30 texts (about 1100 sentences) served as a basis for this research. The numerals’ etymology is not covered by the report (see Werner, 2006 as per etymology). The numerals from 1 through 7 can be noticed in the Ket texts very often: qoˀk (AN) / qūsʲ (INAN) ‘one’ – 15 cases of use; ɨ̄n ‘two’ – 15 cases of use; doˀŋ ‘tree’ – 9 cases of use; sīk ‘four’ – 9 cases of use; qāk ‘five’ – 5 cases of use; ā ‘six’ – 3 cases of use; oˀn ‘seven’ – 2 cases of use. Besides reflecting the exact quantitative characteristic, the numerals perform some other functions: the numeral qoˀk (AN) / qūsʲ (INAN) ‘one’ is used as an indefinite article; ɨ̄n ‘two’ and doˀŋ ‘three’ can be noticed in word combinations with the word deˀŋ ‘people’ and acquire a cumulative meaning ‘twain’, ‘threesome’; sīk ‘four’ and qāk ‘five’ can be observed in a complex substantivized combination. All the numerals can be a part of an attribute. There is a cumulative context consisting of 6 elements in one text. The even numerals have a connection with evil spirits: ɨnˈitaŋ – ‘two-teeth’ (Kajgus’); sektaɣantuːsʲa ‘four-fingered’ (Kolbasam); ˀasʲɨk qoj ‘six year old bear’ (in the fairy tale it struggles with the main character’s grandmother). The odd numerals are closely connected with the world-view of the Kets, their cosmogonical ideas and their customs. The world, according to visualization of the Kets consists of three parts – the upper world, consisting of seven layers; the middle world, washed by seven seas; the lower world, which consists of seven subsoil caves. According to the Ket’s beliefs a man has seven souls, one of them is the main. The odd numerals can often be noticed in rituals, e.g. marriage: during the third meeting, the fiancée’s relatives agree to the marriage, after the marriage, the bride should live at her parent’s tent for three days. The fact that the cardinal numerals from 1 through 7 can be found in the texts often, is defined by the needs of the language speakers, their cultural and cosmogonic concepts of the world. Keywords: the Ket language, cardinal numerals 1 through 7, functioning of the numerals in folklore texts, sacral meaning of numbers | 1309 | |||||
| 77 | This article discusses the traditions and innovations in the wedding of the Ukrainian population in the rural villages of the Altai Territory during the XX century. One of the most stable components of spiritual culture, an example of which in a certain historical time period can be traced to the degree of preservation of traditions and the emergence of innovation, a wedding ritual. During the 1910–1960s the wedding of Ukrainians of the Altai Territory was exposed to various influences, resulting in a transformation of the traditional wedding ceremony, namely the introduction of elements of novation. Keywords: Ukrainian rural population, Altay, wedding rituals, traditions, innovations | 1309 | |||||
| 78 | The given article addresses the problem of negation of interrogative and negative pronouns and adverbs in Vakh and Vasyugan dialects of Khanty. The thesis that in these dialects of the Khanty language there are no independent negative pronouns and adverbs, and there are only functional equivalents in the form of negative structures is put forward. The article also gives a brief description of similar phenomena in other eastern dialects of the Khanty language. At the end of the discussion, the functional equivalents of negative pronouns and adverbs1 are considered from the point of symmetry/asymmetry, as well as from the perspective of typology of denial. Keywords: pronouns, adverbs, negation, grammaticalization, Siberian endangered languages, typology | 1305 | |||||
| 79 | The paper discusses several verb suffixes used in the Northern Samoyedic languages. Some properties of the forms being discussed give rise to assume that their semantics is related to the aspectual meaning of the prospective that represents the grammaticalization of the relationship of a present state of affairs to some subsequent situation. Among these forms are both non-finites (participle suffixes), and the suffixes used in finite verb word-form. It has been shown that the typical features of the prospective meaning are most saliently manifested by the participles. The suffixes used in finite verb word-form are apparently the result of further grammaticalization of the prospective meaning. In different Northern Samoyedic languages they function either as evidentials or as the future tense markers. Keywords: prospective, Samoyedic languages, Nenets language, Enets language, Nganasan language, participle, evidentiality, future tense, grammaticalization | 1303 | |||||
| 80 | On the basis of author's field materials and church rules of the Kormchy book, the paper deals with the subject of matrimonial relations at conservative-bespopovtsy (pomorets) living in the Ust-Tsilemsky district of the Komi Republic. The paper describes the analysis of local terminology describing male and female genitals, the variability of designations of coition which was defined by peasant understanding about process from a position of estimated judgment as an "just" and "injust" business; the traditional poetry of fostering of children contacting identification of a floor and "opening" of genitals of babies. Special attention is paid to the birth of illegitimate children which was explained by ignoring by conservatives of church wedding, compared to defilement of life, being considered as immeasurably great sin, than carnal intercourse in "anti-christian time". Keywords: Russians, Old Believers, matrimonial relations, fostering of children, illegitimate children, rites | 1297 | |||||
| 81 | The article deals with nominational and ethnographical features of Russian plant names derived from such bird names as kuritsa ‘hen’ and petukh ‘cock’. There are 20 such names in Russian, which denote 86 plants from 67 botanical families. A huge amount of plants and a small number of names used for them can be both explained by the fact of botanical homonymy. Therefore one name (along with its variations) is used for denoting a number of plants. The biggest groups of homonyms are built by plant names as kurinaya slepota ‘night blindness’ (literally ‘hen blindness’) and petushok ‘little cock’. The other phenomenon is the one of botanical synonymy. Thus a number of dialectal plant names can denote only one plant. However there are not so many botanical synonyms among the studied plant names. The study of plant names etymology and the analyzing of ethnographical data concerning birds as hen and cock in Russian traditional culture allow categorizing the plant names according to their nominational features. There were determined the following nominational features: plant habitus, medical and household use of plant (like for hen feed), playing or ritual use of plant, plant injuriousness for people or birds. Also some plant names were given in connecting with features that hen or cock has in Russian traditional culture, for example plants with phallic racemes or long narrow leaves are called cock plants because the cock symbolizes manliness. It should be also noted, that the nominational features or origin of some plant names can’t be found out. The most common reason is that some mistakes occurred by rewriting or while compelling the botanical dictionaries. Despite that fact the ethnographical approach proves itself as a very efficient one and can provide some useful information, which usually isn’t present in linguistic sources. Keywords: plant name, bird name, nominational features, botanical synonymy, botanical homonymy, botanical terminology | 1292 | |||||
| 82 | This paper focuses on linguistic categorization which involves the study of roles of various linguistic items in the process of categorization of the world. Metaphor plays a significant role in categorization of the world as it manifests the process of thinking. G.Lakoff and M.Johnson made a major contribution to the development of the theory of categorization and designed the theory which offers a consistent description of metaphor as a cognitive mechanism and demonstrates a potential in applied studies. Each metaphor has a source domain, which is concrete and athropocentric, and a target domain. In this paper the functioning of metaphors is discussed based on the data of Selkup, one of the indigenous languages of Siberia, in which man and body parts are the most common source domain. The theory of schemas developed by G. Lakoff is one of the foundatations of cognitive linguistics. G. Lakoff focuses on the following conceptual schemas: container, partwhole, source-path-goal. In the present paper the functioning of these schemas is discussed based on Selkup data. The Selkup data show that anthropocentrism is characteristic of the language and human body is the main source domain for metaphorical expressions. This project has two prospects for further research. On the one hand, it is the study of anthropomorphic metaphors – linguistic expressions which are drawn from the source domain of human body and emotions. On the other hand, the Selkup language contains a great number of naturomorphic metaphors the source domain for which constitute animals and plants. Keywords: cognitive linguistics, conceptual schema, metaphor, Selkup language | 1289 | |||||
| 83 | This article deals with the semantic and functional features of phraseological units that occur in the texts of the Karachay-Balkar Nart epic. The phraseological units of Karachay-Balkar epic discourse have a high degree of anthropocentricity. They contain information about the national-specific features of the perception of reality, and accurately convey and show the specificity of the national character. Most «epic» phraseological units are oriented to the representation of various relevant concepts such as time, thinking, speech, etc. Some phraseological units in the epic texts represent the physiological state of a person, the age features of a person, the state of the environment, and the phraseological units of the relational plan expressing the idea of a relationship are also of interest. The words included in them, mainly somatisms and verbal lexemes, contribute to the reflection of a certain segment of the phraseological model of the world, which is part of the linguistic picture of the world. Keywords: nart epic, somatisms, phraseology, anthropocentrism, localizer | 1287 | |||||
| 84 | In Northeastern Eurasia, there are languages that do not have a possession verb ‘have’, and instead use affixation to express the possessive relation. This overview article provides an introduction to the following papers on the proprietive affixes of five languages of Northern Eurasia. The proprietives of the five languages under discussion share some semantic characteristics. They often denote not only simple possession or ownership, but also possession with a special connotation such as specialty or plenty of the possessee or ‘possession at that very moment.’ The proprietives of the five languages have morphosyntactic idiosyncrasy that ordinal derivational suffixes do not. Though the proprietives are basically derivational affixes, the base nouns may still have their autonomy. The five languages have also the abessive forms. Although the abessives are semantically contrastive to the proprietives, morphosyntactically they are not always symmetrical to the proprietives. Keywords: Possession, proprietive, cohesive possession, abessive | 1281 | |||||
| 85 | A possessive noun phrase in Nganasan is composed of a possessor and a possessed. In adnominal possession constructions, the possessor always precedes the possessed. The relationship between the modifier (the possessor) and the head (the possessed noun) is encoded by possessive suffixes on the head and/or a Genitive case suffix appearing on the possessor. The structure is head final, i. e. the possessor precedes the possessed. The possessor is a noun or a pronoun. It is characteristic for possession expressed through a predicative construction that the sentence obligatorily includes a verbal predicate. This group can be further divided into sub-groups. In Nganasan appear the so-called transitive constructions (have-possessive), and a construction that is essentially based on an existential construction. Keywords: Nganasan, possessive | 1281 | |||||
| 86 | The system of cultural codes of human communities and the mechanisms of self-determination of the individual human beings in them has long been problematic. This is a everyday life problem for a person. This is also a problem for the researcher, whose interests lie in the existential properties of human nature. The essence of this problem can be summarized as a permanent interaction of three antagonistic processes. The first – the formation of cultural skills from early childhood, which are fixed at the level of reflections. The second – the formation of cultural skills for the communication in other cultural environments. And the third – the aspiration to preserve own unique “Ego” with respect to any culture. The paper investigates the possibility of capturing in archaeological material of not only the information about the large societies (archaeological cultures or cultural-historical communities), but also the information about individuals, albeit nameless ones. The hard canons of traditions suppress individuality, but can in an unexpected way highlight it. It may occur in an attempt of self-identification of a man, who found himself in another cultural environment, through proprietary codes. For example, an unusual object in the grave is a sign of personal history. Or if the subject is from another culture, the burial complex with quite ordinary objects may represent the sign of intravital psychological and cultural duality of the buried. The buried who as such has not been released from the memories of the culture lost. Hypothetical constructs in the paper are based on the facts of inclusions from other cultures in the funeral complex of Alakul repository Mitan in Central Kazakhstan. Keywords: cultural code, archaeology, funeral complex, ceramic, existence, self-identification | 1280 | |||||
| 87 | The paper deals with the form behavior (i.e. morphological characteristics) of the word forms of quality, object and material, local and temporal, and process semantics that carry out the function of the actant’s attributes in closely related Udmurt and Komi languages. The analysis is based on the “word form grammar” approach suggested by A. P. Volodin. Qualitative semantics is primary for the specified functional grouping. In the Permic languages the word forms of this semantics are characterized on the formal level by the absence of agreement in number and in case with nouns they qualify. At the same time the paper analyzes some cases of agreement of attribute word forms in the Udmurt language. The following morphological feature of attributes is the category of the degrees of comparison which in the Permic languages is expressed by means of special suffixes. As for the so-called class markers of the actant’s attributes, it should be noted that in Permic there are no regular markers which would allow to distinguish the specified word forms from word forms of other classes on the morphological level. Udmurt attributive word forms of qualitative semantics often easily carry out both the function of the actant’s attributes and the function of the predicate’s attributes without changing their form. In the Komi languages the tendency to distinguish the actant’s attributes and the predicate’s attributes with the regular marking of the last is observed. Further the analysis of attributive word forms of “secondary” semantics (object and material, local and temporal and process) is carried out and it is observed that: (1) the Permic attributive word forms of object and material semantics do not accept any specific markers and act in the main form frequently forming composites; (2) the Udmurt attributive word forms of local and temporal semantics also act in the main form whereas in the Komi languages the specified word forms tend to be marked by specific markers; (3) the Permic participle forms as the actant’s attributes are distinctly marked by a regular marker. Finally, it is concluded that despite close relation of the Komi and Udmurt languages, the specified languages demonstrate distinctions in form behavior of attributive word forms. Keywords: Udmurt, Komi, attributes, morphological markers, Permic languages | 1279 | |||||
| 88 | The article studies phonetic peculiarities of Tuvan pharyngealized vowels in the speech of Tuvan reindeer herders living in Tsagaan-Nuur, Mongolia. The study analyzes acoustical processes in word stems, in the grammatical forms of words of Tuvan reindeer herders and compares them with their equivalents (with pharyngealized vowels) in the Tuvan literary language. Also the Tofalar language and other Tuvan dialects were used to compare them. There were reviewed linguistic units with sound combinations “nonpharyngealized vowel with a strong aspirate”, “nonpharyngealized vowel with medial intervocalic-pharyngeal [h]”, “nonpharyngealized vowel with postvocal aspirated consonant with overtones [h] in excursus”. Keywords: tuvan language, speech of Tuvan reindeer-breeders, pharyngealized vowels, nonfaringalizied vowels, strong aspirated consonants, postvocalic consonants, medial-intervocalic consonants, intervocalic consonants, aspirated consonants | 1279 | |||||
| 89 | We consider the 72 Tuvan expressive words of Mongolian origin. According to the word formation pattern the words are divided into two groups: 1) the сomposites formed by the model N + -chok (өөдежок ‘stupid’, саваажок ‘crazy’, etc.); 2) direct loanwords adapted phonetically (mong. мэлхий ‘stupid’ → тув. мелегей ‘stupid’, mong. жолиг / золиг ‘ransom, hell, an evil spirit (swearword)’ → tuv. чолук ‘scoundrel’). We find the unique feature of the Turkic languages which is the homonymy of adjective (Adj) and adverbs (AdvInt), adjective (Adj) and expressive nouns (NQuol). The loanwords can have different functions depending on the context of a sentence. Keywords: тувинский язык, заимствование, монгольский язык, композит, семантика, экспрессия, экспрессивные слова | 1277 | |||||
| 90 | This article describes one of the most important stages in the development of the reindeer breeding in Chukotka. The chronological scope of the study dates back to the late XIX – the first half of the XX centuries. This period is of special research interest due to the fact that at the turn of XIX–XX centuries and up to the first third of the XX century the Chukchi reindeer breeding developed on a traditional basis. Then under the influence of the political and economic changes breaking of the traditional management in the environment of the indigenous peoples of the North-East occurred. The paper presents statistical data on the number of deer herds in different years, the descriptions of reindeer herders’ roaming places, information about their adoption to the settled way of living. With the economic structure changes social relations in the herders' environment began to change. At the same time the new principles of zoning and organization of deer farms were not linked to the traditional environmental management system and family relationships. A serious interference in the centuries-old culture had led to the significant changes in the Chukchi reindeer herders’ lifestyle, changes in the system of values, significant socio-cultural changes that led to the results of regressing. The authors consider one of the dramatic episodes in the history of the country – the period of collectivization, its specific and consequences for the reindeer population of Chukotka. We use a wide range of sources and literature – archival materials, oral evidences (memory of the indigenous people of Chukotka), field notes, records and proceedings of party workers, land managers, historians, anthropologists and other scientists. Keywords: The indigenous peoples of Chukotka, Chukchi, A traditional reindeer herding, Nomadic routes, Nomadic culture, Collectivization, The creation of the collective farm system | 1276 | |||||
| 91 | The author of the article considered problems of formation and development of Russian Orthodox Church in the territory of the province Xinjiang. One of the reasons hindering the penetration of active orthodox life in the region was the lack of missionary work in Xinjiang, as in neighboring areas of Russia orthodox population was in the minority. Also development of orthodoxy in the region directly depended on the presence in the province of the Russian population. In this regard it is obviously important to track the main waves of resettlement of Russians to the province. The first news of Russians in Xinjiang belong to 1850. The most mass resettlement of Russians on the territory of the province to come to the period of Civil war in Russia. A significant influx of Russian population also applies to the period of collectivization in Russia, and as a result of the exodus of peasants from the country. The orthodox church became the main spiritual center for the Russian people who lost the homeland. Such cities of Xinjiang as, Kuldzha, Urumqi, Chuguchak became the main centers of orthodoxy. The organization of continuous church services in the cities of the province, depended on the presence of the priest in it. “Cultural revolution” in China had a great influence on development of orthodox life. It was during this period in China, and Xinjiang in particular, pursued any kind of religious activity. Keywords: Xinjiang, russian diaspora, orthodox church | 1273 | |||||
| 92 | The paper reviews possession in the eastern-most Khanty dialects with less than half a dozen speakers remaining. The analysis stems from extended fieldwork data and legacy data archived at Tomsk Department of Indigenous Languages of Siberia. The main purpose is to discuss the key morphosyntactic and semantic features of possession based on available data and approached within a conventional theoretical and methodological framework. This will allow integration of the data and analysis into the debates regarding possession from the areal Siberian, genetic Uralic and wider typological perspective. Keywords: possession, Khanty, typology, Siberia | 1265 | |||||
| 93 | The article characterizes the current state of the Teleut language, which belongs to the minority Turkic languages of Siberia. An analysis of the position of the Teleut language in existing classifications of Turkic languages is given. Fieldtrip linguistic data on Teleut collected by the authors in 2013–2014 allow to make certain conclusions about the extent of language preservation within different age groups as well as the main language use spheres. There is a significant influence of the Russian language expressing in a large number of loanwords displacing native Turkic words. Also the syntactic rules of Teleut are often being neglected as a result of Russian language impact. “The Teleut language” at the moment is a conditional term for the language of the indigenous Turkic population of Belovo district in Kemerovo region, South Siberia, Russia. In common Turkic languages classifications it is often referred to as a southern dialect of the Altai language. However, there are prerequisites to consider it as a separate language. Despite the genetic links Teleut language has with other Southern Altai dialects, forming together a national literary Altai language, Teleut has a clearly defined geographical location, which does not border on the Altai language area. It is also spoken by a separate and united ethnolinguistic community and has a separate writing and orthography, different from Altai literary language, which is of course still disputable since there are no stable literary rules for modern written Teleut. This allows us to consider the existence of a linguistic cluster comprising Altai and Teleut languages. However this thesis requires more empirical Teleut fieldtrip material with the subsequent analysis of all levels of the language system. Currently Teleut is strongly influenced by Russian, mainly its lexicon and also simple, complex and compound sentence syntax. It’s typical for Russian loanwords in Teleut to undergo morphological and phonological adaptations in accordance with the rules of Teleut language. Syntactically Teleut sentences tend to follow the SVO pattern instead of placing the finite predicate in the absolute end of clause. Complex and compound sentences have become excessively rich in Russian loan conjunctions which are broadly used in favor of traditional Teleut postpositions normally linking the clauses in Turkic languages. These changes underscore the urgent need for documentation and further analysis of the Teleut language. Keywords: Teleut language, Turkic languages of Siberia, idioms, language cluster, language bilateral influence, borrowing, the “language or dialect” problem | 1258 | |||||
| 94 | Yukaghirs are a very small Northern people, their number is only 1603 people (according to the all-Russian census of 2010). The article describes the process of studying the musical folklore of two preserved local groups of Yukaghirs: Oduls (Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs) and Vaduls (Lower Kolyma Yukaghirs). The first account of the musical culture of the Yukaghirs appear in the works of travelers and missionaries, participants of expeditions of the 18–19 centuries, who studied the Kolyma region (F. F. Matyushkin, S. I. Mickiewicz, M. S. Vrutsevich, A. E. Dyachkov, V. G. Bogoraz). The works by V.I. Iohelson contain extensive ethnographic, linguistic and folklore materials on Oduls, which have a significant importance for researching the Yukaghirs musical culture. V.I. Iochelson described pictographic inscriptions on birch bark which are called changar shorile and related to the song tradition. In the 20th century, the works of E. A. Kreinovich were significant for the study of Yukaghir culture. A. N. Laptev published a number of folklore texts collected in 1959 by the expedition of USSR’s Academy of Science. Choreographer M. Ya. Zhornitskaya describing circular and imitative dances based on the field materials collected in 1959 and 1964. Yukaghir music became an object of research from 1960s, when composers and musicologists G. A. Grigoryan, E. Ye. Alekseev, G. N. Komrakov began to record examples of musical folklore and study them. In 1973, I. A. Brodsky recorded melodies of musical and dance folklore, gathered several musical instruments and instrumental tunes, made a primary theoretical analysis of intonation practice. T. S. Shentalinskaya in 1982 collected samples of song and lyrical improvisations (andylschina), characteristic for Russian old inhabitants and Yukaghirs of the Lower Kolyma. Since 1980s, T. I. Ignatieva and Yu. I. Sheykin have been working on the collection and publication of musical folklore of Yukaghirs. In the 1980s and 1990s, recordings of Yukaghir folklore were made by K. Tanimoto and T. Miller. Linguist S. Ode using their own field materials 1990–2000s studied recitative melodies in the tales of Yukaghir. The unique musical culture of the Yukaghirs belongs to the disappearing musical and folklore traditions and needs to be studied urgently. Keywords: Indigenous Northern peoples, Yukaghirs, Oduls, Vaduls, music, musical folklore | 1258 | |||||
| 95 | Today narrative is used in many areas of human activity, and the museum is no exception, especially as the narrative by nature is very close to the museum space. The article is devoted to the problems of the integration of narratives into the museum space. On the example of contemporary museum expositions and exhibitions, techniques and trends in the use of narratives in the museum are analyzed. Author tries to prove the effectiveness of their application to solve the most pressing problems associated with the interpretation of historical and cultural heritage. The main attention is drawn to the narrative architecture of museum buildings, narrative in the basis of expositions, the use of literary narratives, the use of multiple narratives. In addition, the author analyzes the key problems of the contemporary museum, which can be solved by using narratives. Keywords: narrative, museum, museum design, museum anthropology, exposition, difficult heritage, interpretation of heritage | 1255 | |||||
| 96 | The article deals with phonetic interference in the consonantal system of Chukchi’s Russian speech. The significant feature is instability and heterogeneity of oppositions between so called “hard”/“soft” and voiced/voiceless consonants. The very structure of opposition between obstruents and sonorants differs in Russian and Chukchi. Some deviations from the Russian phonetic norms that take place in Chukchi’s Russian speech are connected to place and manner of articulation. Thus, the Chukchi articulate a number of Russian consonants deeper in the oral cavity. We hope to further deepen our knowledge on how Chukchi phonetic system is projected on Russian, and thus expand our views on both structures. Keywords: The Chukchi language, the Russian language, language contact, phonetic interference, consonants | 1254 | |||||
| 97 | This paper is devoted to the history of the Ivankins’ yurts, who were the center of the Selkup concentration and the keepers of the native Sheshkup dialect in XIX–XX centuries. The history of collecting archaeological, linguistic and ethnographic data on the population of the area in different historical periods are examined in the paper.Total information resulting from analysis of the complex collected materials allow to draw conclusions about the degree of knowledge of this issue. Keywords: Selkup people, Sheshkup dialect, the Ivankins’ yurts, Pikovsky parish, history of the study | 1253 | |||||
| 98 | The language of the Chulym Turks is local only to some territories of the Tomsk region and the Krasnoyarsk territory. Recent surveys indicate the number of fluent speakers to be under fifteen. Chulym Turkic still bears the status of a colloquial tongue. Several attempts have been made to create a writing system of the language (though the language itself presently consists of two sub-dialects, each with unique phonemic fluctuation). This paper addresses problems occurring at creating methodic materials in Chulym Turkic and, above all, connected with the phonemic variations in the Chulym Turkic language that lead to difficulties in compiling a dictionary of the consultants’ mother tongue (Chulym Turkic). Such variations occur, on the one hand, due to the widespread tendency of phoneme reduction in an unstressed position and at the word end; on the other hand, they occur under the laws of the phoneme alternation range in the conditions of a language system not ultimately formed. Keywords: the Chulym Turkic language, phonemic invariant, writing system | 1250 | |||||
| 99 | The article concerns the description of relevant characteristics in conceptualization of the atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow) in the Russian language and in the Selkup language. There are series of the lexemes representing atmospheric precipitation in Russian and in the Selkup dialects. These various lexemes represent different rain characteristics, the dynamic of the precipitation (the beginning/ the end, intensification or abatement). In the Selkup language, semi-suffixes are used to represent the precipitation components, while in the Russian language suffixes are used. Such suffixes are normally the means to code singular, on the other hand, they are used to denote the form and size of the object. The different precipitation stages are objectified in the Russian and in the Selkup languages with the help of the verbs of motion. The usage of the verbs of motion with inanimate objects is not common for Taz dialect of Selkup, while in the central and southern Selkup dialects the verbs of motion are combined freely with the lexical units denoting precipitation, which is also true for Russian. The precipitation intensity, the size of the drops, the dynamics, the duration and the amount of precipitation are the most relevant characteristics of the rain, snow and hail in linguistic conceptualization of Selkup and Russian speakers. The falling snow is opposed to the fallen snow in the Selkup language. The contemplative attitude to precipitation, seen as possibly influencing the emotional state, is more common for the Russian cultural frame. Keywords: atmospheric precipitation, worldview, conceptual characteristic, Selkup, Russian | 1249 | |||||
| 100 | The article represents ethnographic fieldnotes. Heathen rites performed by members of the Mari expatriate community of Saint-Petersburg and the Leningrad region during a Mari feast are described in it. The latter is devoted first of all to the presiding deity of the Mari pantheon Kugu Yumo. Autumn prayings of the Mari people are confined to the end of the main agricultural work and are principally aimed at sharing the harvest and the animal yield with the presiding deity for ensuring good luck in the following year. The rites presented in the article correspond generally to the descriptions of the Mari heathen rites made earlier in the areas of compact settlement of the Mari people. The description and some elements of the interpretation of the entourage are provided in the article. For instance, the author of the article describes the so-termed “gate” («ворота») through which people are intended to come to the sacred hill, as well as the sacred fire, the altar, the general dress of the priest (called kart (карт) in the Mari language) and of his assistants. The ornaments on the towels hanging over the altar are described and interpreted. Besides, some rules working at such an event (concerning, for example, taking photographs or participating in the proper prayings) are mentioned in the article. There is a quite detailed description of the rite of sacrification, of preparing the ritual meal, of the personal and common prayings. Some illustrations consisting of photographs from the event are also provided by the author. Keywords: Finno-Ugric studies, Mari culture, religion, paganism, prayings | 1247 | |||||