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| 51 | The article considers common features of ethnocultural history and specifics of modern consciousness of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Cossack population of Siberia based on historical, ethnographic, ethnosociological, culturological, linguistic, museological and ethnopsychological materials. Often they are interconnected so closely that accurately it isn't possible to separate each ethnic component. The author investigates ethnic, regional, confessional, language, ethnocultural identity of modern east Slavs of Siberia. The author analyzes ethnocultural preferences of modern east Slavs (favourite dishes, products, drinks, holidays, proverbs and sayings), the existing ethnic stereotypes and ideas of the main traits of character of Russians, the Ukrainian, Belarusians, Cossacks. Separately interethnic interferences and marriage contacts are considered. East Slavs in Siberia kept many ethnic traditions brought from various places of an exit. Along with it, their culture was enriched with the new components borrowed from other people on the way to Siberia, from the native and living in this territory together with them ethnic groups, and also appeared as a result of adaptation and transformation of own extremely diverse traditions. Gradually, for many years of cohabitation in Siberia separate small distinctions in culture were gradually erased, the all-Siberian fragments of culture, including the general mentality were developed. Keywords: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Cossacks, Siberia, ethnocultural history, identity | 2098 | |||||
| 52 | The article deals with the traditional etiquette in the family and kinship relations of the Altai population in the Altai Republic basing on the author’s field studies. The study of conduct rules within the family provides an opportunity to identify the specifics of the spiritual culture of the Altaians, social life in the context of moral and ethic ideas and the etiquette for traditional culture. The article examines the symbolic significance of behaviour etiquette towards parents and between relatives: the relationship of uncle and nephew, the relationship between the children of sisters, which are based on archaic, shamanic, burkhanism ideas about the cult of ancestors, the cult of nature, magic words, the opposition «alien» «akin». There were revealed changes of conduct rules of family and family-related etiquette in terms of socio-economic and cultural factors of modern society: the custom of avoidance, relations with “umbilical” mother. Keywords: traditional culture, traditional etiquette, family and kinship etiquette, sacredness, vari-ability, stability, norms of behaviour | 2097 | |||||
| 53 | This paper explores the main features of development of ancient archaeological cultures of the extreme Northeast of Asia in the context of reconstruction of ethnogenetic processes in this region in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Based on researches of previous years and recent results the aim of the present study was to give the complex view of problems of ethnic identification of ancient cultures, reconstruction of the directions of migrations and episodes of ethnic interaction. The wide spread of the Beringian tradition could be associated with the «Ancient Paleosiberian» population, which largely became ancestral to many populations of the Holocene of the extreme Northeast Asia and North America, including Paleoeskimos, Neoeskimos and Chukotka-Kamchatkian clade, and appear as a common ancestor for Kets and Athabascans. Haplotype D2a'b of the mitochondrial genome, discovered in the burial on the lake Nozhyj (Trans-Baikal), may indicate carriers of the Kitoy tradition as a population associated with the Asian ancestors of the Paleoeskimo people. At least two large waves of the back migration from America to the extreme Northeast Asia since the Holocene were identified. Migration of the Paleoeskoimo and Aleutian groups is observed starting at ~3,500 cal. BP and expressed in the emergence of the Paleoeskimo tradition in Chukotka and the Tokarev culture in Northern Priokhotye. Starting at ~2,100 cal. BP the Neoeskimo populations expanded to Chukotka, which evinced in the development of Neoeskimo cultures of the Bering Sea. Keywords: Northeast Asia, archeological cultures, ethnogenesis, haplogroups, Beringian tradition, Sumnagin culture, Belkachi culture, Ymyyakhtakh culture, Tokarev culture, Paleoeskimos, Neoeskimos, Chukchi, Koryaks | 2097 | |||||
| 54 | The article deals with new sources for dating of famous sacral-industrial complex of the early Iron Age from Kizhirovo hillfort in the Tomsk Ob region. This complex is comprised of casting molds and cult vessels with drawings, stylistically close to Kulayka culture casting and engraving on bronze discs. The completeness of molds was verified in the study of the collection. The article presents the analogy with subjects casting in these forms. They have a typological conformity in products of era boundaries and first centuries AD in various regions of Siberia and the Urals. Some of the technological methods used in the forms apparently related to the Central Asian cultural tradition of the Han time. The accumulated information allows to hypothesize that sacral-industrial complex of Kizhirovo did not appear at an early stage of existence sites of Kulayka culture, as previously thought, but later – on Sarovka stage of that culture. Keywords: the early Iron Age, the Kulaika culture, Western Siberia, casting molds | 2089 | |||||
| 55 | The paper considers the issue of establishing and sustaining the double identity among young generation of German immigrants coming from ethnically blended Russian-German families who arrived in Germany from the CIS countries in the 1990-s during the fourth migration wave. Micro-historical approach is used in the study. The experience of successful integration of German immigrants into German society is studied. The work is centered on the data of field studies by means of in-depth interview methods and overt observations in 2014 in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It was revealed that respondents have the conception of inhomogeneity of German migrant community (according to the time of immigration – they differ from representatives of earlier immigration waves) and by acculturation strategies (assimilation, separation, integration), as well as they have understanding of specific nature of their paradigms compared to native Germans and their distinctiveness from Russians. The factors of establishing positive Russian-German identity can be defined as: cultural-historical migrants’ origins (memories of historical motherland, its culture and traditions), internal structures of immigrant community (Russian shops, restaurants, discos, Russian-language media and websites, etc.), as well as modern cultural reality of accepting German society. Adherence of young generation of German immigrants to Russian culture can be defined by essential level (saving native language and culture of ancestors) and instrumentalist level (Russian language skills as a condition for increased competitiveness on the German labor market). Regarding the German component of young immigrants’ identity both levels can be also defined: perception of adhesion to German people “by blood” and understanding that German language skills, adoption of norms and values of German society contributes to successful integration into accepting community. It was defined that the important mechanisms of sustaining Russian component of double identity are keeping strong family connections, marriage with representatives from German immigrants families, inclusion of children into traditions of Russian culture and orthodox church; keeping close relations with friends and relatives in Russia, etc. Formation of German component of identity occurs under the influence of socio-cultural environment of modern German society. The work reveals that immigrants under study live with the perception of their adherence to two different worlds, two cultures. Among young people there is strong belief that they have two motherlands – Russia and Germany (USSR). Keywords: migration, second (sesquialter) migrant generation, Russian-speaking German migrants, Germany, double identity, integration | 2067 | |||||
| 56 | This paper examines Sakha causative and passive, focusing on double-accusative causative and impersonal passive. With regard to Sakha causatives, it is pointed out that the case-marking of causee is related to the type of causation meant. Double-accusative causatives are possible in Sakha. Additionally, Sakha allows impersonal passives, which are derived from both transitive and intransitive clauses. The unexpressed agent in impersonal passives must be human. Double-accusative causative is impossible in most Turkic languages other than Sakha, but possible in almost all Tungusic languages. Therefore, it is highly probable that Sakha doubleaccusative causative has developed through contact with Tungusic languages. In contrast to double-accusative causatives, impersonal passives are not possible in Tungusic languages but found in other Turkic languages. Thus, it is unlikely that Sakha impersonal passives have developed through language contact. Keywords: Sakha, valence, double-accusative causative, impersonal passive, language contact | 2055 | |||||
| 57 | The paper aims to characterize religious paraphernalia of Umai and its role in the worldview and ritual practices of Khakass people. To achieve this goal, the following objectives are met: systematization of published and unpublished materials on the issue; classification based on the analysis of similarity and external signs of main constituent elements; review of their inclusion in the ritual practice. The chronological scope of the work covers the period from the end of XIX century to the second half of the XX century. The choice of these time limits is defined by the state of the source base on the study. The main sources are the literary, archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on a comprehensive, systematic and historical approach to the study of the past. The study uses historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, a concrete and historical relic. In spiritual life of Khakass, a special place was given to the cult of the goddess Umai. With the cult of the goddess Umai, Khakasses communicated ideas about women's life-affirming the beginning, and at the same time as a mighty god – patron of motherhood, whose sacred power focuses on fertility, birth of children, saving their lives and health, as well as providing them with a happy future. Such a significant role in the religious life of the people contributed to the wide dissemination of its religious paraphernalia. Things endowed with sacred status were diverse. They differed in external form and functional specificity. The ritual purpose of some of them was determined by the child's sex. However, they all had a generalized name, Umai. Of these, particularly identified are those that play the role of amulet, bow and arrow, a spindle, cowrie shells, buttons, navel-kin, etc. In addition, there were also fetishes tös’, anthropomorphic figures made of wood, bark and cloth. To venerate them, a special ritual was developed. It consisted of a prayer to the God of fertility and to the spirit of fire, as well as the offering of sacrifice, ritual food and feeding of the children. Moreover, a fairly common practice was to use not only a fetish, but also talismans, by sprinkling them and smearing with sacrificial meal. During various rites in family shrines, Umai can be employed both individually and collectively. This practice may indicate that in the religious consciousness of Khakasses, fetishes as mascots were equally endowed with a kind of divine energy and beneficial magical properties and often combines the features of each other. Therefore, shamans were involved in their manufacture and endowed them with spiritual power. They also performed the rites, the atoning sacrifice of this powerful goddess, which often prevented the theft of the soul of a child, as well as preventing its premature death. In the course of this rites and magical practices, they will certainly used as sacred objects. In the future, the whole ritual would have been performed either by the woman herself or her older cousin. Specifically important role in the cult of Umai was assigned to a ritual object Hara Umai. This was both a receptacle and the personification of the Black malicious spirit of Umai. In the general system of rituals, this was one of the very important instruments to overcome death and to celebrate life. Keywords: Khakasses, tradition, worldwiev, shamanism, Umai cult, rituals, charms, fetishes, tös’ | 2055 | |||||
| 58 | The aim of the work is to reveal the connection of the image of a bull with the idea of fertility in the culture of the Khakas. Proceeding from the goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze the folklore of this people and to introduce into scientific circulation new archival materials on the designated topic; to explore the semantic links of the image of this animal with the religious-mythological views about the life forces and fertility of domestic animals. The chronological scope of the work covers the late XIX – mid XX centuries. The choice of such time limits is caused, first of all, by the state of the source database on the research topic. The work is based on complex, system-historical approach to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, concrete historical analysis, structural-semantic and relict. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) in the Khakas culture the most important place is assigned to cattle. In the Khakas folklore, the image of Kok puga – the Blue Bull became widespread. In the mythopoetic tradition of the people, this horned animal embodied the center of vitality and fertility of livestock. Such a religious-magical attitude extended to the stone statue that personified it. At the same time, the cult practice of the Khakases, aimed at the development of cattle breeding, was not limited to honoring the sacred stone bull. In the world outlook and ritual of the Khakas, other traditional methods aimed at ensuring the well-being of people's economic activities, multiplying the livestock and protecting them, also spread. Among them, one should single out the sacred actions associated with the testicles of males, and various methods of retaining and ensuring the happiness of cattle, including tearing out pieces of wool from certain places of the animal, dedicating yzyh and blood sacrifices to various patron spirits and deities. In all the designated ritual practices, a large role was assigned to cattle and, in particular, bull/ox, a symbol of the masculine principle and strength, fertility, and the successful continuation of the life of the genus. Keywords: culture of Khakas, bull, Kok puga, cattle breeding, fertility, symbol, myth, rite | 2055 | |||||
| 59 | This article provides and overview of Key morphological traits in Ket and other Yeniseian languages (Kott, Yugh). It first identifies and describes several key features inherited from Proto-Yeniseian (polysynthetic prefixing verb structure, possessive prefixes, phonemic tones). Next it discusses other features that arose or were influence areally by prolonged contact with the surrounding suffixal agglutinating languages (case suffix systems, encliticization of possessive prefixes, repositioning of the finite verb’s semantic head toward the verb word’s leftmost edge). Finally, five morphological features are considered that appear to be anomalous from a typological perspective as they cannot be shown to have been inherited from Proto-Yeniseian in their present functions yet also cannot have arisen through language contact. The features in question are: thematic consonants occupying verb agreement slots, seemingly redundant plural suffixes on verbs, sporadic plural agreement suffixes on adjectives, sporadic pluractional markers on infinitives, and irregular ablaut noun plural formation). Each of these traits is shown to have arisen due to metathesis between originally labial and non-labial segments. In some cases, the metathesis triggered secondary morphological reanalysis, as when original adjectival or infinitival derivational suffixes were reinterpreted as plural or pluractional markers due to homonymy with a common noun plural suffix, or when an original thematic consonant in verbs was reinterpreted as the homonymous inanimateclass agreement marker when it metathesized into that marker’s morpheme position. Keywords: morphological typology, areal traits, Proto-Yeniseian, inherited traits, metathesis, reanalysis | 2028 | |||||
| 60 | The research studies features of the processes of settling and land use of the territory of the Uimon Valley by the Russian population with special regard to the usage of the lands for the agricultural purposes. The reflection on the historical experience of the ethnoecological adaptation is of much importance in the context of working out theoretical questions of the ethnocultural landscape, as well as defining strategies of rational usage of land resources in conditions of Siberia. The research is based on the field ethnographical materials of the author, collected in towns of Ust-Koksa District of the Altai Republic. The paper presents a dynamic picture of how the lands had been used in the end of XIX – the beginning of XXI centuries. The researcher determines particular location and management of different types of agricultural lands (plough-lands, hay-fields, pastures) in the Russian pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, and in modern time. Keywords: ethnocultural landscape, agricultural adaptation, agricultural lands, Uimon Old Believers, Gorny Altai | 2025 | |||||
| 61 | The bronze buckle from the burial mound Cherdashny Log III is a unique find for the early medieval Western Siberia. The authors give a detailed description of the plot with multiple characters, special attention is paid to the stylistic features characteristic of small plastics of the early middle ages. Further there is the emphasis on the position of a seated man in the center of the plaque. Apparently, the oriental sitting posture with the crossed legs is typical in numerous artifacts of the early iron period – a more archaic feature. This posture could be seen in the figures of warriors – heroes – kings, for example on the decorated coin from the female Sarmat burial, one of the Kobjakovskij mound (the outskirts of Rostov-on-Don), on the handle of a bronze mirror from the elite Sarmat burial mound оf the I cent. CE within the Sokolova burial on the southern Bug river, on the bone artifact originating from the Kalalygyr-2 settlement on the left-bank Khwarezm, on the coins of the Indosaka rulers Maues and Azes II (I cent. BCE – I century CE), on the coins of the Kushan kings Kudzhila Kadzif, Vim Kadzif and Khuvishki of the I–II cent. CE. These analogues testify to the Iranian roots of the central figure of the bronze buckle from the Chardshnyj Log III. There are also a set of analogues in the Celtic tradition. The paper analyses the semantics of the buckle from the Cherdashnyj Log. Based on this semantics the threeworld structure can be argued: the Upper, the Middle and the Lower world. Based on the burial inventory, the buckle itself originates from an elite burial event. One of the hypothesis regarding the buckle’s role – is the co-reference with the dead hero – the progenitor, demiurge – as a connecting element between the worlds. Keywords: middleages, early iron, Indo-Iranian world, bronze buckle, elite burial | 2020 | |||||
| 62 | The paper presents analysis of Internet resources describing the activity of Tomsk regional public organizations of Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians on preservation of their ethnocultural identity. The Polish diaspora of Tomsk is presented by websites of Tomsk regional non-profit organization “Center of Polish Culture ‘The House of Poles’” in the city of Tomsk, Tomsk national Polish center “White Eagle”, web-page of the Center of Polish Language and Culture of local nonprofit organization National Cultural Autonomy of the Poles of Tomsk “Tomsk Poloniya”. The data about Ukrainian and Belarusian diasporas in the city of Tomsk is given at the websites of regional non-profit organization “Center of Ukrainian Culture ‘Jerelo’” and regional non-profit organization “National Cultural Autonomy of Belarusians in Tomsk Region”. All the organizations can be found at the website of the Palace of Arts and Crafts “Avangard”. Most complete information on the Internet can be found about the activity of Polish organizations. The given internet resources present the basis for demonstration, reproduction and building of ethnocultural identity of the mentioned diasporas. The images of traditional folklife culture contributing to actualization of the image of ethnical “friend” play an important role in the structure of ethnical representation. Linguistic means (greetings in native language, nominatives, etc.), visual images (traditional ethnic costumes, household items, dishes of traditional cuisine, symbolic of national holidays and celebrations) are used as markers and ethnocultural symbols. Great significance is given to preservation and modeling of historical memory, appeal to the general historical past and historical motherland is realized. Large attention is paid to active involvement of diasporas members into cultural events of organizations (advertizing language courses of mother tongue, music and theatre festivals, traditional holidays, etc.). Identity of Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk as presented on the Internet is formed selectively and it largely depends on the nature of organization activity, professional orientation and interests of their leaders. Keywords: Slavic diasporas, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians, national cultural unions of the Slavs, ethnocultural identity, internet of Tomsk | 2014 | |||||
| 63 | Many Siberian scientists are of great interest to the problem of determining the ethnic affiliation of such groups of the Russian population as “moskals” and “Ukrainians”. Under these ethnonyms in ethnographic literature was understood Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian population. A number of researchers came to the conclusion that the ethnonym “Ukrainians” can be used, not only in relation to the Siberian Ukrainians, but also Russians, natives of the southern Russian villages living on response with Ukrainians and allocated to the special language features of culture. The ethnonym “Katsap” was probably used in relation to the Russian immigrants from the southern Russian provinces. The article presents a brief overview of the data obtained in 2013 as a result of historical and ethnographic expedition to Kamensky district of the Altai Territory. The descendants of immigrants of Kursk, defining their ethnicity called themselves “ordinary Ukrainians”, noting the great similarity in the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians. Descendants of Russian old residents and migrants from other southern provinces called them the “moskals”. The main attention is paid to differential factors and markers that distinguish a group of descendants of immigrants of Kursk from Russian and Ukrainian (language, eating habits). Keywords: Altai, Russian, moskals, Ukrainians, ethnicity, identity | 2014 | |||||
| 64 | This article describes one of the most important stages in the development of the reindeer breeding in Chukotka. The chronological scope of the study dates back to the late XIX – the first half of the XX centuries. This period is of special research interest due to the fact that at the turn of XIX–XX centuries and up to the first third of the XX century the Chukchi reindeer breeding developed on a traditional basis. Then under the influence of the political and economic changes breaking of the traditional management in the environment of the indigenous peoples of the North-East occurred. The paper presents statistical data on the number of deer herds in different years, the descriptions of reindeer herders’ roaming places, information about their adoption to the settled way of living. With the economic structure changes social relations in the herders' environment began to change. At the same time the new principles of zoning and organization of deer farms were not linked to the traditional environmental management system and family relationships. A serious interference in the centuries-old culture had led to the significant changes in the Chukchi reindeer herders’ lifestyle, changes in the system of values, significant socio-cultural changes that led to the results of regressing. The authors consider one of the dramatic episodes in the history of the country – the period of collectivization, its specific and consequences for the reindeer population of Chukotka. We use a wide range of sources and literature – archival materials, oral evidences (memory of the indigenous people of Chukotka), field notes, records and proceedings of party workers, land managers, historians, anthropologists and other scientists. Keywords: The indigenous peoples of Chukotka, Chukchi, A traditional reindeer herding, Nomadic routes, Nomadic culture, Collectivization, The creation of the collective farm system | 2013 | |||||
| 65 | The author of the article considered problems of formation and development of Russian Orthodox Church in the territory of the province Xinjiang. One of the reasons hindering the penetration of active orthodox life in the region was the lack of missionary work in Xinjiang, as in neighboring areas of Russia orthodox population was in the minority. Also development of orthodoxy in the region directly depended on the presence in the province of the Russian population. In this regard it is obviously important to track the main waves of resettlement of Russians to the province. The first news of Russians in Xinjiang belong to 1850. The most mass resettlement of Russians on the territory of the province to come to the period of Civil war in Russia. A significant influx of Russian population also applies to the period of collectivization in Russia, and as a result of the exodus of peasants from the country. The orthodox church became the main spiritual center for the Russian people who lost the homeland. Such cities of Xinjiang as, Kuldzha, Urumqi, Chuguchak became the main centers of orthodoxy. The organization of continuous church services in the cities of the province, depended on the presence of the priest in it. “Cultural revolution” in China had a great influence on development of orthodox life. It was during this period in China, and Xinjiang in particular, pursued any kind of religious activity. Keywords: Xinjiang, russian diaspora, orthodox church | 2011 | |||||
| 66 | In the culture of the peoples of Eurasia, there is a game of alchiki, also known as a game of dice, dice, etc. The purpose of the article is to study the geography of the distribution of dice games and its comparative analysis. The research materials were historical and ethnographic works, folklore collections, materials of painting and sculpture were used. Two methods of work were used — comparative-comparative and historical-geographical. To carry out a comparative analysis, the concept of a game plot is introduced — an element that forms the structure of a game and a sequence of rules for conducting. Game plot is a universal concept, and we make it a unit for comparing elements of culture. The historical-geographical approach identifies geographical boundaries. The game equipment consisted of the joint bones of small animals. The agreed number of dice was put on the game, the players knocked them out with the main dice — the bat. The bones that fell on the «right» side were taken by the winner. The earliest archaeological evidence goes back to the third millennium BC (Ur dynasty). The dice game was known throughout Eurasia from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, from the Kola Peninsula to Asia Minor. One episode recorded in North America. The game was extremely popular among the pastoralists of Eurasia, as well as in the Caucasus; in Central Asia, children and adult men took part in it. The exclusively masculine character of the game and the punishment for losing allow us to assert the origin of the game from the ritual. It has been hypothesized that such a game plot could have appeared from a rite that appeared during the period of animal domestication. Recordings of the game among peoples living at a distance from the Eurasian belt of the steppes and not directly related to sheep breeding — allow us to trace possible contacts in antiquity, to the development of modern territories of settlement. Keywords: game, game plot, dice game, mapping, semantics, ethnocultural relations | 2011 | |||||
| 67 | The paper opens a cycle of articles concerned to the emergence and development of multilingualism of peoples inhabited Kolyma-Alazeia tundra, the region where Yukaghir, Even, Chukchi, Yakut and Russian areas intersected. One of these peoples will be a starting point of investigation in each article of the cycle. The starting point of this paper is Chukchi, their arrival to the area mentioned, their contacts with neighbours, the languages they spoke. The pasture areas of Chukchi in the late 19th to the early 20th centuries were discovered on base of the sources (works of anthropologists, travelers, missionaries). As a result, the area in Kolyma-Alazeia tundra inhabited by Chukchi was in the first time mapped in every detail. Besides, the places where Chukchi contacted to the neighboring peoples and languages probably used there were specified. One of the important places for contacts were seasonal fairs which were mapped as full as possible. The evaluation of the data led to the conclusion that in the Western part of the area the Chukchi were multilingual despite the fact that they possessed large reindeer herds and hold higher economic position comparing to other inhabitants of the region discussed. In the same time, that in the Eastern part of the area the Chukchi kept traditional monolingualism and often did not speak even Russian, using Chukchi-Russian jargon to communicate to the Russian-speaking population. The possible reasons for emergence of multilingualism in the Western area were large amount of interethnic marriages and the fact that many Evens and Yukaghirs sought to live near or with the rich Chukchi. The eastern monolingualism was apparently supported by close contacts with Chukchi of “Chukotskaya zemlitsa” predominantly monoethnic area. The exact situation in some interjacent areas is not quite clear due to scarcity of sources. Keywords: multilingualism, Chukchi language, historical sociolinguistics, language maps, Kolyma- Alazeia tundra | 2004 | |||||
| 68 | In article is represented the result of the analysis of a place of an accent in Vasjugan dialect on the archive collected by L. I. Kalinina in the 50–60th years of the XX century. It appeared that the rule of accent place depends on a part of speech. In verbs and pronouns the accent is paradigmatic, and its place depends on affix type. In names the accent is fixed on the first or second syllable. Accent fixing for certain vowels, probably, happened for a long time when vowels of the first syllable in east dialects still kept Proto Khant quality. If in the first syllable of the word were narrow vowels, the accent became fixed on the second syllable, in other cases – on the first syllable. Thus, the Vasjugan system of an accent has unique character: in a name and a verb two various types of an accent are presented: in a verb – paradigmatic, in a name – fixed depending on phonemic structure of a word form. Keywords: Vasjugan dialect, accent, language history, phonetic, archive data | 2001 | |||||
| 69 | This article deals with the semantic and functional features of phraseological units that occur in the texts of the Karachay-Balkar Nart epic. The phraseological units of Karachay-Balkar epic discourse have a high degree of anthropocentricity. They contain information about the national-specific features of the perception of reality, and accurately convey and show the specificity of the national character. Most «epic» phraseological units are oriented to the representation of various relevant concepts such as time, thinking, speech, etc. Some phraseological units in the epic texts represent the physiological state of a person, the age features of a person, the state of the environment, and the phraseological units of the relational plan expressing the idea of a relationship are also of interest. The words included in them, mainly somatisms and verbal lexemes, contribute to the reflection of a certain segment of the phraseological model of the world, which is part of the linguistic picture of the world. Keywords: nart epic, somatisms, phraseology, anthropocentrism, localizer | 2000 | |||||
| 70 | The article considers the etymology of the exclamation blin-ta-ta used as a dialogue opening phrase in the active children's game of “red rover” type and as the name of this game. The formation of game terminology in multilingual environment of the polyethnic region is demonstrated, as well as the phenomena of semantisation and re-semantisation (semantical adaptation) in game terminology. A hypothesis is stated for the formation of a semi-semantic exclamation blin-ta-ta through a sequence of changes, distortions in a child's folklore of the misunderstood phrase of another's language: Russian and Udmurt blin-ta-ta(-ta) ~ Udmurt mil’ym tu tataj ~ Udmurt mynta-tutaj *mynda tətəj ' this way, sister' (Tatar dialect). Such a reconstruction of the original phrase is correlated with the fact of reference to the "girl", "sister" in other dialogues in similar Udmurt and Chuvash games. Thus, becomes obvious the substrate origin of the dialogue opening phrase (blin-ta-ta) in Russian and Udmurt game folklore from Tatar, which also correlates with the fact and traditional areas of resettlement of Tatars in the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region. Keywords: child language, desemantisation, game folklore of Volgo-Kama district, languages in contact, language substratum, semantisation and re-semantisation, Turkic languages, Finno-Ugric languages, folk games | 1991 | |||||
| 71 | In traditional cultures, a woman performs a number of social roles, such as a keeper of the hearth, a caring mother and a wise grandmother. The culture of the Khanty people is no exception. In this article, an attempt is made to identify and describe the national and cultural features of the image of the woman in the Khanty language, literature and culture, reflecting different ideas about the woman existing in the minds of the carriers of the Khanty language. The main features of the Khanty woman are a strongwilled character, the paramount importance of the well-being of the family, the knowledge and respect of one's culture, the mastery of any ethnic skill that can later be passed on to the children. There have been identified and analyzed numerous lexical nominations and the corresponding image associations that conceptualize image under study in the consciousness of Khanty language speakers. Keywords: image, woman, metaphorization, oral folk art, national features | 1984 | |||||
| 72 | The paper analyzes indigenous multilingualism in the north-eastern part of the lower Yenisei area from the 1930s to the 1970s (Tajmyr peninsula, Siberia, Russia). The data used for this study are sociolinguistic interviews performed by the author in 2017 with children and grandchildren of those representatives of indigenous peoples of Tajmyr who were adults in the given period. Ethnolinguistic history of the area is described for the last 200 years in order to provide a general background for understanding patterns of multilingual practices, in particular all ethnic migrations are analyzed from the point of view of their reasons and their sociolinguistic consequences. Contacts between Northern Samoyedic peoples – the Tundra Enets, the Tundra Nenets, and the Nganasans – are portrayed in details, with particular attention to language repertoires, to contexts of usage of each language, and to all attested changes to them with time. Besides, linguistic ideologies typical for the area are commented on, including their interconnection to other sociolinguistic factors involved. As a result, common local sociolinguistic patterns are posited: those that are recurrently attested in several Tajmyrian locations. First, in all cases all adults could speak the language of the ethnic majority of the area, and most adults could understand all other indigenous languages of the area; furthermore, active command of other languages could be conditioned by details of an individual’s biography. Second, the main language used within a nuclear family was usually the language of the ethnic majority of the area, regardless the ethnic identity of the parents; the native language of (one of) the parents, if different from the language of the ethnic majority, was usually used for codified interactions with other adults: e.g. when receiving guests or paying visits. The methodology of this study is discussed in details with the idea of its reproducibility in other areas of Siberia. Keywords: sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, history of Siberia, multilingualism, language contacts, Tajmyr, Tundra Enets, Tundra Nenets, Nganasans, methodology of fieldwork | 1979 | |||||
| 73 | The author of article considered specifics of use of folklore in concert and scenic practice of Belarus. She revealed a range of approaches to a scenic embodiment of folklore which varies from the minimum scenic adaptation of the traditional primary source before its cardinal transformation. This art phenomenon is defined by the author as a performing folklorizm which represents the independent direction of art creativity within which the scenic embodiment of folklore is carried out by performing means of theatrical, choreographic and musical art. The specifics of a performing folklorizm in Belarus at different stages of this development was considered in this article. The origin of a performing folklorizm as art phenomenon in Belarus belongs to the end of the XIX century. The performing creativity focused on folklore evolved actively in blighty scenic practice for more than hundred years. The history of performing folklorizm in Belarus have been developing in the context of all cultural history of Belarus but it has some specifics. The author allocated and considered some characteristics of five periods of its development: origin (the 1890s – 1917); registration as independent scenic phenomenon (1917 – mid 1950s); setting style of “the academic nationality” (mid 1950s – the 1960s); stylistic updating (1970 – the 1980s); statement of a stylistic variety with preservation of steady positive dynamic of development (since the 1990s to the present time). Keywords: implementation on folklorism, concert and scenic practice, stage realization of folklore | 1978 | |||||
| 74 | Yukaghirs are a very small Northern people, their number is only 1603 people (according to the all-Russian census of 2010). The article describes the process of studying the musical folklore of two preserved local groups of Yukaghirs: Oduls (Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs) and Vaduls (Lower Kolyma Yukaghirs). The first account of the musical culture of the Yukaghirs appear in the works of travelers and missionaries, participants of expeditions of the 18–19 centuries, who studied the Kolyma region (F. F. Matyushkin, S. I. Mickiewicz, M. S. Vrutsevich, A. E. Dyachkov, V. G. Bogoraz). The works by V.I. Iohelson contain extensive ethnographic, linguistic and folklore materials on Oduls, which have a significant importance for researching the Yukaghirs musical culture. V.I. Iochelson described pictographic inscriptions on birch bark which are called changar shorile and related to the song tradition. In the 20th century, the works of E. A. Kreinovich were significant for the study of Yukaghir culture. A. N. Laptev published a number of folklore texts collected in 1959 by the expedition of USSR’s Academy of Science. Choreographer M. Ya. Zhornitskaya describing circular and imitative dances based on the field materials collected in 1959 and 1964. Yukaghir music became an object of research from 1960s, when composers and musicologists G. A. Grigoryan, E. Ye. Alekseev, G. N. Komrakov began to record examples of musical folklore and study them. In 1973, I. A. Brodsky recorded melodies of musical and dance folklore, gathered several musical instruments and instrumental tunes, made a primary theoretical analysis of intonation practice. T. S. Shentalinskaya in 1982 collected samples of song and lyrical improvisations (andylschina), characteristic for Russian old inhabitants and Yukaghirs of the Lower Kolyma. Since 1980s, T. I. Ignatieva and Yu. I. Sheykin have been working on the collection and publication of musical folklore of Yukaghirs. In the 1980s and 1990s, recordings of Yukaghir folklore were made by K. Tanimoto and T. Miller. Linguist S. Ode using their own field materials 1990–2000s studied recitative melodies in the tales of Yukaghir. The unique musical culture of the Yukaghirs belongs to the disappearing musical and folklore traditions and needs to be studied urgently. Keywords: Indigenous Northern peoples, Yukaghirs, Oduls, Vaduls, music, musical folklore | 1978 | |||||
| 75 | The feature of the polish communities in Siberia in the XIX century was a significant amount of the polish exiled who rendered great value practically on all aspects of life of the region. The polish link to Altai in the XIX century was a component of the siberian exile used as one of the most widespread repressive measures of the government against participants of revolutionary liberation movement in Russia. The article on the basis of a wide range of sources (archival materials, help and periodicals) and literature considers the polish exiled, participants of the polish national liberation movement, members of Society of military friends in Bialystok Ivan Vysotsky, Karl and Felix Ordynskiye, who were in exile in Ust-Kamenogorsk were first of which. Despite limitation of the available data, questions of number, the places of residence, financial position and living conditions, an occupation, influence on life of the region of the banished participants of November revolt of 1830–1831, the polish liberating organizations of the end of the 1830th – the beginning of the 1840th found reflection in work. Activity of exiled of roman catholic priests of Anthony Ankudovich in Kuznetsk, Pavel Shishko, who founded the first private school in Biysk is shown. In article it is indicated the fact of serving of punishment in Altai (in the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress, then in Biysk the district of the Smolensk volost) Alexander Levitsky. The considered material allows to draw a conclusion that the stay of the polish exiled in the 20th – the 50th of the XIX century in Altai is a component of history of formation of the polish community in Siberia. Undoubtedly, further researches will add already available data on life in exile of these people that will promote a reconstruction of a full picture of stay of poles in Altai and in general in Siberia. Keywords: Altai, E. I. V. Office, polish political exiled, Society of military friends, revolt, сatholic clergy | 1965 | |||||
| 76 | The article studies phonetic peculiarities of Tuvan pharyngealized vowels in the speech of Tuvan reindeer herders living in Tsagaan-Nuur, Mongolia. The study analyzes acoustical processes in word stems, in the grammatical forms of words of Tuvan reindeer herders and compares them with their equivalents (with pharyngealized vowels) in the Tuvan literary language. Also the Tofalar language and other Tuvan dialects were used to compare them. There were reviewed linguistic units with sound combinations “nonpharyngealized vowel with a strong aspirate”, “nonpharyngealized vowel with medial intervocalic-pharyngeal [h]”, “nonpharyngealized vowel with postvocal aspirated consonant with overtones [h] in excursus”. Keywords: tuvan language, speech of Tuvan reindeer-breeders, pharyngealized vowels, nonfaringalizied vowels, strong aspirated consonants, postvocalic consonants, medial-intervocalic consonants, intervocalic consonants, aspirated consonants | 1961 | |||||
| 77 | Article raises the main questions connected with variability of language on the example of functioning of Spanish in the territory of the Mexican peninsula Yucatan. A language variation as process of linguistic change in itself is very difficult and subject to influence of a set of factors, often from each other not the dependent. In each certain Latin American country formation of the literary standards of Spanish happened differently. Spanish of Mexico and, in particular, the peninsula Yucatan – one of unique language educations not only because it is the largest Spanish-speaking country, but also a place where the stable all-Spanish kernel and dialect features caused by identity of the Mexican culture organically coexist. Spanish of Mexicans is national option of Spanish since compliance to functions of national option is peculiar to it: a rank official, existence of national literary norm, the status native for absolute number of inhabitants, performance of full volume of public functions and language and culture specifics. Spanish in the territory of the peninsula Yucatan significantly differs from norms of the Mexican national option of Spanish and has similarity with Cuban, Andalusia, Argentina, Verakruz. Also that the Maya language is now one of languages on which speaks the population of the peninsula Yucatan owing to what the Spanish informal conversation included many words from the Maya language. Considerable changes at the phonetic, grammatical and lexical levels are noted. Keywords: language variability, dialect, social status of Spanish, standard of the speech, Mexican national option of Spanish, peninsula Yucatan | 1960 | |||||
| 78 | On the basis of author's field materials and church rules of the Kormchy book, the paper deals with the subject of matrimonial relations at conservative-bespopovtsy (pomorets) living in the Ust-Tsilemsky district of the Komi Republic. The paper describes the analysis of local terminology describing male and female genitals, the variability of designations of coition which was defined by peasant understanding about process from a position of estimated judgment as an "just" and "injust" business; the traditional poetry of fostering of children contacting identification of a floor and "opening" of genitals of babies. Special attention is paid to the birth of illegitimate children which was explained by ignoring by conservatives of church wedding, compared to defilement of life, being considered as immeasurably great sin, than carnal intercourse in "anti-christian time". Keywords: Russians, Old Believers, matrimonial relations, fostering of children, illegitimate children, rites | 1943 | |||||
| 79 | This paper focuses on linguistic categorization which involves the study of roles of various linguistic items in the process of categorization of the world. Metaphor plays a significant role in categorization of the world as it manifests the process of thinking. G.Lakoff and M.Johnson made a major contribution to the development of the theory of categorization and designed the theory which offers a consistent description of metaphor as a cognitive mechanism and demonstrates a potential in applied studies. Each metaphor has a source domain, which is concrete and athropocentric, and a target domain. In this paper the functioning of metaphors is discussed based on the data of Selkup, one of the indigenous languages of Siberia, in which man and body parts are the most common source domain. The theory of schemas developed by G. Lakoff is one of the foundatations of cognitive linguistics. G. Lakoff focuses on the following conceptual schemas: container, partwhole, source-path-goal. In the present paper the functioning of these schemas is discussed based on Selkup data. The Selkup data show that anthropocentrism is characteristic of the language and human body is the main source domain for metaphorical expressions. This project has two prospects for further research. On the one hand, it is the study of anthropomorphic metaphors – linguistic expressions which are drawn from the source domain of human body and emotions. On the other hand, the Selkup language contains a great number of naturomorphic metaphors the source domain for which constitute animals and plants. Keywords: cognitive linguistics, conceptual schema, metaphor, Selkup language | 1939 | |||||
| 80 | The article deals with different aspects of language interaction in a group of neighboring languages in the Akhvakh district of Daghestan, in particular Karata, Tukita, Tad-Magitl’ and Tlibisho (this zone later referred to as Karata cluster). The villages of the Karata cluster are all located within a short walking distance of 30–120 min from each other, in all four villages different languages are spoken: Karata, Tukita, Akhvakh and Bagvalal respectively. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected during a fieldtrip in March 2018 as part of a longterm project focussing on neighbor multilingualism in highland Daghestan. The research employed the method of retrospective family interviews. Respondents were interviewed about their language repertoire and the repertoire of their close relatives that they remembered, which enabled the researchers to conclude which languages were used in the interaction between neighboring villages before the Russification and which languages are used today. We found out that interaction between neighboring villages employed and still employs Avar, that is, the lingua franca model is the common strategy in the Karata cluster. Today more than 90% of the population of the four villages concerned have command of Avar, which is different from many other areas of highland Daghestan. In other parts of Daghestan the most common model for neighbor interaction was the use of a language of one of the neighbors (asymmetrical bilingualism). Symmetrical bilingualism (when both sides have command of each other’s languages) and lingua franca were less common. Whereas the level of Avar language is high, the level of active multilingualism in the languages of Karata cluster remains low. Passive knowledge of the neighboring languages is more wide-spread. We also found out that passive knowledge is asymmetrical for several reasons, which are discussed in the article. A suggestion is put forward that the level of understanding of neighboring languages is not only dependent on the genetic affinity of the languages but also on the direction of socio-economic contact. Similar to other regions of Daghestan, the command of Russian has grown in Karata, however, unlike in many other places, Avar as a lingua franca has not yet been displaced by Russian. Keywords: Daghestan, multiligualism, lingua franca, Avar language, Russian language, bilingualism, Karata language, Akhwakh language, Bagvalal language | 1937 | |||||
| 81 | The present article is devoted to the identification and analysis of standard phrases that reflect the time in the Khakass folklore texts, in particular in the texts of folk tales and heroic tales. Despite the fact that folk tales and heroic sagas belong to different genres of folklore, the authors were able to identify similar meaning, reflect a long time in folk texts. In the analysis of these sentences the focus of the authors was drawn to the frequency of use of standard phrases, pairs of adverbs in the folklore texts, also for the variable use of certain structures. The main result of this article is to define the means of expressing the category of time in the Khakass folklore texts. Keywords: category of time, Khakas folklore texts, standard phrases, adverbs | 1934 | |||||
| 82 | The work is the result of investigations of the author of the problems of nonclassical anthropology. The author proposes introduction to a new field of interdisciplinary investigations and projects – anthropoetics. It is a centaurnotion, consisting of two parts, subject elaborations. The first is elaborating nonclassical anthropology, the building of the new ontology of human being in the situation of shift of ontological identity. The second is the elaboration of the autopoesis method, describing practices of transformation of human being. Keywords: anthropoetics, autopoesis, cultural practices, anthropology, anthropotechnique, anthropopractice | 1932 | |||||
| 83 | Kulemzin V. M. . // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 125-128 . | 1925 | |||||
| 84 | The research project deals with the analysis and description of the semantic category of location and motion in the Ket language using the approach advanced in the framework of the Theory of Functional Grammar as advanced by A. V. Bondarko and his research team. The investigation uses a notion of locative construction which includes three basic components: the object being localized (Figure, in L. Talmy’s notation), the reference object, or landmark (Ground) and spatial relations between the former and the latter. The semantic types of locative constructions based on the static and dynamic types of spatial relations, and topological and non-topological characteristics of spatial relations have been distinguished. The analysis of the basic language means of expressing spatial relations in Ket which include lexical items (motion and posture verbs, locative adverbs), grammatical items (case markers, locative postpositions), incorporated, and syntactic means (simple and polypredicative clauses) has been done. The research project examines the locational and directional markers on the components of static and dynamic spatial situations which include case markers, locative postpositions and adverbs differentiating essive, allative, elative and prolative meanings. The idioethnic specificity of marking spatial relations has been shown. The specificity consists in double subject marking of motion verbs, possibility of deriving transitive causative motion verbs from the corresponding intransitive motion verbs by adding one more subject agreement slot containing a subject marker which is co-referent with the subject marker of the original intransitive verb, the availability of incorporated motion verbs, аmong others. The notion of the non-verbal predicate as understood by Kees Hengeveld is proposed to be applied to the Ket material. The principal means of marking non-verbal predicates which involve personal and non-personal predicative suffixes are considered. The classification of the structural types of non-verbal locative predicates has been accomplished. As a result, the personal-predicative and non-personal-predicative predicates have been identified. The former are represented by substantive, substantive-postpositional, pronominal, pronominal-postpositional, adverbial predicates as well as some spatial nouns, and the latter – only by substantive-postpositional predicates. Keywords: Ket language, Theory of functional Grammar, static situations, dynamic situations, different-level means of coding spatial relations, non-verbal predicates | 1916 | |||||
| 85 | The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act. Keywords: khakass language, Turkic languages, verb, visual perception, meaning | 1914 | |||||
| 86 | This article discusses the traditions and innovations in the wedding of the Ukrainian population in the rural villages of the Altai Territory during the XX century. One of the most stable components of spiritual culture, an example of which in a certain historical time period can be traced to the degree of preservation of traditions and the emergence of innovation, a wedding ritual. During the 1910–1960s the wedding of Ukrainians of the Altai Territory was exposed to various influences, resulting in a transformation of the traditional wedding ceremony, namely the introduction of elements of novation. Keywords: Ukrainian rural population, Altay, wedding rituals, traditions, innovations | 1902 | |||||
| 87 | The article is devoted history of creation and subsequent study of the archive of V. N. Chernetsovone of the first scientists in the country, who carried out the filming of the bear festival in 1948 at Ob Mansi (Veǯakora local group on the Gornaya river Ob) and the Northern group of the Khanty Kazym river. Based on the study of archive films preserved in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberia at Tomsk state University (TSU MATS), the conclusion about the uniqueness of this historic source of information and the need to be equal to the intangible cultural heritage of the peoples of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Keywords: film archive V. N. Chernetsov, bear festival, filmmaking, ethnographic expeditions | 1895 | |||||
| 88 | The article studies the eagle totem in Yakut and Buryat mythology. The aim of the article is to establish the connection of the totem cult with the social organization of society, the presence of a single totem indicates the tribal organization of society. The objectives of the article can be considered the study of information about the veneration of the eagle in the Yakut and Buryat mythological culture. The relevance of the article is shown in the fact that the information about the archaic totemic cult is compared with modern rites and folklore texts. The study of totemic beliefs refers to the study of the pre-religious state of society. The novelty of the article is the use of research methods of foreign anthropologists in the study of the totemic beliefs of the Sakha. The research method is comparative. The materials and results. The ideas of the Sakha people about the eagle (the sun — the creator — the regenerator of nature, the bringer of fire, the eagle and the cosmic egg, the eagle and shamanism, the eagle and the world tree) are universal. Mythological ideas associated with the Eagle and the Sun is universal and goes back to the deepest antiquity. Interesting parallels with the Yakut and Buryat ideas are found in the mythology of the Scandinavia peoples and in the religious cults of ancient Egypt. It is showing the commonality of mythological ideas. In the Sakha religious beliefs, the Eagle occupies a key position. The cult of the eagle is associated with the Khangalas family, but according to the materials of G. F. Miller, it was considered its patron by the Khorins and Batulians. Moreover, in folklore texts, the terms horo and Hotoi — eagle are compared. In Buryat folklore the Eagle is the owner of the Olkhon and the totem bird of the Ekhirit tribe of the Upper Lena, in the old days it was a revered bird among the Khorin people. Totem beliefs belong to the oldest cults. They are characteristic of societies that have not begun to create their own state-hood, a primitive tribal community. Primitive families believed in their origin from the revered bird and personified themselves with it. Keywords: religious beliefs, shamanism, mythology, ethnography, Yakut studies, totemism, eagle | 1895 | |||||
| 89 | This article examines the funeral Chukchi traditions that have survived to the present time. Many scientists believed that archaic forms of funerals would give way to a modern unified ritual. However, in some national villages of Chukotka people are still buried by burning or leaving the dead body on a hill or in an open area; modern funeral rites are also often associated with some elements of traditional culture. The authors consider the worldview associated with death, the attitude to death in the Chukchi and neighboring ethnic groups. For a comparative analysis of the rites occurring in different years, the authors give descriptions of the funeral rites by scientists and travelers of the XVIII–XX centuries. Existing ritual practices in modern Chukchi culture are represented by the following methods of burial of the dead: burning, leaving the body in the open air, laying the body with stones, burial "in Russian". Among the traditional burial practices, the most common is the ritual of burning. Moreover, in the village of Vaegi of Anadyr districts the funeral "in Chukchi" is the most preferable for residents. The exceptions are the cases when the spouses and close relatives of the representatives of other nationalities can not do the will of the dead in the ceremony of burning. Other traditional methods of burial are few but still occur in the village of Ilirney (Iultinsky district), Rytkuchi village (Chaunsky district), in some villages of Anadyr and Chukotka district. Surveys of residents showed that most often "in Chukchi" they bury the old people, who voiced their will during his lifetime, or "tundra-people" engaged in traditional farming away from the villages. It should be noted that nowadays few informants could describe the ritual as a whole, many people know the order of ritual acts, but cannot disclose their meaning. The funeral rites are frequently held in a "truncated" version (once the mandatory manipulations with the dead are no longer produced, for example, tendons cut, "open" chest, etc.). In rural areas, there are still experts who own traditional burial practices. They participate in the preparation and conduct of the rite, teach the younger generation to conduct rituals. Keywords: Chukchi, traditional culture, traditional funeral rites, rite of burning, elements of funeral rite | 1885 | |||||
| 90 | The shelomok culture was widespread on the territory of Tomsk Priobye in VI–IV cc. b.c.e. It was closely related to cultures of scythian-siberian world: Greater Black Sea area and its Asian part. All these manifested itself in similar forms of weapon items, horse munitions, as well as availability of items typical of other cultures of scythian world: pazyryk, tagarsk culture, sacs of Kazakhstan. Art of scythian-siberian world is characterized by relief and volume pieces of animals’ figures. This article reviews only bronze hollow figures of roe deers from Tomsk Priobye and China. Authors suppose this form in volume version came from East: China, indirectly through other territories. Such figures are present in materials of tagarsk culture in minimum quantity. Probably, the way from China passed through the territory of Khakass-Minusinsk basin, then, in a modified form they came to Tomsk Priobye. Keywords: archeology, bronze figures, early Iron Age, cultural ties, settlement, ritual | 1879 | |||||
| 91 | The paper is aimed at reconstructing one episode of the Selkup family’s life captured by a photograph one hundred years ago. The analysis is based on photographs of the Selkups from the Tym River taken by the renowned Finnish scholar Kai Donner in 1912, and from the records of parish registers of XIX–XX centuries. During his tour of Siberia in 1911–1914, K. Donner reached Kalguak yurts down the Ob river, then went to Napas up the Tym River and got to Makovskoye village down the Ket river. He also made a number of other short-term trips to Siberian towns and settlements of indigenous minorities. The scientist collected extensive materials on ethnography and linguistics of indigenous peoples of Siberia.We present the possibilities of implementing the method of reconstructing the sequence of the events based on the episode of the life of a wellknown Selkup shaman family of Karlyguin from the Tym river. The contemporary world with the advancing globalization steadily destroys unique cultures of indigenous minorities. Therefore, materials of ethnographic expeditions from previous centuries are becoming increasingly important and valuable. Keywords: Kai Donner, the Selkups, the Karlygin’s family, photographs, records from parish registers | 1877 | |||||
| 92 | The article is based оn the insufficiently studied field data of the vocabulary materials, collected by the Toponymic Field Team of the Ural Federal University in 1968–1971 from Upper Lozva’s and Upper Sosva’s Mansi raindeer herdsmen in the Northern Ural Mountains. Now the speakers of the Upper Lozva version of the northern Mansi dialect no longer practice raindeer herdsmanship, and the number of such speakers is continuously decreasing. Therefore, it becomes especially important to pay attention to the lexical data reflecting the state of the northern dialects of the Mansi language of the second half of the XX century. Mansi vocabulary presented in the field materials of expeditions covers almost all the conceptual sphere. A reflection of the stability of the northern Mansi’s lexical stock and its development, as well Mansi’s increasing familiarity with the civilization realities. The article presents the changes in semantic volume of the Mansi lexemes, the features of lexical-derivational variation, the semantics and ways of creating the neologisms. Keywords: Mansi vocabulary, second part of XX century, field research, new lexical materials, the development of Mansi language | 1874 | |||||
| 93 | We consider the 72 Tuvan expressive words of Mongolian origin. According to the word formation pattern the words are divided into two groups: 1) the сomposites formed by the model N + -chok (өөдежок ‘stupid’, саваажок ‘crazy’, etc.); 2) direct loanwords adapted phonetically (mong. мэлхий ‘stupid’ → тув. мелегей ‘stupid’, mong. жолиг / золиг ‘ransom, hell, an evil spirit (swearword)’ → tuv. чолук ‘scoundrel’). We find the unique feature of the Turkic languages which is the homonymy of adjective (Adj) and adverbs (AdvInt), adjective (Adj) and expressive nouns (NQuol). The loanwords can have different functions depending on the context of a sentence. Keywords: тувинский язык, заимствование, монгольский язык, композит, семантика, экспрессия, экспрессивные слова | 1871 | |||||
| 94 | The present article presents an expanded report on epistemological research referring to the canonical work of Alfred L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn entitled Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952). Theoretical efforts were directed towards the elaboration of a functional classification of the concept of culture (Kroeber–Kluckhohn Culture Classification, hereafter KKCC), which could be used to capture paradigm shifts in the understanding of the concept of culture in the twentieth century. To this end, the symbolic notation that separates types of pseudo-definitions of culture from their semantic representations has been improved, enabling the transfer of analysis to the meta-theoretical level. Keywords: Theoretical anthropology, social anthropology, theory of culture, scientific report | 1870 | |||||
| 95 | In terms of rural Russian population of the Siberian rearmost village new research technologies of Slavonic cultures in the context of historical events of the XX century are introduced. The main sources of information are the materials of field expeditions in 1990–2014. In the process of studying of sustainment culture of Siberian population during the Great Patriotic War in 1941–1945 the notions of hard, extreme and exceptional conditions of life sustainment are introduced, new differential approach to observation of everyday activities of different social-economical, age, gender and repressed groups of rural community is presented. A set of new notions such as “adaptation practical aspects” in terms of foraging, trapping, hunting, fishing and “replacement technologies” in such elements of life sustainment as nourishment, dwelling, hygiene, etc. are developed in the process of characterization of family economy and labor traditions. “Life strategies” of different groups of Russian population fighting against famine and frost are viewed in their connection with natural resources of surrounding areas. The conclusion about the insurance role of the traditional culture in extreme conditions is made. Keywords: Rural Russian population, rearmost village, war, culture of sustainment, nourishing terrain, family economy, converting household, labor traditions | 1869 | |||||
| 96 | The given article addresses the problem of negation of interrogative and negative pronouns and adverbs in Vakh and Vasyugan dialects of Khanty. The thesis that in these dialects of the Khanty language there are no independent negative pronouns and adverbs, and there are only functional equivalents in the form of negative structures is put forward. The article also gives a brief description of similar phenomena in other eastern dialects of the Khanty language. At the end of the discussion, the functional equivalents of negative pronouns and adverbs1 are considered from the point of symmetry/asymmetry, as well as from the perspective of typology of denial. Keywords: pronouns, adverbs, negation, grammaticalization, Siberian endangered languages, typology | 1868 | |||||
| 97 | The article analyzes the semantic structure of the basic perceptual verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- «listen» in the Khakass language. In particular, peripheral components of their semantics that are not reflected in dictionary interpretations, which are formed by the ratio of grammatical and semantic elements, are identified and described. It is established that the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Grammatical indicators clarify and add certain shades to the semantics of the verb. The correlation of grammatical and meaningful components in the semantic structure of the verb кöр- «look, see» is systematized in syntactic constructions that convey evaluative statements on the part of the speaker (кöрдек аны…). As an introductory word, this verb forms constructions expressing fear and caution from a negative situation; punishment with a touch of categorical; threat and warning that the speaker is ready to respond to unwanted actions of the enemy. The disclosure of relevant grammatical and meaningful forms in the structure of the verb ис- «listen» is not fixed by us. However, much less frequently than the verb кöр- «look, see», he can introduce a construct that describes a perceptual situation or a fact that is a reliable persuasive argument of the speaker being right. Most often, the verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- « listen; hear» are often used in the form of appeals to visual and auditory perception. Thus, the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Keywords: Khakass language, basic perceptual verbs, communicative act, speaking, semantics | 1860 | |||||
| 98 | The paper reviews the grammar of negation in two endangered indigenous Uralic languages of Western Siberia: Eastern Khanty and Southern Selkup. These languages have remote genetic affiliation falling respectively within the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic branches of the Uralic language family. At the same time, they are characterized by the situation of extended cultural and linguistic contact, co-inhabiting the area of middle Ob river flows, particularly in the Parabel and Kargasok districts of Tomsk region. Both languages2 are also characterized by comparable sociolinguistic status of extreme endangerment, numbering less than 10 speakers. The main focus of the discussion is the morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of negation. The key objective is to place the data and analysis of negation in the two systems into the general typological context, into local areal Siberian and into genetic Uralic perspective. From the typological standpoint Eastern Khanty and Southern Selkup syntactic negation strategies demonstrate consistent overall symmetry in accordance with the dominant SOV wordorder tendencies. There are, however, special cases of asymmetric strategies associated with non-standard negation, existential negation and negation with indefinite/negative proforms. Keywords: отрицание, селькупский, хантыйский, Сибирь, асимметрия | 1859 | |||||
| 99 | The present day significance and role of archaic cults are defined in the traditional culture of the Turks of the Sayan-Altai. The study shows that in the modern funeral and memorial rites of the Turks of the Sayan-Altay there are common features such as the preservation of the values of the cult of the ancestors, the sacredness of fire, the ritualized character of a memorial meal, the rites of transition – the “overnight” ritual, farewell to the soul ceremony and others. The transformations characterizing a special worldview for the Altai, Tuva and Khakas people are also of interest. The formation of the main characteristic features of modern traditional rituals occurred as a result of the impact of various State formations, religious teachings and social and cultural changes of society. Although the general world outlook layer peculiar to the peoples of the Sayan-Altai has been modified, in a certain context they continue to operate and now. Keywords: family rituaisml, burial-memorial rite, stability, variability, the Sayan-Altai | 1858 | |||||
| 100 | The rite of seeing off the recruits (soldiers) of the Chuvashs, like that of other peoples of Russia, began to take shape with the introduction of recruitment duty. According to the unfolding and variability, recruit rituals are much more inferior to wedding and funeral-memorial rituals, but it is nevertheless a rather complex and structured ritual complex. In this work, on the basis of archival, literary sources and author's field materials, the magical rites, signs and beliefs that took place in the recruitment ritual of the Chuvashs in the Volga-Ural region in the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Their goal is identified as having a magical effect on the fate of the conscripted to military service, furnishing their surroundings with reliable and permanent protection, ensuring a safe return to their homeland. Keywords: Chuvashs, seeing off in recruits, magic rituals, Volga-Ural region | 1858 | |||||