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| 201 | A national study of the stratigraphy of the Tomsk scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia on the basis of personal files of students, teachers and staff from the archives of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University study allowed to identify the names and biographical data of 11 Ukrainians working in the Tomsk State Pedagogical University in 1930–1950. A comparative analysis of the biographical material allowed identifying common signs of a reconstructed model of the effective work of a scientist: educational activity and scientific productivity. Herewith, the particular symptoms varied depending on socio-economic and political conditions in society and played the role of additional development factors. These findings have proved to be reliable for the reconstruction of the typological model of Soviet scientist and teacher, regardless of his nationality. The idea of internationalism, inherent in the Soviet people as a unified media identity, graded national differences and ideological Soviet society with priority of the dictatorship of the proletariat, including in the areas of education, forced to adapt to the General requirements, in order to preserve the lives and safety of his own family, rising above the national status class. Keywords: nationality, university intellectuals, model of effective work of scientist-educator, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute | 1059 | |||||
| 202 | In the work the nomination of birch bark dishes, which enjoyed Selkups themselves as representatives of different dialect and local groups of this ethnos, is correlated with views of birch bark items characterising their everyday life. The samples of birch bark utensils of southern Selkups from Russian and Helsinki (Finland) museums were used for the analysis, the museum documentation accompanying them was also analysed. The correlation of all available real copies in groups of classification with identifying nominative nearby was conducted on the basis of the previously developed classification of birch bark utensils. They allowed to determine the general designations of groups of objects of traditional Selkup origin, to identify the particular dialect names, to determine borrowing of birch bark utensils by Selkups, on the basis of linguistic data. Keywords: birch bark utensils, Selkups, Selkup language, dialects of Selkup, Selkup collection in Russian museums, classification, nomination items | 1057 | |||||
| 203 | In the culture of the peoples of Eurasia, there is a game of alchiki, also known as a game of dice, dice, etc. The purpose of the article is to study the geography of the distribution of dice games and its comparative analysis. The research materials were historical and ethnographic works, folklore collections, materials of painting and sculpture were used. Two methods of work were used — comparative-comparative and historical-geographical. To carry out a comparative analysis, the concept of a game plot is introduced — an element that forms the structure of a game and a sequence of rules for conducting. Game plot is a universal concept, and we make it a unit for comparing elements of culture. The historical-geographical approach identifies geographical boundaries. The game equipment consisted of the joint bones of small animals. The agreed number of dice was put on the game, the players knocked them out with the main dice — the bat. The bones that fell on the «right» side were taken by the winner. The earliest archaeological evidence goes back to the third millennium BC (Ur dynasty). The dice game was known throughout Eurasia from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, from the Kola Peninsula to Asia Minor. One episode recorded in North America. The game was extremely popular among the pastoralists of Eurasia, as well as in the Caucasus; in Central Asia, children and adult men took part in it. The exclusively masculine character of the game and the punishment for losing allow us to assert the origin of the game from the ritual. It has been hypothesized that such a game plot could have appeared from a rite that appeared during the period of animal domestication. Recordings of the game among peoples living at a distance from the Eurasian belt of the steppes and not directly related to sheep breeding — allow us to trace possible contacts in antiquity, to the development of modern territories of settlement. Keywords: game, game plot, dice game, mapping, semantics, ethnocultural relations | 1057 | |||||
| 204 | The semantics of Selkup constructions with possessive formants, which are possessive suffixes and the suffix of the Genitive Case, combines possessive and non-possessive relationships. The semantic types of possessiveness, denoted by L. Stassen, namely, alienable, inalienable, abstract and temporary physical possession, are characteristic of most predicative and nominal constructions, although this study revealed limitations of their semantic realization: (i) predicative transitive constructions with the verb to hold are used only to express alienable or temporary physical possession; (ii) the semantics of temporary physical possession occurs only in predicative constructions; (iii) inalienable possession is associated with the names of relatives, parts and functions of the body, and personal items; (iv) possessive suffixes are also used in non- possessive function to convey anaphora and deixis in a specific context; they are also used to express unique phenomena. Keywords: the selkup language, semantics of constructions with possessive formants | 1056 | |||||
| 205 | The article deals with the expression of predicative possession in Dolgan, a Turkic language of Northern Siberia. Predicative possession is understood as the expression of possession within a verbal phrase, the analysis follows the typology of Heine (1997) (section 1). Dolgan exhibits various types of predicative possession constructions: a companion scheme, a location/goal scheme and a genitive scheme, whereby the companion scheme occurs by far most often (section 3). As Turkic languages are usually assumed to exhibit a genitive scheme (cf. Johanson, 1998), some contact linguistic considerations are made in order to relate the Dolgan constructions to areal circumstances (section 4). Keywords: possession, predicative possession, language contact, Dolgan, Turkic languages, Siberian languages | 1056 | |||||
| 206 | This article is devoted to transition the foothills of Northern Altai indigenous people (Kumandins, Tubalars, Chelkans) from traditional to new “Russian” anthroponymical model during XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries. This research is based on archival materials. The appearance of the surnames of the indigenous people is associated with the administrative and fiscal tasks of the state. Initially, the family structure corresponded to the social structure to a large extent. Later, the transformation of the anthroponomical model was caused by interethnic contacts, the activities of the Altai spiritual mission and migration indigenous people. This process began at the beginning of the XIX century and different groups of indigenous people passed to new anthroponymical model with different degree of intensity. Kumandy were in longer ethnocultural contacts with the Russians and before the rest of the indigenous people began to join the new "Russian" anthroponymic model. The wide range of anthroponyms was initially formed. Later, the number of surnames was reduced. Fixing the surnames among the indigenous people contributed to the prestige of the Russian and the desire to fully comply with them. At the beginning of the XX century most indigenous people adopted the “Russian” anthroponymy and formed a clear set of surnames. Keywords: anthroponymy, surname, census of 1917 year, indigenous people, Kumandins, Tubalars, Chelkans | 1056 | |||||
| 207 | The article analyzes the semantic structure of the basic perceptual verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- «listen» in the Khakass language. In particular, peripheral components of their semantics that are not reflected in dictionary interpretations, which are formed by the ratio of grammatical and semantic elements, are identified and described. It is established that the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Grammatical indicators clarify and add certain shades to the semantics of the verb. The correlation of grammatical and meaningful components in the semantic structure of the verb кöр- «look, see» is systematized in syntactic constructions that convey evaluative statements on the part of the speaker (кöрдек аны…). As an introductory word, this verb forms constructions expressing fear and caution from a negative situation; punishment with a touch of categorical; threat and warning that the speaker is ready to respond to unwanted actions of the enemy. The disclosure of relevant grammatical and meaningful forms in the structure of the verb ис- «listen» is not fixed by us. However, much less frequently than the verb кöр- «look, see», he can introduce a construct that describes a perceptual situation or a fact that is a reliable persuasive argument of the speaker being right. Most often, the verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- « listen; hear» are often used in the form of appeals to visual and auditory perception. Thus, the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Keywords: Khakass language, basic perceptual verbs, communicative act, speaking, semantics | 1056 | |||||
| 208 | This article discusses the problem of interpretation of the cultural heritage of the Slavs within tour guiding activity of the First Museum of Slavic mythology. Interactive methods of work with tourists, as well as methods for engaging in joint action are analysed herein. Construction of the historical past in general and spiritual culture of the Slavs in particular is performed through the interpretation of works of art from the collection of the Museum. The museum's mission is not mainly focused on organisation of an interesting exhibition, but mainly on visitor engagement and exchange. Such task is carried out by means of specific techniques of revealing the content via interactive methods, when dialogical relationships are built between a visitor and an exposition, and methods of participation, when people simulate the surrounding reality themselves. Interactivity is achieved by creating a layer parallel to the conventional exposition. This layer includes models that can be touched and the so-called hands-on activities. For example, during the tour called “Native Gods and Heroes” visitors learn about the model of a traveling forge. They blow bellows, raise sledgehammer and put on a protective apron. Due to such hands-on activities museum visitors develop an understanding of how metal was forged in ancient times. Successful methods of immersion into the past are related to traditional crafts and participation in game practices where guests dress up, sing folk songs, dance in a round and taste traditional cuisine. In such projects it is crucial to give people an opportunity to be not only “consumers” or target audience, but also contributors to decision-making and organisation of cultural events, in other words, to the process of under-standing and realisation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Slavic cultural heritage, cultural heritage interpretation, museum pedagogics, guiding activity, museum exposition | 1055 | |||||
| 209 | The paper considers the problem of ethnic identity of Belarusians and the Ukrainians of Tomsk region in the context of ethnic revival. The paper describes the main directions of work of Ukrainian and Belarusian cultural centers in Tomsk, presenting an evaluation of how the national-cultural centers work is consideration of such indicators as population. The reasons of these organizations’ limited influence on the daily life of people are revealed. Separate groups within the ethnic societies under study are defined according to the degree of expressed ethnic self-consciousness, as well as the factors defining it. The ways of public activity outside the national organizations are also demonstrated. It has been found that the processes of self-organization of the Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk region occur in conditions of blurring of ethnic identity and have not lead to the growth of their population in the region. Keywords: ethnic identity, processes of ethnic revival, Belarusians, Ukrainians | 1055 | |||||
| 210 | In dialect space of the Komi language the dialect of the Kirov Permians which formation occurred in conditions of isolation from the basic area of distribution of the Komi dialects and strong influence of the surrounding Russian dialects, occupies a special place. The actual problem of the Komi dialectology is revealing of the basis and place of the given territorial-language version in the dialect continuum of the Komi language. The phonetic and morphological markers of the language of the Kirov Permians are considered, the analysis and comparison to language lines of the territorially close Zyryan and Permian dialects are of great importance for the solution of the given problem. The research is based on the materials collected by the author during several expeditions to the area of residing of the Kirov Permians in period from 2002 to 2012. Keywords: the Komi language, the Komi-Permian language, Kirov Permians, phonetics, morphol-ogy, linguistic markers | 1052 | |||||
| 211 | This article aims at discovering basic strategies of predicative possession formation in Selkup dialects. It is an integral part of a current typological project that examines the verbalization of the notion/concept of predicative possession in the Ob-Yenisei linguistic area. After Stassen (2009, 2013), we give prominence to formal criteria based on the syntactic encoding of Possessor and Possessee instead that to semantic ones. According to Stassen, the predicative possessive constructions observed in the languages of the world can be reduced to five syntactic patterns only. Four construction strategies are found in Selkup dialects although only locational possessive and Genitive possessive occupy the central part in this system while two other strategies belong to the periphery: [Possessor-LOC + V.ex. + Possessee] (Locational Possessive) [Possessor-GEN + Possessee + V.ex.] (Genitive Possessive). [Possessor + Possessee-COM.INSTR + V.ex.] (Conjunctional Possessive). [Possessor + V.tr. + Possessee] (Have-Possession). In conclusion, we can state that, in the case of Selkup, in expressions of ‘having’ the Possessor is given emphasis and the predicate is a transitive verb, while in expressions of ‘belonging’ the Possessee is given emphasis and the predicate is copular. Keywords: dialects of the Selkup language, predicative, locative, genitive comitative, transitive possessive | 1052 | |||||
| 212 | The article considers some forms of language interaction in terms of language contacts expansion in modern Russia. In the example of the Volgograd oblast it shows the changes of ethnic and linguocultural space of a separate region, manifested in the transformation of historically established ethnic proportions of the population; in the formation of a new ethnic balance; in increasing of variability of language contact and bilingualism types of closely and not closely related languages. The article sets a general trend towards oral communication hybridization in the multilingual environment. It also concludes that this trend is manifested in the activation of hybrid lexemes formed according to the Russian derivational and inflectional models and operating mainly in the field of household communication. There is also a trend towards the use of hybrid lexemes in the mass media. The authors identify extralinguistic and linguistic factors that significantly affect the appearance of new lexemes in the process of language contacts. Keywords: language situation, migration, language contacts, borrowings, hybrid lexemes | 1051 | |||||
| 213 | The article is concerned with the comparison of Finnish and English plant names. These languages belong to different families – Uralic and Indo-European, which results in significant discrepancies in the systems of folk plant taxonomy. Yet Finnish and English plant names also have similarities that can be of particular interest for research. The analysis is based on Finnish plant names that denote the habitat of plants. The article considers Finnish plant names with the elements vesi “water” and pelto “field”; these words are compared to the names of the same plants in the English language, which are viewed diachronically. Having studied these folk plant names, the author traces similarities and differences in nomination of the same natural realia in typologically distinct languages. Keywords: plant names, common plant names, Finnish, English, motivation based on the habitat of plants, comparative analysis | 1051 | |||||
| 214 | The article considers mythologema tokens in the Yakut language, which are parts of phraseological units - various names of the Yakut deities, the spirit of fire, the spirit-master of the forest, and also the names of evil and good spirits. An attempt was made to establish their lexical parallels in the related Turkic and Mongolian languages. Within the phraseosemantic field "qualitative and evaluative characteristics of a person" mythologema tokens as part of phraseological units participate in an evaluative description of internal properties – mental qualities, temperament, appearance, age, life experience, abilities, social status, behavior and other qualities of a person. The field organizes the fundamental cultural concept of the PERSON, which reflects the national picture of the world, the system of the most common world representations of native speakers. The comparative-historical method and component analysis made it possible to establish national-specific phraseological units of the Yakut language that do not have parallels in related Turkic languages, which in turn confirms the thesis that the formation of these phraseological units proceeded in the course of its development in conditions of non-contact with the last. At the same time, general and specific phraseological ranks, as well as some Yakut-Khakass, Yakut- Kazakh phraseological parallels were revealed. It is also suggested that the Yakut system of mythological images was subjected to strong Mongolian influence. And the absence of Tungus lexical parallels testifies to the lack of Yakut-Tungus interaction and mutual influence when creating the considered Yakut mythologema tokens. Prospects for the study are seen in the further development of the theoretical basis and methodology of phraseological comparativistics of Turkic languages. Keywords: token, phraseological unit, Yakut language, Turkic languages, phraseosemantic field, Turkic phraseology, history of the language, comparative analysis | 1050 | |||||
| 215 | The aim of the following paper is to present the terms of social and human capital and their role in contem-porary societies. The paper consists of few parts. It starts with discussion about definitions of social and human capital and differences between both terms. The author states that the term of human capital is wider, but it cannot be considered without its social component. Then, it presents the role of non-government organizations (funds, associations) in the process of forming of social capital. The author argues, that social confidence, accountability and transparent political institutions, as well as democratic state, cannot exist without social capital and well developed “third sector”. In the last part of the paper the author presents a case of Wroclaw-based fund “The Russian-Polish Institute”, a non-government organization, established in 2011 by private persons from Poland and Russia, that focuses on preservation and popularization of Russian language and culture in Poland. Keywords: social capital, non-commercial organizations, the Russian-Polish Institute, Russian language and culture | 1048 | |||||
| 216 | Describing culture-specific vocabulary is an important and at the same time rather challenging part of lexicographic work. In particular, this concerns making dictionaries of minority languages that are considered to be endangered. As a rule, these languages are understudied and not sufficiently documented, which complicates presentation of ethnocultural realia to a greater extent. One of such languages is Ket, an endangered language spoken by a small number of people residing in the north of Krasnoyarsk province. The present article describes the main problems related to presenting ethnocultural material that were encountered in the course of making the Comprehensive Ket dictionary. Among them are 1) cultural differences in categorization of extralinguistic reality, 2) presentation of ethnocultural c information in a dictionary entry, 3) loss of ethnocultural knowledge in the language community. Keywords: Ket, minority languages, endangered languages, Siberian languages, lexicography, ethnocultural vocabulary, dictionary | 1048 | |||||
| 217 | Subject to introduction into a scientific circulation being new data on methods of pottery production of the Srubnaya and Srubnaya-and-Alakul culture, basing on materials from the barrow [kurgan] 3 of the «Julaly-8» barrow burial in Bashkir Trans-Ural. Resulting from a technical-and-technological analysis of the pottery, subject to a description being traditions of selection and preparation of the initial plastic raw material, making of molding compound, pots molding, surface treatment of articles, and kilning. Keywords: Bashkir Trans-Ural, late Bronze Age, technical and technological pottery analysis, pottery reconstruction | 1047 | |||||
| 218 | Article raises the main questions connected with variability of language on the example of functioning of Spanish in the territory of the Mexican peninsula Yucatan. A language variation as process of linguistic change in itself is very difficult and subject to influence of a set of factors, often from each other not the dependent. In each certain Latin American country formation of the literary standards of Spanish happened differently. Spanish of Mexico and, in particular, the peninsula Yucatan – one of unique language educations not only because it is the largest Spanish-speaking country, but also a place where the stable all-Spanish kernel and dialect features caused by identity of the Mexican culture organically coexist. Spanish of Mexicans is national option of Spanish since compliance to functions of national option is peculiar to it: a rank official, existence of national literary norm, the status native for absolute number of inhabitants, performance of full volume of public functions and language and culture specifics. Spanish in the territory of the peninsula Yucatan significantly differs from norms of the Mexican national option of Spanish and has similarity with Cuban, Andalusia, Argentina, Verakruz. Also that the Maya language is now one of languages on which speaks the population of the peninsula Yucatan owing to what the Spanish informal conversation included many words from the Maya language. Considerable changes at the phonetic, grammatical and lexical levels are noted. Keywords: language variability, dialect, social status of Spanish, standard of the speech, Mexican national option of Spanish, peninsula Yucatan | 1046 | |||||
| 219 | The article is written by a disciple of G. K. Werner. It describes the life record and the scholarly work of the teacher. It considers in detail the contents of monographs (21), the scholar’s papers, dictionaries composed by him. Also, the article characterizes his educational and methodological activity in the German and Ket languages. Firstly, the background information is given and then the research work of G. K. Werner is described. There are three periods differentiated on geographical basis: work in Tomsk, in Taganrog and in Bonn. Much attention is paid to the field work and the use of expedition materials for further research of the Yenisei languages. The article deals with the work of G. K. Werner as a thesis adviser, the peculiarities of his consultations. The article also mentions a large number of published and unpublished reviews and comments on the research papers and dissertations on the US, Polish, German and Russian linguists. Keywords: Yenisei languages, Kott language, Ket, Yugh language, Southern Siberia, Dingling, Xiongnu, tengrizm, sound system, accentology, protoculture, Indian languages, Na-Dene languages, ethnicity, ornamentation | 1046 | |||||
| 220 | The article deals with decoded audio records of legends and is dedicated to the peculiarities of epic performance traditions, exemplified by occasional repetitions and slips of tongue. These typically occur at the time in the tale and are natural for the spoken discourse. Self-repairs and clarifications by the storyteller greatly facilitates the folklore analysis. In addition to random slips of the tongue, the teller, A. P. Napazakov makes errors, which are repaired by him immediately. Such errors, slips of the tongue, repetitions, Russian borrowings – are the performer's personal inputs, dependent on memory, mood and even on the audience, which is an evidence of direct effect of a storyteller can have on the contents of epic and its perception. Keywords: Shor heroic epic stories, epic storyteller’s speech, Russian loans, repeats and reservations | 1044 | |||||
| 221 | The article considers the interpretation of personal haplotypes of the modern ethnic Khakass with regard to their private genealogies. During DNA testing of the Khakass’ Y-chromosome, different marker panels of haplotypes were obtained, which were used to determine haplogroups, and most importantly – to compare with personal oral and archival-documentary genealogies of donors in order to verify kinship. The novelty of this genetic-genealogical (genetealogical) study involves correlating eight private Khakass surnames (Ugdyzhekov, Shulberekov, Sagataev, Borgoyakov, Sandaraev, Tarkhanov, Torosov, Mainagashev) with objective genetic markers of the Y-chromosome obtained from ten donors. Two 37-marker STR-haplotypes of the Tarkhanovs belonging to donors from the Khakass subethnos of the Kyzyl people (the Sharypovo District of the Krasnoyarsk Region), as well as the Beltir 37-marker haplotype of the Torosovs, are published for the first time. Six Khakass haplotypes were fully attributed (up to the full name). Most of DNA tests were carried out in the American Commercial Company “Family Tree DNA” (Houston, Texas, USA) for haplotypes of different lengths – from 12 to 111 STR markers. For all the presented Khakass haplotypes, it is necessary to perform genome-wide sequencing of the Y-chromosome to detect SNP mutations up to the definition of familial terminal snips. Since the Beltirs’ genealogies are the deepest among the Khakass subethnoses, going back to the 16th century, it is primary to haplotype and snip male descendants from the Beltir families/seoks. In the future, this will allow us to apply the new methodology extensively – for example, for mapping/identification of Khakass kinships/seoks in the form of phylogenetic trees (modeled on the human Y-chromosome haplogroup tree YFull YTree). The currently available anonymous population-genetic data obtained by scientists from the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics of the Research Institute of Medical Genetics of Tomsk National Research Medical Center are unsuitable for calibration of reconstructed documentary genealogies, and therefore the full potential of the new verification methodology remains undiscovered. Keywords: DNA, genetic genealogy, haplotype, Khakass DNA project, genealogy, subclade, revision tale, Khakas, haplogroup, seok | 1044 | |||||
| 222 | The publication is dedicated to the biography of Professor and Doctor of History L. M. Pletneva, Russian archaeologist, and her contribution to archaeological studies of Siberia. Her research interests are focused on the Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages of the Tomsk Ob Region (the south of Western Siberia). Over forty field seasons (1963–2005), Lyudmila Pletneva accumulated a strong source base and used these data for creating the original concept – the cultural and historical development of the region for the whole Iron Age. In particular, based on archaeological data of the Middle Ages, she identified the migration of Turkic groups to the Tomsk Ob Region, to the areas populated by the local (Samoyedic) peoples. The publication highlights some social activities of L. M. Pletneva: she contributed to developing the archaeological education of Tomsk school children in the 1970s. Keywords: archaeologist L. M. Pletneva, Western Siberia, Tomsk Ob Region, field studies, the Early Iron Age, the Middle Ages, biography of a scientist | 1041 | |||||
| 223 | The article for the first time publishes the results of interdisciplinary research of the hillfort Ust-Tagan, which is part of the Shaitan complex of archeological sites in the south of the Tomsk Region. It is concluded that the site Ust-Tagan in the 10th-13th centuries was a fortified point built near the iron ore deposit for its extraction. The main economy of the population were iron metallurgy and cattle breeding with a horses predominance in the herd. The origin of the ceramic traditions, represented in the materials of the settlement, is to be found in the complexes of the Upper Irtysh Region. The appearance of pastoralists-metallurgists in the Upper Ob River Region, who brought new knowledge about the production of iron, is most likely due to the disintegration of the "Kimako-Kypchak" Confederation and large migrations from the territory of the Upper Irtysh River Region. Keywords: Ust-Tagan Hillfort, Upper Ob River Region, High Middle Ages, Iron Metallurgy | 1041 | |||||
| 224 | The article includes some research results of the metalanguage reflection of German dialects of speakers living in Tomsk region, one of the Siberian regions of the Russian Federation. Research materials were collected through the implementation of field expeditions in rural settlements of Tomsk region, where a significant proportion of the population are Germans. The statements about the language of the informants are analyzed in this article; modeling of their experienced history of the usage of languages is carried out. The model, based on the analysis of the “subjective data”, provides a concept of relevant and irrelevant linguistic phenomena for the perception of bilingual German respondents, which allows following up the development of their language loyalty and language associations diachronically. Keywords: German dialects in Siberia, Russian Germans, language attitude, language biography | 1039 | |||||
| 225 | This article deals with the problem of the reconstruction of the emphatic element, element of negative polarity and negative element |-naj|. The research is based on the materials on the southern and northern dialects of Selkup language. First of all, the negative element |-naj| which manifests itself as an integral part of negative pronouns and adverbs, is the product of the second outcome – grammaticalization of the corresponding emphatic element |-naj|. So, in its turn, it is supposed that the emphatic element |-naj| is the result of the merging of two elements: some pronoun (or stem of some pronoun) |-nɛ| and the corresponding emphatic particle |-aj|. Moreover, being of emphatic nature, the element |-naj| (as well as |-aj|) probably can merge with other elements producing new lexemes with new meanings, for example: southern Selkup |olanej| ‘so’; northern Selkup |nɨnaj| ‘again, at once’. Keywords: Selkup language, reconstruction, emphasis, negation | 1038 | |||||
| 226 | Under conditions of high intensity world of information and communication processes in politics, economics, society issue planned formation, positioning and broadcast the image of Belarus is particularly acute and timely. At present, the necessary and urgent is the study of social and cultural space of the Internet social networks that influence the formation and development of such phenomena as social consciousness, society, state. The report raised the problem of the formation of the cultural image of Belarus with the help of social networking Internet. The importance of the role of social networks in the study of this problem is confirmed by their purposeful influence on the process of social development at the moment. Keywords: Internet, social networks, image of the state, culture, social media, law, government, presentation | 1038 | |||||
| 227 | On the basis of the review of scientific literature and archive materials that also include the material that is being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time, the fundamental principles are presented these principles concerning the questions of ethnic identity of the Yukaghir of Yakutia were elaborated by the members of the important research initiatives in the XIX – beginning of XXI century. In connection to this there has been made an analysis on dynamics of scholars on the status of a number of markers, that include “purity of blood”, the level of proficiency in the native language, distinctness of anthropogenic activities and culture, self-consciousness. The “negative” trend has been predominating through much of the studied period, that was established by the scholars during estimation of the perspectives of the Yukaghir people’s existence in the rapidly changing environment and their preservation of the ethnic distinctness. The accumulated research material on steady degradation of a complex of objective signs which was firstly conditioned by the intense assimilation processes and then by the processes of globalization was the basis for this approach. At the same time, the significant changes were noted in the approaches used by scholars; these changes happened in the last decades and they have been accompanied by the increased attention to the subjective factors in functioning of ethnic identity of the Yukaghir. Moreover, the significant role of scholars’ activities in designing the ethnic selfconsciousness of the modern Yukaghirs is noticed. Keywords: Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic, Yukaghirs, Yakutia, scientific researches, expeditions, ethnic identity, assimilation | 1037 | |||||
| 228 | Man has been in contact with nature since ancient time. It is well known that the relations between man and nature are irreciprocal: nature perfectly exists without man, but man cannot survive without nature. What’s more, at each evolutionary stage man employs more and more natural resources in his everyday life. At present even the air we breathe is not an exception: it is used for the production of liquid oxygen and hydrogen. So, it is not accidental that such new (and much younger than man and nature) discipline as ecology developed. It is not accidental either that in the foreign research tradition ecology also includes biology, archeology, ethnography and this discip line does not belong exclusively to humanities or natural science. V. N. Adaev takes into consideration the well-known theory of V. I. Vernadsky about noosphere and various points of view on this theory. The book of V. N. Adaev greatly contributes to our expertise in ecology and the Siberian studies in general. Keywords: book by V. N. Adaev, humans – nature, ecology, Siberian studies | 1031 | |||||
| 229 | The article presents the analysis of the semantic structure of the imperative of the 2nd person singular (“you”) in the Tuvan language, which is put the semantic feature at the degree of down-toning, degree of controllability, the time setting of causable action. The basis for motivation of speaker to perform an action is, maybe, in his point of view, the necessity (debitive) and the possibility of performing downtoning action put into the addressee by the speaker. Various combinations of the semantic features and the character of the relationship between the participants of the speech act and the features of social subordination determine the whole semantic structure of the imperative of the 2nd person singular. Such personal meanings of the imperative as an order, request, instruction, suggestion, permission, advice, consent and permission are formed in the article. Keywords: imperative, 2nd person singular, causation, order, request, instruction, suggestion, permission, advice, consent, permission, the degree of down-toning, degree of controllability, the time setting, the modality meanings | 1030 | |||||
| 230 | This paper deals with morphosyntactic properties of Hill Mari approximative Numeral + Noun constructions in comparison with those including cardinal numerals without the additional value of approximation. The study presents a list of approximative constructions found in Hill Mari and an overview of their basic morphosyntactic properties. This article contains both synchronic and diachronic account, as well as some preliminary cross-linguistic comparison. We can draw a conclusion that the morphosyntax of approximative constructions in Hill Mari is governed by a set of rules which have already been stated in typology. Nevertheless, some of them operate in a different way (e.g. numerical value determining nominal number). Furthermore, approximative Numeral + Noun constructions provide some important data on NP structure and a strong evidence that measure nouns are part of a complex quantifier, rather than a real quantified entity. Keywords: Quantified expressions, Numeral + Noun constructions, number marking, approximative numerals, noun phrase, morphosyntax, Hill Mari | 1030 | |||||
| 231 | The article deals with the problem of the linguistic origin of toponim Margutsek. The lexical basis of the investigation is appellatives of Mongol and Samoedic languages. The description, etymology and thesis of the linguistic origin of the proper name Margutsek are presented as the result of comparative analysis. The analysis based on comparative and typological methods gives the possibility to suppose about diachronic area linguistic unity on the territory of Transbaikalia. Keywords: toponyms, placename, appellative dictionary, etymology, comparative analysis, typology of unrelated languages, Samoyedic languages, Mongolian language | 1029 | |||||
| 232 | Great attention in the work of municipal museum of the city of Seversk is paid to preservation and popularization of cultural heritage of Russian Siberians, migrants of other nationalities, Belarusians and Ukrainians in particular, as well as indigenous people of Siberia. At the permanent local history exposition “Along the river of time”, and at the temporary expositions held in the museum the regular events, such as excursions, lectures, lessons for schools and pre-schools of the city according to special cultural-educational programs are developed by the museum staff. The museum conducted a number of regional and federal projects, including: “Folk calendar. Creative workshops by traditions of Russian Siberians”, “Orthodoxy. Binding. Creativity” for social adaptation of children with disabilities. In 2015 the new project Museum holiday “For the sake of eloquent-sounding word” was supported by federal program “Culture of Russia 2012–2018” within nomination “Non-material cultural heritage of the Russian people”. Ethnographic exhibit items and their importance for museum-pedagogical work is constantly growing, especially when working with children as the materials enable to go deep into history and touch the life of our remote ancestors. In traditional culture of any nation every object like work equipment, clothes, dishware or cultural objects were made with one’s own hands exactly like their ancestors did, following the definite rules, bans and ceremonies. These objects disappear very fast or have already disappeared from daily life and they are often kept only in museums. Peculiarity of traditional culture of Russian Siberians in suburban villages of Tomsk is expressed in long time intrusion of city household items into peasants’ life and large influence of city culture in general. Descendants of inhabitants from all of these settlements currently live in Seversk, Tomsk, and other settlements and keep the memory of their ancestors. To perform the project “For the sake of eloquent-sounding word” several scenarios were developed where project participants – museum staff in national costumes engage in conversation, talk only by proverbs and sayings. Russian folk proverbs keep large public significance up to the present days from the informative, educational and aesthetic point of view. This is like a philosophical genre consolidating the rich life experience. Keywords: museum, ethnographic exhibit items, folklore, Russian Siberians | 1027 | |||||
| 233 | This paper studies a modern Ukrainian novel using the approach worked out by so-called Memory studies. The use of commemoration in fiction is touched upon as well. The article presents the analyses of the novel “If” written by the famous Ukrainian novelist Iren Rozdobud'ko as a practice of the Soviet Union commemoration. The novel was chosen because of the strong and clear opposition of the Past and the Present that allows treating it as a kind of memory place. The work presented can be used as a basis for further analyses of fiction as a type of commemoration. It’s known that one of the most important types of commemoration is the use of the dates; the choice of the dates can influence much on the perception of the work. So, I. Rozdobud'ko emphases on the several events of the 1980s. They are the Olympic Games 1980 and the very beginning of the Afghanistan conflict. These historic events are presented in opposition: a happy one and a sad one. It should be underlined that the author uses no historic names and concrete dates. The other two events opposed are the cultural ones: the death of Vladimir Vysotskiy and so-called All-Union Saturday. While analyzing the work we have come to the conclusion the commemoration effect is reached by presenting the characters’ emotions and thoughts though their dialogues and the monologues of the main character Veronica. The main character, a thirty year old journalist Veronica Ivchenko found herself in 1980 when she was only seven. She perceived everything happened at the time being adult. It helps her to rethink all the events by the mind of an adult person. That leads her to the conclusion that the beginning of the Afghanistan conflict was more important for the people than the Olympic Game, the death of V. Vysotskiy shocked the society, but nobody remembered about the All-Union Saturday. We would like to note that the “entertaining material” used by I. Rozdobud'ko allowed to expose the moral degradation reasons of the modern society in the former Soviet Union countries in the early twenty-first century. Keywords: Memory studies, “places of memory”, commemoration, the collective memory | 1027 | |||||
| 234 | The paper examines the division of labour between spatial cases and serial postpositions referring to the interior and top parts of the landmark in Forest Enets (Samoyedic, Uralic). The study is based on the corpus of modern and archive texts in Forest Enets. The focus is on the interaction between landmark semantics and the semantics of case or postposition. The study shows that case is the major means of marking for the nouns denoting landmarks that lack distinct spatial contours, including toponyms and object-part terms. Postpositional marking is more frequent for landmarks with well-defined spatial configuration, e.g. interior region for the postpositions of the IN-series or vertical axis for the postpositions of the SUPER-series. The spatial configuration of the landmark can be additionally profiled by the semantics of the verb. Thus, contrary to the idea proposed in a number of studies, these results suggest that in natural texts postpositional marking is not primarily associated with the non-standard function of the landmark or an unexpected spatial scenario. More generally, from the grammaticalization theory perspective, it is reasonable to expect that postpositions will more readily replace case markers in the contexts where postpositional semantics is more compatible with the semantics of landmark and the verb, rather than in less natural contexts. Keywords: Enets, spatial cases, adpositions, postpositions, landmark, spatial configuration, grammaticalization | 1024 | |||||
| 235 | The article is devoted to the psycholinguistic analysis of the traditional gender stereotypes of the Turkic peoples in the proverbs of the Altai and Yakut languages. We analyzed 210 proverbs, 124 proverbs in Altai and 86 proverbs in Yakut language, reflecting the gender stereotypes and social behavior of men and women. We used the methods of content- and intent-analysis with the aime of define the content and intentions of proverbs, their comparison. The proverbs of the Altaians and Yakuts reflect traditional generic and family relations, connected with androcratic (patriarchal) attitudes, regulation of gender differences, dichotomization of masculine and feminine, hierarchy of status of men and women. There are the androcentric attitudes, gender polarization and gender inequality in the traditional gender stereotypes of the proverbs of Altaians and Yakuts. The proverbs of the masculine stereotypes of Altaians and Yakuts contain the intentions “Instruction”, “Praise”, “Advice”, and “Evaluation”. The androcentric component is more pronounced in the masculine stereotypes of Yakut, than that of the Altaians stereotypes. The proverbs of the feminine stereotypes of Altaians and Yakuts contain the intentions “Caution”, “Exposure”, “Reprimand” and “Reproach”. The sexist component is more pronounced in the female stereotypes of the Yakuts, than that of the Altaians stereotypes. The masculine stereotypes of Altaians and Yakuts are more consistent than feminine stereotypes. Keywords: turkic languages, altai language, yakut language, paremia, proverbs, sayings, gender roles, gender stereotypes, male stereotypes, female stereotypes, androcentrism, androcracy, patriarchy, gender polarization | 1024 | |||||
| 236 | The paper briefly presents the linguistic reasons of correlation between the onym Khamnigan as alloethnonym of people of Tungus origin among the eastern group of Buryat and the ancient ethnonym Samoyed – the name of Samoyedic tribes and peoples of medieval Siberia. Alloethnonym Khamnigan as an onym, consisting of two components, it has a final element -nigan, which is considered to originate from tribal Nikan – population of Nikan state or the state of dog-headed people Gou-Go. The root of alloethnonym Khamnigan Kham- may be correlated with the radix Sam- of the ethnonym Samoyed. In this case the historical alternation of consonants h- // s- is revealed, typical both for Samoyedic and Mongol languages. Investigation gives an opportunity to propose the identity of alloethnonym Khamnigan and ethnonym Samoyed, which originated under the influence of local contact languages – Chinese and Tungus- Man’chzhu, also observed in other local languages such as – Ket, Nenets and Buryat. Keywords: Alloethnonym Khamnigan, Aginsk Buryat, Khori-Buryat, nikan, Nikan state, Nelyudsky (Nerchinsk) Ostrog, Gou-Go, dog-headed people, etymology, contact languages, Nerchinsky uezd, Khorinsk Steppe duma, over-log-grave burial constructions in the form of «hous | 1021 | |||||
| 237 | Here we report on the results of the experimental study investigating an impact of verbal communication on male group cooperation. The coevolution of cooperation and verbal communication makes up a special interest within evolutionary anthropology, since Homo sapiens is distinguished by outstanding cooperative and communicative (language) abilities. Male cooperation is of particular interest. Historically emerged so that activities, which require high group-cooperation skills (warfare, big-game hunting), are predominantly or exclusively male occupations. Maintaining high level of cooperation among males, in contrast to females, was also encouraged by widely spread patrilocality tradition, meaning that males were closely genetically related with each other during the whole life-span (a powerful factor for enhancement of cooperation according to Hamilton’s kin-selection theory). Participants of our study were young men of Mongolian origin (Buryats of Southern Siberia), whose traditional culture involved nomadic pastoralism and patrilocality. Individual predispositions for pro-social behavior were assessed via group cooperation game – “Public Goods Game”, which was played in groups of four participants, under condition of the “face-to-face” interactions. In this game each participant was asked to decide how much of his own funds (real monetary equivalents were given to his disposal by the experimenter) he was willing to invest into a “common project” (not invested funds were kept by a participant). The sum of investments into “common project” was then doubled and distributed equally between all four group members. This game allows estimating individual predispositions for cooperation, cheating, and altruistic behavior. The experiment was conducted in 2 rounds: (1) under condition of absence of any intentional communication between participants; (2) with verbal negotiations option. Worth noting that all investment decisions in both rounds were made privily, so that other group members had no information on investments of their partners (even despite any verbal agreements in the second round). Our results have demonstrated that verbal communication has a crucial positive impact on cooperative behavior, shifts individual behavior towards maximizing group benefits as opposed to immediate personal gain. Increased individual verbal expressiveness was characteristic of highly pro-socially oriented subjects. However a small fraction of our participants was characterized by anti-social behavior (employing cheating strategy), and these subjects were even more talkative than others. This result suggests that cheaters have applied exaggerated (supernatural) stimulus to build own trustworthiness in a group, which is a prerequisite of successful cheating. The results are discussed from evolutionary perspective. Keywords: cooperation, communication, verbal communication, Public Goods Game, altruism, Buryats, human evolution | 1020 | |||||
| 238 | The paper explores the experience of compilation of the bibliographic index on history and ethnography of Slavic diasporas of the Tomsk region (Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Poles). The description deals with the objects of bibliographic reflection, chronological framework, content and structure of the edition, principles of bibliographic description, characteristics of metadata. Based on the thematic stratification, the index reviews relevant publications, making conclusions on the degree and extent of the analysis of individual issues, providing the names of the scholars. Individual publications search capability and format are presented as well as the process of reference data gathering. The paper concludes with a review of the applied value of the index and identifies further research directions. Keywords: bibliographic diaspora, Belorussian, Ukrainians, Poles, Tomsk region | 1019 | |||||
| 239 | The article describes the results of three folklore-ethnographic expeditions to the Tuvinians of China in 2016 year. Analyzed the degree of ownership of folklore and ethnographic tradition of the young generation of the Chinese Tuvinians. Recorded materials from Tuvinian students testify to the continuity of knowledge on traditional folklore and rituals. It is noted that young people in the rituals adheres to the сanon of tradition, knows the semantics and pragmatics of rituals. At the same time, in the recorded works of oral prose from a young generation it can be noted not rich repertoire and poor knowledge of the foundations of traditional mythology. It is established that the folklore and ritual in the life of Tuvinians of China is a lively and dynamic traditional culture. During three expeditions were recorded samples of many folklore genres and also the different stages of the wedding rituals. Keywords: Tuvinians of China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, non-folktale prose, ritual folklore | 1018 | |||||
| 240 | The main means of expression of possessive predicativity in Ket are constructions with adessive case. Despite the fact that the leading researchers in the field of the Ket studies mention this construction, until now there is no individual papers devoted to the subject under research. By way of syntactic expressing the relationships of belonging the Ket language refers to the esselanguages. In the Ket language there is no verb ‘to have’, in possessive predicative constructions are used zero-encoding and two existential predicate copulas: the first – for the present (usam), the second – for the past time (obɨlde). The order of words in possessive predicative constructions is fixed: the possessor – the possessed – the predicative. Deviations from this order of words are attributed to the actual sentence division. The strategy of predicative possessiveness expression in the Ket language can be referred to the locative type as in the constructions with the meaning of possession the locative case is used: adessive case. The forms of this case are -daŋta / -diŋta / -naŋta, and the case name indicates that it marks the animate objects. The most frequent are possessive predicative constructions with zero-encoding (17 occurrences), half this quantity less there are the constructions with the predicate copula obɨlde (8 occurrences), more than half this quantity less there are the negative constructions (7 occurrences) and the constructions with usam (6 occurrences). The quantitative data in the calculation of existential constructions with usam and obɨlde and locative constructions with adessive case, which do not express the meaning of belonging, show that they occur in isolated contexts. Thus, there is reason to believe that in the Ket language adessive case focuses on the expression of possessive relations in predicative constructions. Existential predicate copulas usam and obɨlde are likely to be more recent innovation, and are possibly formed under the influence of the Russian language. Keywords: Ket, possessive predicative constructions, adessive, locative constructions, existential constructions | 1017 | |||||
| 241 | The problem of the trinity in the world as the focus of the Universe, in particular, in the context of epic works, often touched upon in research, in the center of which is the text of the Olonkho – one of the oldest genres of the oral creativity of the Sakha people. The article is discussed the traditional clothing of the Sakha based on the text of the heroic epic Olonkho. The authors focuses on identifying and describing the Olonkho characters, representatives of the three worlds – Upper, Middle and Lower. According to the Yakut mythology, the Universe consisted of three worlds - the Upper, Middle and Lower, located one above the other or floors above one another. In the Middle World, defined implied as the center of the Universe, but it does not have its own, there living people. Here live animals and a variety of supernatural beings. In other worlds live supernatural nature-spirits. As the researchers write, any description of clothes in Olonkho is no accidental, that the clothes of the epic Olonkho can be regarded as a kind of ethnic sign, based on the traditional worldview and conduct of the Yakut people, that common genetic traits with the vast Turkic-Mongolian world have survived, the Yakut ethnos developed many common mythological ideas, rituals, developed a unique, characteristic only to the Yakuts, ways of symbolizing the world, that clothing carries a special sacral ritual function, that form, decoration and symbol of the products of traditional Yakut folk art show a significant influence on the formation of the foundations of the Yakut material and spiritual culture of both local and North American Paleoasians and ancient culture of the nomads of Eurasia. It is established that the text of this Olonkho contains a detailed description of the headdress and its details, types of outerwear (fur coats, coats, etc.) and shoes, which reflects the idea of the inhabitants of the three worlds. In this regard, the epic text serves as a kind of source of reconstruction of the coded informative material. The function of clothing as an indicator of the social status, financial position of its owner is identified. The problem of description considered in this article as part of the traditional Sakha culture in the context of the epic text correlates with the study of the question of who and how works in the simulated space. Keywords: epic; text of the Olonkho; three worlds; clothes; semantics; function; material and spiritual culture | 1017 | |||||
| 242 | 1015 | ||||||
| 243 | This article presents an analysis of the significant body of Selkup folklore texts with the character Itja (Itcha) and his opponent – An Man-Eater (Giant). A detailed analysis has been provided for one of the identified scenes, and namely stories about a Boy (the hero) who defeated An Man-Eater. This group is the most numerous among the fixations in the Selkup language and consists of 28 texts. The analysis reveals that the bulk of the corpus is divided into three main plots, which are the basis for the entire collection of Itja-texts that are portrayed differently in the territory of residence of the Selkups. Keywords: Selkup folklore, texts with the hero Itja, tale-types and motifs, folklore plots classification | 1015 | |||||
| 244 | The article deals with spiritual traditions and everyday regulations of the bezpopovtsy (priestless) Old-Believers of the Ust-Tsilemsky district of the Komi Republic. At all times of the Old Belief development family was the main institute where the religious personality was formed, here the most important foundation of behavior and culture were laid. Family was accumulated folk knowledge and ensured their transmitting. The specifics of formation, preservation and evolution of the family traditions directed to education of the religious personality, unity of family and community, consolidation of ethnokofessional group in general are defined. The most important symbols of the Old-Believers culture – books, icons and the attitude of members of household towards them are in detail described and analyzed. Special attention is paid for a role and value of ethnic traditions in family life. Keywords: Russian conservatives, Ust-Tsilma, traditions, custom, book, family, icons, prayers | 1015 | |||||
| 245 | The paper addresses the issues of contactinduced structural change in the native Siberian Eastern Khanty dialects. Contemporary data from Eastern Khanty spoken discourse demonstrate increasing frequency of examples of grammatical convergence, in which the original grammar of Eastern Khanty replicates the grammar of the socially dominant Russian. These examples fall under various structural types, including: phonological disharmonies, auxiliary verb construction strategies, wordorder alternations, complex predicate splits, analytical imperatives, analytical conditionals, relativized and finite RC strategies. It is argued that all manifest structural innovations are induced by contact with Russian in the fully bilingual environment. Keywords: языковые контакты, переключение кодов, заимствования, грамматическая конвергенция, контактные инновации, восточные ханты, Сибирь | 1014 | |||||
| 246 | The article presents an overall picture of the direct contact between the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars and their northern neighbors – the Khanty of the Turtas and Demyanka rivers in a historical retrospective. The Tatar and the Khanty groups have conducted mutual visits for several centuries. The northern areas have been mainly of hunting and gathering interests to the Siberian Tatars, and the Khanty trips to the villages of the Middle Irtysh river aimed at trade and exchange, labor relations and the maintenance of social ties. The issue of these Turko-Ugric relations has not been discussed in ethnography prior to this. The authors have revealed the stages, supporting factors, connecting routes, places, forms and the circle of direct participants of the interaction. The research results have led to the hypothesis of the successive nature of the Tatar hunting rights in the Demyanka river area, inherited from the group of Middle Irtysh Khanty assimilated by them earlier. It is also assumed that between the second half of the 18th and early 19th century, the Khanty of the Yugan river, who came from the north, forced the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars into the periphery of the Demyanka hunting grounds after an open conflict. Traces of the previous history, among other things, are reflected in the local toponymy and folklore of both ethnic groups. Keywords: Kurdak-Sargat Tatars, indigenous peoples of the North, communication routes, watershed territories, interethnic interactions | 1014 | |||||
| 247 | Legal and regulatory culture is an important part of the cultural heritage of any people. Mongolian and wider – the Turkic-Mongolian peoples have ancient traditions of legal consciousness, which were formed in the context of the traditional culture of hunters, nomadic pastoralists, warriors. A special layer of the traditional legal and regulatory culture of nomads and hunters, impregnated with shamanistic views are magical devices and sacred objects. The totality of such items is quite wide and diverse – it included meteorites ("celestial arrows"), revered animals and parts of their bodies, different types of weapons. The complex of traditional representations, prohibitions, customs and rituals can be described as measures aimed at combating offenses and contributing to the protection of interests in the dispute of the parties. This article focuses on magic techniques and tools aimed at combating theft in a nomad environment. This offense was the most common in the nomadic tradition. In the cases of unauthorized by an official investigation and a public court of offenses magical methods were often used. Having lost hope for voluntary recognition, the victims publicly announced the performance of the rite. As a rule, fear of supernatural forces, exposed the criminal. Thus, religious beliefs had a significant impact on the current customs of the traditional legal system of the Buryats in the 19th century. The existence of this form of justice could be a consequence of the process of regressive development of law with the fall of the Mongolian empire, when many archaic ideas and rituals came to life. On the other hand, on the periphery of the Mongolian state, the magic in the regulatory and legal system could not lose its significance. Keywords: customary law, religious beliefs, theft, revered animals, wolf | 1014 | |||||
| 248 | The article, which is the first in the series on the topic, presents the results of the expeditions undertaken in 2016 to the Udmurts of Western Siberia. Based on the data collected, trends in the development of the ethno-cultural and linguistic situation in the region (Chainskiy district of Tomsk oblast) have been revealed, the current state of the national Udmurt culture and language have been described. The Udmurts, who migrated to the region following the Stolypin reform in 1910–1912, retained their ethnic identity for long, despite having few or no contacts with the main ethnic group in Udmurtia. The data obtained indicate that the use of the Udmurt language is decreasing: children, adolescents, young people (under the age of 40) do not speak Udmurt and do not know their ‘native’ culture. However, the efforts of both the local administration and enthusiastic residents have been reviving interest in the native language and culture among the population of the Udmurt settlements in Siberia. Keywords: The Udmurts, Tomsk oblast, culture, language, expedition materials | 1014 | |||||
| 249 | The description of the processes of language death is one of the most important problems in the study of endangered languages. This article highlights the current state of research on language death in Russia and abroad. The analysis of the dynamics of disintegration of small language forms in places of compact residence of German immigrants is of particular interest. On the basis of primary data, the paper proposes diagnosis of the processes of language death of the second type (involution) based on the example of the decay of German spoken forms used by the representatives of Russian Germans in the Tomsk region. Keywords: involution, language death, Russian Germans, German spoken forms, Russian-German bilingualism, enlarged intra-extralinguistic approach | 1012 | |||||
| 250 | This article deals with verbs of closing and opening in the Western local idioms of Khanty (the villages of Ovgort, Muzhi, Vosyahovo, Tegi). The data were collected during fieldwork. The Khanty material is considered within a broader typological investigation adopting the frame-based approach to lexical typology. I discuss the semantic distinctions in the domain concerned and the categorization of the basic frames, pointing out some dialectal variation. The asymmetry between the subdomains of closing and opening is also taken into account, as well as some metaphoric shifts accompanied by morphosyntactic changes. Keywords: Khanty, verbs of closing, verbs of opening, semantics, lexical typology | 1008 | |||||