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| 101 | The article deals with a game klyok (kind of pyzh, gorodki) in the Mari gaming culture. We consider the area of term klyok according to earlier sources and contemporary records. In Mari language klyok seems borrowing from Russian dialects. Further etymology points to the North-Caucasian origin of it; original forms (Chechen ģhulģ , Ingush ģholģ, Abaza qual, Ossetian qul I and ğolæ D) means «the dice». The fact that this term is moved onto the wooden ryuhu, plastic bottle finds genetic link of Russian and Finno-Ugric games like klyok with games of the Turkic and Caucasian peoples (with dices), reflects the processes and areas of ethnic interaction. Keywords: folk games, Mari games, meaningless words, Finno-Ugric languages, Russian dialects, borrowing, ethnic interaction | 1242 | |||||
| 102 | The paper concerns argument structure of causative verbs in Tundra Nenets and Forest Nenets. Special attention is paid to marking of the initial subject of a non-causative construction. Changing of syntactic status of predicate’s arguments in course of causativization meets expectations and conforms to B. Comrie’s generalization known as “paradigm case”. According to it, the causee (initial subject) is demoted to the highest free position at the grammatical relations hierarchy. The basic ingestive verb (‘eat’) is of interest because it is transitive in the Nenets languages and does not admit omission of its direct object. However, it is causativized as if it were intransitive. Short comments on syntax of an analytic causative construction are also made. Keywords: Tundra Nenets, Forest Nenets, causative, argument structure, ingestive verbs | 1242 | |||||
| 103 | The article reviewed the category of time in the heroic epic of Mongolian peoples. Basing on the analysis of 27 epics the personal time of hero is considered in the general story-event time context. It was revealed that in general story time, having the property to tighten and stretch, the personal hero time is characterized by hopping movement and at the same time by statics and stability, its structured biographically, distinguished by wholeness and line-return current. The hero time continuum remains open and endless, time length extends into non-textual space. Epics show mythological shamanic worldview with concepts of cyclic life, continuation of the existence of human soul in the time stream. Keywords: Mongolian peoples, heroic epic, story, time category | 1242 | |||||
| 104 | The feature of the polish communities in Siberia in the XIX century was a significant amount of the polish exiled who rendered great value practically on all aspects of life of the region. The polish link to Altai in the XIX century was a component of the siberian exile used as one of the most widespread repressive measures of the government against participants of revolutionary liberation movement in Russia. The article on the basis of a wide range of sources (archival materials, help and periodicals) and literature considers the polish exiled, participants of the polish national liberation movement, members of Society of military friends in Bialystok Ivan Vysotsky, Karl and Felix Ordynskiye, who were in exile in Ust-Kamenogorsk were first of which. Despite limitation of the available data, questions of number, the places of residence, financial position and living conditions, an occupation, influence on life of the region of the banished participants of November revolt of 1830–1831, the polish liberating organizations of the end of the 1830th – the beginning of the 1840th found reflection in work. Activity of exiled of roman catholic priests of Anthony Ankudovich in Kuznetsk, Pavel Shishko, who founded the first private school in Biysk is shown. In article it is indicated the fact of serving of punishment in Altai (in the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress, then in Biysk the district of the Smolensk volost) Alexander Levitsky. The considered material allows to draw a conclusion that the stay of the polish exiled in the 20th – the 50th of the XIX century in Altai is a component of history of formation of the polish community in Siberia. Undoubtedly, further researches will add already available data on life in exile of these people that will promote a reconstruction of a full picture of stay of poles in Altai and in general in Siberia. Keywords: Altai, E. I. V. Office, polish political exiled, Society of military friends, revolt, сatholic clergy | 1240 | |||||
| 105 | Alutor (a Paleosiberian language from the Chukchi-Kamchatkan family) has two different forms marking the proprietive: forms with the suffix -lʔ (the ‘L-proprietive’) and forms with the circumfix ɣa-…-lin(a) (the ‘Gproprietive’). In this paper, I will describe the morphosyntactic and semantic features of possessee nouns using each form and demonstrate that the L-proprietive is preferred when there is a particularly close semantic relationship between the possessor and possessee, while the G-proprietive, in contrast, is used when a speaker is interested in the (non-) existence of a possessee, and often expresses temporal possession. Additionally, I will show the difference between the predicative possession and an existential construction, illustrate the co-occurrence of proprietive with comitative prefixes, and give examples of several kinds of abessive forms in Alutor. Keywords: Alutor, predicative possession, proprietive, inalienable possession | 1238 | |||||
| 106 | Kolyma Yukaghir does not have a verb equivalent of the English ‘have.’ Instead, for the expression of predicative possession, it uses proprietive verbs derived from nouns by affixation of the suffix -n’e/-n.’ This paper describes and analyzes proprietive verbs in Kolyma Yukaghir. Particular attention will be paid to their semantic and pragmatic characteristics. After overviewing the derivation and syntax of proprietive verbs, I will discuss the semantic variations they can have, depending on the types of relationships that obtain between possessors and possessees. I will also discuss a pragmatic characteristic of their main clause use in terms of information structure, which contrasts with existential clauses. Keywords: Kolyma Yukaghir, proprietive verb, predicative possession | 1235 | |||||
| 107 | The abstract is devoted to the first verbal presentation of Ket proper names in onoma system of Eastern Transbaikalye. The substrate hydronimic names are presented and described, which verbal root can be explained by the ket terms. They are ul’/ul ‘river’, Arin terms set and sat, kott shet ‘river; brook’, which are represented by regional toponims. Ethnotoponims like Assan, Kott, Ulyatsky genonimic of Tungus and Bodonguut tribal name of khori-Buryat represent the ancient community on the territory of historical Dauria, connected with Ket. Keywords: Ket toponimic substrate, genonimic names of Tungus and khori-Buryat, documents of State Archive of Transbaikal Krai, synchronic correlates in the system of local geographic terminology, Bogdojtsy, Nikans, Bogdeideng, Khanta, Ol’gyt, Ulyat tribe of Nerchin | 1231 | |||||
| 108 | The matter under discussion in this paper is the recollection of theoretical issues on borderland debate that is heavily carried out without proper field recognition. Thus, I provide in this paper summary of field work in Bagrationovsk (Russia) supported by the photographical material. Keywords: Anthropology of Central and Easter Europe, Borderland Discourse, Russia, Bagrationowsk | 1230 | |||||
| 109 | Many Siberian scientists are of great interest to the problem of determining the ethnic affiliation of such groups of the Russian population as “moskals” and “Ukrainians”. Under these ethnonyms in ethnographic literature was understood Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian population. A number of researchers came to the conclusion that the ethnonym “Ukrainians” can be used, not only in relation to the Siberian Ukrainians, but also Russians, natives of the southern Russian villages living on response with Ukrainians and allocated to the special language features of culture. The ethnonym “Katsap” was probably used in relation to the Russian immigrants from the southern Russian provinces. The article presents a brief overview of the data obtained in 2013 as a result of historical and ethnographic expedition to Kamensky district of the Altai Territory. The descendants of immigrants of Kursk, defining their ethnicity called themselves “ordinary Ukrainians”, noting the great similarity in the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians. Descendants of Russian old residents and migrants from other southern provinces called them the “moskals”. The main attention is paid to differential factors and markers that distinguish a group of descendants of immigrants of Kursk from Russian and Ukrainian (language, eating habits). Keywords: Altai, Russian, moskals, Ukrainians, ethnicity, identity | 1225 | |||||
| 110 | The present article presents an expanded report on epistemological research referring to the canonical work of Alfred L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn entitled Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952). Theoretical efforts were directed towards the elaboration of a functional classification of the concept of culture (Kroeber–Kluckhohn Culture Classification, hereafter KKCC), which could be used to capture paradigm shifts in the understanding of the concept of culture in the twentieth century. To this end, the symbolic notation that separates types of pseudo-definitions of culture from their semantic representations has been improved, enabling the transfer of analysis to the meta-theoretical level. Keywords: Theoretical anthropology, social anthropology, theory of culture, scientific report | 1225 | |||||
| 111 | In the proposed paper the author makes another come-back to the issue of Kets origin or, wider – Yenisseic people, the questions that was addressed to themselves by the XVIII century scholars and which is being asked by the XXI century scholars, there are many anticipations, but the Kets are still a mystery, nevertheless, we, of course know more about them nowadays, than the past centuries scholars. Especially we enriched our knowledge on them beginning from the second half of the XX century, mostly like due to works of outstanding scientists E. A. Alekseenko, A. P. Dulzon and E. A. Kreinovitch. The main interesting regarding their ancient genetic relations currently seem to be Sino-Tibetan and Dene-Yenisseic hypothesis, based on linguistic data. In the proposed article there is no a set task on critical analysis of the hypothesis on remote genetic relationship of Yenisseic people, the author would like to go to the question of the latter predecessors of Ket-Yenisseic people among early peoples of Central Asia and consider their possible ethnographic roots within those peoples. The level of working out of the Ket and other Yenisseic peoples’ problem currently allows only to outline different anticipations, regarding this point, the article is not different from other ones, but it attempts to allocate the abovementioned problem to the recorded historical events before BC and first centuries of CE, and also correlate it to peoples-participants of those events, particularly with Dinlins, Hunns and Hunnas. So that there is an attempt to estimate historiographic, ethnographic and linguistic material related to Yenisseic peoples’ problem to define their place, their participation and role in registered and possible to be reconstructed historical events in correspondent geographical areas. Keywords: Yenisseic people’s origin, Ligeti–Palliblank hypothesis, Hunn–Yenisseic language relations | 1224 | |||||
| 112 | The XXVII International coneference “Dulzon Readings” was held at the academic library of Tomsk State Pedagogical University on 28–29 June 2014. Traditionally the International Series of Conferences “Dulzon Readings” covers a wide range of topics: typological studies of the languages of Russia, Germanic and Romance studies: linguistic, ethnographic and archeological studies of national minorities of Russia with a special focus on the indigenous languages and culture of Siberia: phonetics and phonology, morphology, lexical studies, syntax, pragmatics in synchronic-, diachronic- and areal perspectives; ethnography and archeology of Siberia; documentation of endangered languages, their revitalization and ethnic minority education. In 2014, the conference strived to facilitate interaction among young scholars, as well as to support local typological research, paying special attention to the studies of languageinternal and -external factors in the evolution of language and cultures, individually and in interaction. As such, in 2014, most of the presentations of the current and perspective research projects dealt with such issues as: – aspects of system-internal variation and evolution of grammar of individual language systems (aspects of grammaticalization) in lesser-studied languages of Russia (especially Finno-Ugric, Samoyedic, Yenisseic, Altaic); – cultural/social context of language evolution; – general and unique aspects of contact interaction in the evolution of languages and cultures; – inter-disciplinary studies of endangered languages and cultures; – theory, methodology and technology of documentation of linguistic and cultural diversity; – studies in material and cultural anthropology of Siberia. Theoretical framework, terminology and methodology of research as well as the scope and depth of the existing studies vary to a great extent. The “XXVII Dulzon Readings” aimed to ensure the productive interaction of the theoretical approaches, methods and terminologies and to provide the extensive empirical data essential for the development of this research field. | 1223 | |||||
| 113 | The paper is aimed at reconstructing one episode of the Selkup family’s life captured by a photograph one hundred years ago. The analysis is based on photographs of the Selkups from the Tym River taken by the renowned Finnish scholar Kai Donner in 1912, and from the records of parish registers of XIX–XX centuries. During his tour of Siberia in 1911–1914, K. Donner reached Kalguak yurts down the Ob river, then went to Napas up the Tym River and got to Makovskoye village down the Ket river. He also made a number of other short-term trips to Siberian towns and settlements of indigenous minorities. The scientist collected extensive materials on ethnography and linguistics of indigenous peoples of Siberia.We present the possibilities of implementing the method of reconstructing the sequence of the events based on the episode of the life of a wellknown Selkup shaman family of Karlyguin from the Tym river. The contemporary world with the advancing globalization steadily destroys unique cultures of indigenous minorities. Therefore, materials of ethnographic expeditions from previous centuries are becoming increasingly important and valuable. Keywords: Kai Donner, the Selkups, the Karlygin’s family, photographs, records from parish registers | 1223 | |||||
| 114 | The article is based оn the insufficiently studied field data of the vocabulary materials, collected by the Toponymic Field Team of the Ural Federal University in 1968–1971 from Upper Lozva’s and Upper Sosva’s Mansi raindeer herdsmen in the Northern Ural Mountains. Now the speakers of the Upper Lozva version of the northern Mansi dialect no longer practice raindeer herdsmanship, and the number of such speakers is continuously decreasing. Therefore, it becomes especially important to pay attention to the lexical data reflecting the state of the northern dialects of the Mansi language of the second half of the XX century. Mansi vocabulary presented in the field materials of expeditions covers almost all the conceptual sphere. A reflection of the stability of the northern Mansi’s lexical stock and its development, as well Mansi’s increasing familiarity with the civilization realities. The article presents the changes in semantic volume of the Mansi lexemes, the features of lexical-derivational variation, the semantics and ways of creating the neologisms. Keywords: Mansi vocabulary, second part of XX century, field research, new lexical materials, the development of Mansi language | 1220 | |||||
| 115 | Within the project of Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Accent characteristics of the Selkup language” a number of publications in which we investigated rules of statement of an accent in the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language was prepared (Normanskaya, 2012). In them it was shown that in all southern and central dialects a paradigmatic accent. The place of its statement depends on type of a root and a suffix. In Taz (northern) dialect of the Selkup language it was investigated for a long time. It is arranged essentially differently than in the southern and central Selkup dialects. In article the only verbal form of Taz dialect of the Selkup language, in which authors (OChSYa 1980, is analyzed: 138–141) phonologically significant accent, – an imperative mood is noted. As a result of comparison of rules of statement of an accent in an imperative mood of Taz (northern) dialect and in verbal forms of the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language. In the article it is shown that in 33 cases marking in verbal roots in all Selkup dialects coincides, 6 bases are exceptions. It is represented that existence of exceptions was initially predictable as A. A. Zaliznyak specifies in (Zaliznyak, 1985), any quantity of word forms will always not submit to rules therefore expediency of the description by means of the simple rule of "accent markings" is defined by statistics of the cases submitting to the rule. As it is possible to see from the carried-out analysis, in case of the Selkup language the statistics specifies that an accent in forms of the second person of singular of an imperative of the Taz verbs, really, is a fragment of archaic proto selkup system (OChSYa 1980, assumed: 138–141). In real time after the carried-out reconstruction of an accent on material of the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language manages to be proved this assumption. It becomes clear that in the proto selkup language the roots had accent markings which remained in Tazovsky dialect in the second person of singular of an imperative of the verbs and in forms with plus suffixes in the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language now. The conclusion is that it is possible to reconstruct the system of raznomestny phonologically significant accent and for the Proto Selkup language. Keywords: the Selkup language, Taz dialect, southern and central dialects, accent, comparative-historical linguistics, contemporary records, field researches | 1218 | |||||
| 116 | In terms of rural Russian population of the Siberian rearmost village new research technologies of Slavonic cultures in the context of historical events of the XX century are introduced. The main sources of information are the materials of field expeditions in 1990–2014. In the process of studying of sustainment culture of Siberian population during the Great Patriotic War in 1941–1945 the notions of hard, extreme and exceptional conditions of life sustainment are introduced, new differential approach to observation of everyday activities of different social-economical, age, gender and repressed groups of rural community is presented. A set of new notions such as “adaptation practical aspects” in terms of foraging, trapping, hunting, fishing and “replacement technologies” in such elements of life sustainment as nourishment, dwelling, hygiene, etc. are developed in the process of characterization of family economy and labor traditions. “Life strategies” of different groups of Russian population fighting against famine and frost are viewed in their connection with natural resources of surrounding areas. The conclusion about the insurance role of the traditional culture in extreme conditions is made. Keywords: Rural Russian population, rearmost village, war, culture of sustainment, nourishing terrain, family economy, converting household, labor traditions | 1218 | |||||
| 117 | The birch bark, as an affordable and durable material, is widely used in almost all spheres of life of the peoples of Western Siberia. In most cases, the birch bark was used as a material for producing of household utensils. Having examined the works of N. V. Lukina (1985), V. V. Bogomolov (1987) and E. G. Fedorova (1994) in which were described the birch bark utensils, the author identifies the main approaches for its classification. N. V. Lukina in his work “The formation of the material culture of the Khantyˮ classifies bark items and puts on the promotion position: 1) purpose of the object and; 2) design features. All other parameters (form products, the national title, the method applying ornament) are associated and constitute the narrative of objects. V. V. Bogomolov classifies objects bark utensils, taking as a basis of such criteria as “work on manufacturingˮ (flooring manufacturer) – male and female. This author pays more attention to the national title bark utensils and objects form. Technical features, such as ways of connecting parts are in its classification and make minor subspecies examples when allocating basic types bark utensils. The classification of E. G. Fedorova is based utensils on division in the form of objects, with the release of those parts which form the shape (mouth, walls, bottom). In the process of comparing the options proposed classification bark utensils and work on creating the catalog “Birch bark utensils southern Selkupsˮ the author of this article has formed its own approach to the classification of objects in which the criterion was the leading technological method for manufacturing items. On the basis of the technological features making birch bark vessels all subjects were divided into four groups: 1) subjects cross linked two cut bark of parts – bottom wall and connected with each other by sewing; 2) objects created from a piece of birch bark, “stockingˮ removed from birch stump and connected to the bottom of the timber walls by steaming for a tight grasp of the bottom; 3) items with a wooden bottom and two-layered walls of birch bark (inner – glued or sewn, exterior – with the “castleˮ bracket), bottom and sides are fastened with small nails or wooden pegs (short rods); 4) objects created by folding a single piece of birch bark, stitched stitching details. Keywords: bark utensils, types classification, processing technology bark, the peoples of Western Siberia, Selkups | 1216 | |||||
| 118 | A comparative analysis of vocabulary related to the group of dairy food products traditional for the nomadic cattle-breeding peoples of Central Asia – the Khalkha-Mongols, Buryats and Oirats, as well as Kalmyks. The research modern Mongolian languages, as well as materials of dialectological expeditions conducted by Valentin Ivanovich Rassadin from the 1970s to the 2000s in the Republic of Buryatia, Western Mongolia. All Mongolian peoples traditionally continue to breed five types of cattle – horses, cows, sheep, goats and camels, from which milk is obtained as a starting product for the preparation of a wide variety of dairy dishes by fermentation, distillation, straining, settling, boiling, drying or diluting with tea or water. It was possible to find out that dairy cattle breeding and methods of preparing many dairy products came to the ancient from the depths of centuries, along with the names from the ancient Turks and are still preserved among the modern Mongolian peoples. Considering the terms of dairy products in Mongolian languages, a list of terms in Mongolian language, have a complete analogy to modern. Above list of words clearly testifies that the terms of dairy farming have long been established in the Mongolian languages, most likely, back in the Mongolian era, when dairy farming was among the Mongol tribes. Further development of this layer of vocabulary, especially in terms of its, will shed light on the external influence, especially the Turkic languages, in which the terms of dairy products were formed, since a number of Mongolian terms have analogies in the Turkic languages, such as: turk. süt – milk, ajran – sour milk, qurut – dried cheeses, bїšlaq – home-made cheese, irimek – curd scum on the walls of the boiler from boiling sour milk, araqї – vodka. Keywords: mongolian peoples, the ancient Turks, five kinds of cattle, horses, cows, sheep, goats, camels, milk, boiling, souring, distillation, filtering, drying, mixing | 1211 | |||||
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| 120 | The author of article considered specifics of use of folklore in concert and scenic practice of Belarus. She revealed a range of approaches to a scenic embodiment of folklore which varies from the minimum scenic adaptation of the traditional primary source before its cardinal transformation. This art phenomenon is defined by the author as a performing folklorizm which represents the independent direction of art creativity within which the scenic embodiment of folklore is carried out by performing means of theatrical, choreographic and musical art. The specifics of a performing folklorizm in Belarus at different stages of this development was considered in this article. The origin of a performing folklorizm as art phenomenon in Belarus belongs to the end of the XIX century. The performing creativity focused on folklore evolved actively in blighty scenic practice for more than hundred years. The history of performing folklorizm in Belarus have been developing in the context of all cultural history of Belarus but it has some specifics. The author allocated and considered some characteristics of five periods of its development: origin (the 1890s – 1917); registration as independent scenic phenomenon (1917 – mid 1950s); setting style of “the academic nationality” (mid 1950s – the 1960s); stylistic updating (1970 – the 1980s); statement of a stylistic variety with preservation of steady positive dynamic of development (since the 1990s to the present time). Keywords: implementation on folklorism, concert and scenic practice, stage realization of folklore | 1201 | |||||
| 121 | The results of comparative analysis of modern and Soviet history textbook are given in this article. This is timely now. Conceptual differences are revealed in the perception of the national history between the people and the scientific community of historians and also in the analysis of modern textbooks that interpret history in a negative version. Creating the conception of a single standard textbook of Russian history should remove the revealed problems. Attention of academic and educational communities is involved in discussion of this problem. The comparative analysis shows that modern textbooks, unlike Soviet textbooks, don't carry out patriotic educational function to the right degree. Thus, the conceptual differences are seen in issue of origin of statehood of Ancient Russia and the ethnonym “Rusy”, “Russian”. The version of “the Norman theory” is unambiguously and categorically asserted in modern textbooks. Other theories of origin of the Russian statehood are absent in them while the issue is still debatable in science. The Norman version infringes patriotic feelings, causes feeling of lameness. High patriotic educational potential of topics related to the wars, victories of Russian arms, liberation struggle of our people is poorly used in modern textbooks. The statement of material is given informatively, and lack of assessment forms indifferent perception of national history, weak feeling of participation of pupils in it. Figurativeness, emotional giving, fine literary language that are used in the Soviet textbook as the receptions of forming of quite concrete relation to events and their accurate assessment which causes pride of the history and the people, and, above all – feeling of participation in them. Patriotic education has to become a conceptual core of the new textbook of Russian istor Keywords: national history, textbook, Russia, Kievan Rus, patriotic education | 1201 | |||||
| 122 | The paper considers the issue of establishing and sustaining the double identity among young generation of German immigrants coming from ethnically blended Russian-German families who arrived in Germany from the CIS countries in the 1990-s during the fourth migration wave. Micro-historical approach is used in the study. The experience of successful integration of German immigrants into German society is studied. The work is centered on the data of field studies by means of in-depth interview methods and overt observations in 2014 in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It was revealed that respondents have the conception of inhomogeneity of German migrant community (according to the time of immigration – they differ from representatives of earlier immigration waves) and by acculturation strategies (assimilation, separation, integration), as well as they have understanding of specific nature of their paradigms compared to native Germans and their distinctiveness from Russians. The factors of establishing positive Russian-German identity can be defined as: cultural-historical migrants’ origins (memories of historical motherland, its culture and traditions), internal structures of immigrant community (Russian shops, restaurants, discos, Russian-language media and websites, etc.), as well as modern cultural reality of accepting German society. Adherence of young generation of German immigrants to Russian culture can be defined by essential level (saving native language and culture of ancestors) and instrumentalist level (Russian language skills as a condition for increased competitiveness on the German labor market). Regarding the German component of young immigrants’ identity both levels can be also defined: perception of adhesion to German people “by blood” and understanding that German language skills, adoption of norms and values of German society contributes to successful integration into accepting community. It was defined that the important mechanisms of sustaining Russian component of double identity are keeping strong family connections, marriage with representatives from German immigrants families, inclusion of children into traditions of Russian culture and orthodox church; keeping close relations with friends and relatives in Russia, etc. Formation of German component of identity occurs under the influence of socio-cultural environment of modern German society. The work reveals that immigrants under study live with the perception of their adherence to two different worlds, two cultures. Among young people there is strong belief that they have two motherlands – Russia and Germany (USSR). Keywords: migration, second (sesquialter) migrant generation, Russian-speaking German migrants, Germany, double identity, integration | 1201 | |||||
| 123 | The present day significance and role of archaic cults are defined in the traditional culture of the Turks of the Sayan-Altai. The study shows that in the modern funeral and memorial rites of the Turks of the Sayan-Altay there are common features such as the preservation of the values of the cult of the ancestors, the sacredness of fire, the ritualized character of a memorial meal, the rites of transition – the “overnight” ritual, farewell to the soul ceremony and others. The transformations characterizing a special worldview for the Altai, Tuva and Khakas people are also of interest. The formation of the main characteristic features of modern traditional rituals occurred as a result of the impact of various State formations, religious teachings and social and cultural changes of society. Although the general world outlook layer peculiar to the peoples of the Sayan-Altai has been modified, in a certain context they continue to operate and now. Keywords: family rituaisml, burial-memorial rite, stability, variability, the Sayan-Altai | 1199 | |||||
| 124 | Addressing the issue of establishment of the relationship between the Russian population and natives of Siberia at the initial stage of formation of the power of the Russian state in this territory allows to reveal the prerequisites for the ethnic processes happening in the local ethnic environment in the XVII–XX centuries. The inclusion of local population in the structure of the large state was accompanied by assignment of duties to the population. This sphere was controlled by local administration. In this work we attempt to mark out the features of formation of a management system in Siberia and the extent of the influence of these transformations on internal development of local ethnic groups on the example of the basin of the river Ket which is the territory of traditional residence of the Narym group of Selkups (sussykum). The study of the relationship of the Russian administration with the Selkups of the river Ket revealed its dualism – on the one hand the state initially tried to cause as little harm as possible to traditional life. That is confirmed by the principles of national policy. On the other hand it sought to develop the economic capacity of the region, involving economy of Ket river region in the All-Russian economy. The economic (industrial) development of the territory led to the reduction of the number of the indigenous people, assimilation processes, exogamy, language loss, resettlement to the mixed settlements and acquiring of the Russian way of life. Keywords: the Selkups, the Russians, tribute, the Ket river, administrative division, district, county, parish, foreigners, service people | 1198 | |||||
| 125 | The paper discusses the key issues of the annotation method employed in the project “Lingustically annotated spoken Nganasan corpus”. The data are processed and stored in the EXMARaLDA format. The annotation of the database involves grammatical and part-of-speech tagging (made in Toolbox or Flex), translation into Russian and English. However, the present paper addresses the questions of syntactic roles, and information structure. For this purpose we use the format designed by other researchers and adapted by us to the Nganasan language. In the paper we describe the system of annotation (tags, terms and their clarification) illustrated by a large amount of Nganasan examples. Keywords: Nganasan, annotation, corpus, endangered language, language documentation | 1198 | |||||
| 126 | After completion of the Soviet-Polish war and the conclusion of the Riga peace treaty the exchange of prisoners of war began. For the control of the process of repatriation to Siberia there arrived the representation of the Mixed commission as a part of the Polish and Russian-Ukrainian delegations. All prisoners had to be subject to mandatory registration. A special commission of the Soviet leaders of Polish origin had set belonging to Polish nationality of persons who had no documents. Re-evacuation took place in difficult conditions of post-war time: lack of material resources, bad work of railway transport and epidemic of typhus. Politics of Soviet power which wasn't interested in mass departure of Poles to motherland became a serious obstacle for re-evacuation of prisoners of war. Soviet officials refused to dismiss service professionals, as well as returnees who were involved in the forced labor. Violations of provisions of the Agreement on repatriation from the Soviet power were explained by ideological approach. According to the opinion of members of the Soviet government potential agents of the Soviet power had to return to Poland and class enemies had to remain in Russia. Keywords: The Riga peace treaty, repatriation, Polish prisoners of war | 1197 | |||||
| 127 | Traditional Belarusian costume is a unique phenomenon in the culture of Eastern European folks. It had preserved archaic general Slavonic features connected with materials and manufacturing technologies, decoration character and manners of wearing till first decades of XX century. The article concerns the problem of scientific reconstruction of one of traditional costume complexes which was common for the territory of Igumen uezd (county) of Minsk Governorate in the late XIX and early XX century (nowadays it is Berezino district of Minsk region). Till recent period the traditional costume of this area was not widely known, though V. K. Kostko, student of Saint-Petersburg University, collected first data about it as early as in 1905. These materials in the form of a photo album and a small number of museum articles are preserved in the Russian Museum of Ethnography (Saint-Petersburg). Nearly in one hundred years they served as impulse for a deeper research. In 2003–2009 authors of the article conducted a number of expeditions on the territory of Berezino district which enabled them to collect valuable substantial and information materials. Based on the analysis of museum articles, archive photos and materials of contemporary field studies artistic and plastic features of previously unknown local variants of a traditional Belarusian costume were reconstructed. Clothing material collected during expeditions and scientific reconstruction of manners of women’s headdress, belts and other clothing articles helped to represent a traditional Berezino costume in the Museum of Ancient Belarusian Culture (Minsk). Keywords: traditional costume of Berezino district, V. K. Kostko, the Russian Museum of Ethnography, field studies, reconstruction, the Museum of Ancient Belarusian Culture | 1195 | |||||
| 128 | The paper analyzes indigenous multilingualism in the north-eastern part of the lower Yenisei area from the 1930s to the 1970s (Tajmyr peninsula, Siberia, Russia). The data used for this study are sociolinguistic interviews performed by the author in 2017 with children and grandchildren of those representatives of indigenous peoples of Tajmyr who were adults in the given period. Ethnolinguistic history of the area is described for the last 200 years in order to provide a general background for understanding patterns of multilingual practices, in particular all ethnic migrations are analyzed from the point of view of their reasons and their sociolinguistic consequences. Contacts between Northern Samoyedic peoples – the Tundra Enets, the Tundra Nenets, and the Nganasans – are portrayed in details, with particular attention to language repertoires, to contexts of usage of each language, and to all attested changes to them with time. Besides, linguistic ideologies typical for the area are commented on, including their interconnection to other sociolinguistic factors involved. As a result, common local sociolinguistic patterns are posited: those that are recurrently attested in several Tajmyrian locations. First, in all cases all adults could speak the language of the ethnic majority of the area, and most adults could understand all other indigenous languages of the area; furthermore, active command of other languages could be conditioned by details of an individual’s biography. Second, the main language used within a nuclear family was usually the language of the ethnic majority of the area, regardless the ethnic identity of the parents; the native language of (one of) the parents, if different from the language of the ethnic majority, was usually used for codified interactions with other adults: e.g. when receiving guests or paying visits. The methodology of this study is discussed in details with the idea of its reproducibility in other areas of Siberia. Keywords: sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, history of Siberia, multilingualism, language contacts, Tajmyr, Tundra Enets, Tundra Nenets, Nganasans, methodology of fieldwork | 1195 | |||||
| 129 | This article examines the funeral Chukchi traditions that have survived to the present time. Many scientists believed that archaic forms of funerals would give way to a modern unified ritual. However, in some national villages of Chukotka people are still buried by burning or leaving the dead body on a hill or in an open area; modern funeral rites are also often associated with some elements of traditional culture. The authors consider the worldview associated with death, the attitude to death in the Chukchi and neighboring ethnic groups. For a comparative analysis of the rites occurring in different years, the authors give descriptions of the funeral rites by scientists and travelers of the XVIII–XX centuries. Existing ritual practices in modern Chukchi culture are represented by the following methods of burial of the dead: burning, leaving the body in the open air, laying the body with stones, burial "in Russian". Among the traditional burial practices, the most common is the ritual of burning. Moreover, in the village of Vaegi of Anadyr districts the funeral "in Chukchi" is the most preferable for residents. The exceptions are the cases when the spouses and close relatives of the representatives of other nationalities can not do the will of the dead in the ceremony of burning. Other traditional methods of burial are few but still occur in the village of Ilirney (Iultinsky district), Rytkuchi village (Chaunsky district), in some villages of Anadyr and Chukotka district. Surveys of residents showed that most often "in Chukchi" they bury the old people, who voiced their will during his lifetime, or "tundra-people" engaged in traditional farming away from the villages. It should be noted that nowadays few informants could describe the ritual as a whole, many people know the order of ritual acts, but cannot disclose their meaning. The funeral rites are frequently held in a "truncated" version (once the mandatory manipulations with the dead are no longer produced, for example, tendons cut, "open" chest, etc.). In rural areas, there are still experts who own traditional burial practices. They participate in the preparation and conduct of the rite, teach the younger generation to conduct rituals. Keywords: Chukchi, traditional culture, traditional funeral rites, rite of burning, elements of funeral rite | 1195 | |||||
| 130 | This article was prepared on the basis of the literature, the museum sources and field data collected by the author in 2003 and 2010–2013 in Anadyr, the Anadyr and Chukotian regions of the Chukotian autonomous okrug. The aim of the article is to characterize the sacred and highly revered heirlooms and ritual objects used during the traditional ceremonies of the nomadic and coastal Chukchi groups. In the article we also present the records of the informants who watched traditional ceremonies or were directly involved in them. In this paper we do not consider the manufacture and application of the ritual objects in the funeral rites of the Chukchi. Knowledge of the sacred objects are well preserved in the modern indigenous peoples of Chukotka although the most complete information about the traditional cults possess people who spent their childhood and most of his life in the tundra, in nomad camps surrounded by older relatives and traditional language environment. Keywords: Indigenous peoples of Chukotka, spiritual culture, traditional beliefs, sacred objects, heirlooms | 1194 | |||||
| 131 | This paper explores the main features of development of ancient archaeological cultures of the extreme Northeast of Asia in the context of reconstruction of ethnogenetic processes in this region in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Based on researches of previous years and recent results the aim of the present study was to give the complex view of problems of ethnic identification of ancient cultures, reconstruction of the directions of migrations and episodes of ethnic interaction. The wide spread of the Beringian tradition could be associated with the «Ancient Paleosiberian» population, which largely became ancestral to many populations of the Holocene of the extreme Northeast Asia and North America, including Paleoeskimos, Neoeskimos and Chukotka-Kamchatkian clade, and appear as a common ancestor for Kets and Athabascans. Haplotype D2a'b of the mitochondrial genome, discovered in the burial on the lake Nozhyj (Trans-Baikal), may indicate carriers of the Kitoy tradition as a population associated with the Asian ancestors of the Paleoeskimo people. At least two large waves of the back migration from America to the extreme Northeast Asia since the Holocene were identified. Migration of the Paleoeskoimo and Aleutian groups is observed starting at ~3,500 cal. BP and expressed in the emergence of the Paleoeskimo tradition in Chukotka and the Tokarev culture in Northern Priokhotye. Starting at ~2,100 cal. BP the Neoeskimo populations expanded to Chukotka, which evinced in the development of Neoeskimo cultures of the Bering Sea. Keywords: Northeast Asia, archeological cultures, ethnogenesis, haplogroups, Beringian tradition, Sumnagin culture, Belkachi culture, Ymyyakhtakh culture, Tokarev culture, Paleoeskimos, Neoeskimos, Chukchi, Koryaks | 1194 | |||||
| 132 | The intonation of the Teleut utterances is under consideration in this work: Кижи эзенjит. – ‘The man thinks’. – [kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt]Салқын қаақjит. – ‘The wind blows’. – [salkъn qa:qjɨt], Кижи эзенjит пa? – ‘Does the man think?’ – [kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt pa], Салқын қаақjит пa? – ‘Does the wind blow?’ – [salkъn qa:qjɨt pa], Неденааре кижи эзентит? – ‘What does the man think about?’ – [nεdεna:rε kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt], Каани салкын каақтит? – ‘Where does the wind blow?’ – [ka:nI salkъn ka:qjɨt], which were pronounced by 10 Teleut speakers, who live in the village Bekovo, Belovo district, Kemerovo region. We analyzed the phrases by help of computer programs Speech Analyzer 3.01 and Wave Assistant using audiovisual method and relying on speaker’s perception. Keywords: Turk languages, the Teleut language, intonation, speech prosody, linguistic universals, speech perception | 1192 | |||||
| 133 | The article explores the little-known Basandaika expedition that constitutes one of the greatest endeavours in the development of archaeology in Tomsk, i.e. the opening and studying of the Basandaika settlement II. In focus is the discoverer of the site whose name is almost unknown in the context of archaeological research in the Basandaika area – Doctor of History, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences (Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic) Hilda Ivanovna Mosberg. In 1943–45, she acted as an Associate Professor at the Faculty of History of Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute and took part in the expedition to Basandaika in 1944. Based on the material collected at four different Tomsk archives, the article reconstructs some of the events from the Tomsk period of H.I. Mosberg’s life. Analyzed is the field material associated with her name as well as the fate of the archaeological collection from the settlement. Photographs previously unpublished accompany the article. In addition, the results produced in the early XXI century investigation in which Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pletnyova was actively involved complement the ones of the mid-XX century research into the settlement. Keywords: archaeology, excavations in the Basandaika area, the Basandaika settlement II, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute (University), Tomsk State University, K. E. Grinevich, H. I. Mosberg, G. V. Trukhin, L. M. Pletnyova, N. V. Toroshchina | 1190 | |||||
| 134 | The problem of native language preservation of Slavic diasporas in Tomsk region is considered. The factors determining the process of saving / loss the native language are revealed. The study showed that the Slavic diasporas have significantly lost their native languages in the first decades after resettlement to Siberia during the ethno-cultural adaptation. National languages support was provided by mononational settlements, national schools, religious life, influx of new migrants. Consequently, the absence of these factors narrowed the scope of communication in mother tongue greatly, which gradually led to its significant loss. Among the most studied diasporas the Poles shows the lowest level of natural language knowledge. In modern times the expected interest in learning mother tongue in etnodispersal groups is not observed. Keywords: Native Language, Diasporas, Byelorussians, Poles, Ukrainians, Tomsk region | 1186 | |||||
| 135 | 1182 | ||||||
| 136 | The paper opens a cycle of articles concerned to the emergence and development of multilingualism of peoples inhabited Kolyma-Alazeia tundra, the region where Yukaghir, Even, Chukchi, Yakut and Russian areas intersected. One of these peoples will be a starting point of investigation in each article of the cycle. The starting point of this paper is Chukchi, their arrival to the area mentioned, their contacts with neighbours, the languages they spoke. The pasture areas of Chukchi in the late 19th to the early 20th centuries were discovered on base of the sources (works of anthropologists, travelers, missionaries). As a result, the area in Kolyma-Alazeia tundra inhabited by Chukchi was in the first time mapped in every detail. Besides, the places where Chukchi contacted to the neighboring peoples and languages probably used there were specified. One of the important places for contacts were seasonal fairs which were mapped as full as possible. The evaluation of the data led to the conclusion that in the Western part of the area the Chukchi were multilingual despite the fact that they possessed large reindeer herds and hold higher economic position comparing to other inhabitants of the region discussed. In the same time, that in the Eastern part of the area the Chukchi kept traditional monolingualism and often did not speak even Russian, using Chukchi-Russian jargon to communicate to the Russian-speaking population. The possible reasons for emergence of multilingualism in the Western area were large amount of interethnic marriages and the fact that many Evens and Yukaghirs sought to live near or with the rich Chukchi. The eastern monolingualism was apparently supported by close contacts with Chukchi of “Chukotskaya zemlitsa” predominantly monoethnic area. The exact situation in some interjacent areas is not quite clear due to scarcity of sources. Keywords: multilingualism, Chukchi language, historical sociolinguistics, language maps, Kolyma- Alazeia tundra | 1181 | |||||
| 137 | In the article are expound the results of research of the process of changes in the composition of ornamental supertext of Andronovo cultural-historical community (ACHC). The research was carried out in the territorial, cultural and, partly, chronological contexts. As the most sensitive markers of this process it is proposed to consider such groups of ornamental figures, like «diamonds», «step pyramid», «swastika» and «Siberian wave». The study was conducted in the framework of the problem of the Genesis of Andronovo cultures. It was assumed that the degree of concentration of the selected shapes on the map ACHC will be able to mark the areals of the formation of Alakul and, above all, the Fedorov culture. Keywords: Andronovo ornamentation, genesis, the epicenters of origin, the regions of distribution, pre-Andronovo ornamentation | 1175 | |||||
| 138 | The article concerns the research of functional and linguistic peculiarities of religious discourse in different historical periods. The author considers the religious discourse as a method, consistently reproduced in time and space, of transmitting the complex of meanings of a sacral text with account of the mentality, religious experience and objective reality of people speaking a certain language in a certain phase of history. The contrastive analysis of polyglot sacral texts appearing as a significant part of religious discourse and being a subject of rendering into different languages is worthwhile only when historical, chronological, sociocultural and situative factors which have an impact on the meaning of a sacral text are taken into consideration. Since translators were expected to observe the compulsory rules of rendering the meaning and structure of the source text, translations appeared that distorted the text meaning or did not reproduce it accurately. Keywords: religious discourse, the Gospel of St. Matthew, sacral text, diachronic approach, contrastive- comparative analysis, translation | 1175 | |||||
| 139 | A characteristic feature of Northern Samoyedic is the referential, non-possessive use of second person possessive suffixes (further PX.2P) as a means of encoding topics. Although the importance of this feature for information structure is relatively well understood, the interaction of information structure with syntax has not received sufficient attention in prior research; the central aim of this study is to shed light on the structure of the noun phrase that hosts the referential PX. The investigation is a qualitative follow-up study of a prior investigation on the function and use of the PX.2P in the indigenous languages of the Taimyr Peninsula (Siegl in print). As the data of this study demonstrates, Northern Samoyedic languages display uniform structural behavior in their morphosyntactic realization of PX.2P marked noun phrases, in both verbal and non-verbal predication. Furthermore, topic marking in two languages of the same area, Dolgan and Taimyr Pidgin Russian, will be briefly examined too. Keywords: Northern Samoyedic languages, Dolgan, Taimyr Pidgin Russian, definiteness, possessive suffixes, information structure, noun phrase | 1172 | |||||
| 140 | The article deals with the archaeological activities of the famous Siberian historian and archaeologist A.P. Umansky in the 1980s – early 2000s. His long-standing cooperation with the researcher of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences V.A. Mogilnikov was of great importance. The most large-scale result of archaeological research of scientists were the excavations of the Novotroitsk necropolis, conducted in 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986-1991. In all, 314 burials were excavated in Novotroitsk, 296 of which belong to the Scythian time, 16 – to the Late Bronze Age, 1– to the Middle Ages and 1– due to total destruction, remained undefined. One of the important joint scientific developments of A.P. Umansky and V.A. Mogilnikov became the selection of the Kamensk archaeological culture of the second half of the 1st millennium BC. In contrast to the traditional point of view, they linked the origin of Kamensk complexes not only with the development of the autochthonous Bolsherechensk culture, but in many respects with the penetration of the new population from the west or south-west. In 1985, A.P. Umansky took part in the excavations of the Rogozikha-1 mound group, during which a unique oriental-mirror rattle with images of religious-symbolic scenes was found. The definition of image semantics required intensive work to find analogies in archaeological and written sources, including ancient Indian epic works. The scientist interpreted the plot on the Rogozikha mirror as a multi-valued symbolic image of the solemn descent into the underworld. In the 1989–1990th he participated in the research of archaeological sites in the natural boundary of Karban, on the left bank of the Katun-river. As a result of the excavations material that characterizes the different stages of the history of the population of the Altai Mountains in the era of early iron was obtained and which has great historical and artistic value. During the period under review, A.P. Umansky was fruitfully engaged in publishing and understanding the accumulated archaeological sources, he strove to introduce his numerous materials of previous years into scientific circulation. Keywords: archeology, Umansky, Mogilnikov, Novotroitsk, Rogozikha, Karban, Kamensk culture | 1171 | |||||
| 141 | The article reviews a history of an old believer’s family, residing in the territory of Altai and exiled to the Tomsk region in the 1930s. The biographies of family members were reconstructed. One of the representatives of the family – E. A. Yakovleva – wrote several manuscripts in the 1980s., which are stored now in Rare Books and Manuscripts Department of Tomsk State University Research Library (ORKP NB TGU). The manuscripts were analyzed from the paleographical point of view and in terms of content as well. It was found that E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts includes mainly liturgical texts, mostly canons. A comparison was accomplished between E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts and other manuscripts from ORKP. In particular, manuscripts of Skitskaia library (old believers of the north of Tomsk region) and “raskol'nichia” library of Tomsk seminary were involved. Catalogs of old believer's editions of XVIII–XIX were also used for analysis. It is concluded that the formation of text`s corpus under studying was occurred not earlier than the beginning of XIX century. Paleographical descriptions of E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts are presented in the annex to the article. Keywords: old believers, special resettlement, book history, paleography, codicology, Book of Canons, Tomsk region, Altay region | 1170 | |||||
| 142 | The article is devoted to the development of the Northern Urals as the territory of the settlement of the ancestors of the Northern group of the Mansi people in the past. The subjects of the research are ethnographic and archaeological data reflecting the stages of development of this part of the Urals as well as mythological texts which illustrate these data. Against the background of unequal settlement the formation of different actual level and social development of mythological characters revealed: the epic heroes of the song times; unions of the "owners" of the Urals; the tribes of ancient hunters; fraternal groups of soldiers both the autochthons and the aliens. The material of the article, including Mansi terminology, focuses on a group of native speakers of the Northern dialect of Mansi language. The purpose of the study is filling a gap in the insufficiently studied theme about the early colonization of the Urals and its first settlers on the materials of mythology. Keywords: Northern Ural, Mansi, mythological epochs, ancient population, wars, resettlement | 1169 | |||||
| 143 | The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act. Keywords: khakass language, Turkic languages, verb, visual perception, meaning | 1169 | |||||
| 144 | The paper explores the agricultural practices of middle-Ob (Narym) Selkups. The agricultural practices in question imply the cultivation of soil for cereals and garden cultures. The discussion reviews possible sources of agricultural tradition in local Samoyedic population, estimated length of adaptation of agricultural skills, and the initial results of cultivation of cereal and garden cultures. In the process of the study, it was identified that until the XVII cent. the middle-Ob Selkups did not practice agriculture. The original culture demonstrated the typical forest hunter-fisher culture. The initial introduction of agricultural technology can be dated to the initial settlement of Russian population in the Narym area in the XVII century. The analysis produced a set of conclusions: regardless of isolated attempts, cereal cultivation failed to integrate into the Selkup culture for a variety of reasons; garden cultivation, as another external innovation, managed to integrate solidly, occasionally at the expense of the dominant traditional hunter-fisher economy. Synchronically, garden cultivation can be considered a stable component of the traditional Selkup economy. Keywords: Selkups, agriculture in Siberia, innovation, cereal cultivation, garden cultivation, traditional food production | 1168 | |||||
| 145 | In a wide sense diamorphism can be determined as a losing genetic uniformity by a language i.e. monolingualism of its idiom. Being a heterogeneous (polyglossic) language due to its resources the contemporary German contains layers of heterolingual means functioning in the German literary speech synchronously as diglossic variants of stylistically different values, eg.: posten – veröffentlichen, Coverstory – Titelgeschichte. Concerning the diglossy of the type „German vs. (American) English“ resulting from the exoglossic language situation in Germany since 1945 the diamorphism tendency can be characterized as a preferring heterogeneous (English) variants to autochthonous ones by speakers. In a narrow sense diamorphism is opposite to isomorphism and is manifested in prevailing of foreign resources over German ones in separate lexical-semantic groups or discourses. Diamorphism tendencies in contemporary German within an invasive borrowing of Anglo-Americanisms are detected by deriving the exoglossic index that explicate a grade of a certain intralinguistic sublevel’s subsystems to be susceptible to the influence of a donor language and is a quotient of the total of a sublevel means ({х} underlevel) and the quantity of Anglo-American borrowings detected ({х}АА): Iэкз={x}подуровень/{x}АА The exoglossic index under 0,5 displays an inconspicuous infiltration of Anglophonic material and isomorphic functioning of a sublevel. A figure above 0,5 explicates a diamorphism tendency in a certain lexical sphere. Keywords: diamorphism, resource heterogeneity, isomorphism, contemporary German, exoglossic index, density of lexical and grammatical invasiveness | 1166 | |||||
| 146 | The article aims at questions of identity and language practice of Russian/Russian-speaking po pulation of Fergana. Ethno-cultural identity of the Russian population, which was formed in the prerevolutionary and Soviet periods, was based on the traditions established in Ferghana as a center of military-colonial administration of Ferghana region: a high level of education of the population, the presence of theatre, reading and wide dissemination of the Russian language in the city. These factors became the basis of “Oldferghan’s identity”, which was acutely aware of the population of Fergana in a difficult post-Soviet period during the active rural-urban migration to the city. During the period of sovereignty in the city, as well as in the country, has changed the status of the Russian language, closed the main industrial enterprises, which were occupied by Russian, decreased the scope of employment, which ultimately led to mass migration from Fergana. If in 1926 in Ferghana lived 55 % of Russian, then in 2013 the share of Russian is 3.4 %. “Oldferghan’s Russian” still strives to maintain the high standards of the former culture of Fergana and at the same time adapting to the new realities of the city. The results showed that the Russian master the national language or know it within the minimum necessary for the job. However, conformity to the language question does not mean full integration in the Russian socio-cultural environment of post-Soviet Ferghana. Adapting to Russian conditions of Fergana, losing Soviet status of cultural capital and cosmopolitan city, is more complicated. Between indigenous people and visitors of Fergana there is alienation associated with complete-ly different lifestyle. Keywords: Russian-speaking population, titular, language practice, state language, identity | 1166 | |||||
| 147 | The article deals with the dynamics of functional development of modern Tuva language in compliance with diachronic-sociolinguistic approach. Given the attempt to characterize the history of Tuvan functional development in connection with Tuvan society history, the article describes the social changes that had a direct impact on the functional status of the language. The author conditionally identifies several stages in Tuvan functional development and this division allows seeing language development from one stage to another. Particular attention is paid to pre-Soviet era: Tuvan-Mongolian language contacts, history of Tuvan national writing, language peculiarities during the existence of Tuvan People's Republic, political situation. This time is considered as positive and associated with formation of literary form of the language, expansion of its social functions. The functional state of the language in the Soviet period is characterized by the increasing role of the Russian language in everyday life of Tuvans, the gradual increase of Tuvan-Russian bilingualism, the reduction of some communicative spheres of Tuvan. At the same time, studies showed that during the Soviet period Tuvan remained the main means of communication of Tuvans. Socio-political changes in the early 1990's contributed to the settlement of the legal status of the Tuvan language, strengthening the national consciousness of Tuvans. On the base of historical reconstruction the general situation of the Tuvan language interaction with Mongolian and Russian is introduced. The analysis show that Mongolian and Russian had significant influence to the Tuvan functional development, namely these languages were its main contact influences. The survey also demonstrates that at the beginning, Mongolian and Russian were mainly used for management, interethnic contacts and maintained only official spheres. The author concludes that such functional distribution led to limited, asymmetrical use of the modern Tuva language in official spheres. In conclusion the stages of Tuvan functional development are represented. Keywords: language situation, functional distribution, social function, the Tuva language, Tuvans, Republic of Tuva | 1166 | |||||
| 148 | Based on the material of the ethnographic documentary «Country of Golds» by the classic of Soviet cinema, Amo Bek-Nazarov, the article considers the direction of artistic documentary as an example of visual and anthropological experiments in the USSR at the turn of the 1920–1930s. Analyzing archival data, director’s diaries, and contemporary testimonies, the author traces the evolution of the mentioned film project in connection with parallel processes in politics and cinema. In the period under study, Soviet filmmakers tested various visualization formats of ethnicity, constructing the Soviet myth of the peoples of the new Union freed by the revolution, which the party leadership needed. Based on an illustrative example of the work of director Amo Bek-Nazarov, the article traces the use of the capabilities of ethnographic cinema as a resource for creating effective on-screen images for traditional use: traditional life (the image of the «dark past») and innovations of socialism (the image of the «bright future»). As soon as the film «Country of Golds» is a kind of film text, consisting of approximately the same number of film frames and text captions alternating in the narrative, the method of analysis of the film was its research decoding – «translation» into text format. The article analyzes the potential of the cinema as a form of visual anthropology, and the film as a multicomponent historical source that displays the culture of the film being shot and shot, reflecting the silhouettes of culture and ideology of its time. Conclusions are drawn about the film «Country of Golds» as a multi-layered historical cinema source, and about the director’s creative methodology for combining documentary and artistic techniques in the process of ethno-cinematic work, as relevant for study and use in modern visual anthropological practice. Keywords: visual anthropology, anthropological cinema, Amo Bek-Nazarov, national politics, USSR | 1166 | |||||
| 149 | The article deals with the processes which took place in rural Siberian under the influence of the Great Patriotic war under the conditions of completed collectivization and defarming. It is demonstrated that the deterioration of life conditions of Russian Siberians contributed to the return to traditions of peasant culture of self-sustainability. This tendency is analyzed on the basis of new field research and materials of oral history. The article presents the characteristic of cultural groups of Russians in Siberia and the adaptation of their traditions of making leather, fur and woolen winter clothing and footwear under the conditions of the absence of stock-raising materials. The author introduces the notion of compensating technologies, describes replacement of hides, pelts and wool of live-stock by other materials. The use of by-products of gopher hunting, dog hides and hides of fallen animals for crafting winter peasant clothes and footwear is analyzed in detail. The author makes the conclusion about simplification of technology and manufacturing processes used in raw materials procession and crafting of clothing and footwear in the peasant family, that was an evidence of archaization of elements of self-sustainability culture. The article proves that it led to the disappearance of cultural differences between groups of Russian population of Siberian village, their unification. For example, Siberians replaced traditional leather footwear with bast shoes, which is characteristic of Russian population of central Russia. Attention is paid to innovations in the policies of the Soviet state which supported traditional crafts to ensure self-sustainability of civilians and the repressed population of Siberia with winter clothing essential for their life activities under hard conditions of war time. The turn in the policy of the Soviet state from elimination of peasant's traditions to their support is characterized by the example of regulation of handicraft and cooperative industry manufacturing footwear with wooden soles and wooden footwear for industrial and household purposes. During the war years, under the conditions of mobilization of all stock-raising materials of collective farms and farmsteads for the needs of the army at war, their manufacturing was recommended for providing people in the system of compulsory labor (GULAG labor camps, labor armies), and at enterprises of food industry (butter-making plants, flax-processing plants). The paper reveals the replacement of traditional leather footwear with the soft sole by footwear with the wooden sole among Russian peasants of Siberia during the war time. Keywords: war, rear, Siberia, Russian peasantry, winter clothes and footwear, raw materials, processing and manufacturing technologies, traditions and innovations, state policy | 1161 | |||||
| 150 | In this paper, I examined some characteristics of -lkAn, a proprietive suffix in Ewen. Added to nominal stems, this suffix expresses possession. Nouns suffixed with -lkAn (N-lkAn) can function as adnominals, predicates, and adverbials. The semantic extent of the suffix -lkAn is not limited to possession, but covers various other meanings as well. In adverbial usage, for instance, the suffix conveys the meaning of ‘possession at that very moment.’ The other meanings expressed by N-lkan are as follows: (i) ‘An accompanier’, when added to a noun that signifies a person, a personal pronoun, or a personal proper noun (personal name) (in adverbial usage). (ii) ‘Being worn’ or ‘in use’, when added to a noun that signifies clothing. (iii) ‘A quantitative unit’ or ‘an amount’, when added to a noun that signifies a container. (iv) ‘A person’s age’, when added to a numeral. Although the ‘accompaniment’ meaning can be expressed by the comitative case as well as the suffix -lkAn, these two constructions are significantly different. The comitative case suffix can co-occur with a personal possessive suffix, while the suffix -lkAn cannot. N-lkAn can serve as an adverbial either with or without an instrumental case suffix. Without the instrumental case, it means a state of ‘put on’, ‘being worn’, or ‘in use’, whereas with the instrumental case, it does not necessarily imply this state. In addition, there is an abessive form, the aač -LA phrase, which is semantically opposite to the proprietive suffix-lkAn. The meaning of the aač -LA phrase covers ‘absence’, ‘non-possession’, and ‘non-accompaniment.’ The proprietive suffix and the abessive form share certain similarities in that they both have adnominal, predicative, and adverbial usages. However, in terms of morphosyntax, they show some differences; for instance, in the adverbial usage, the aač -LA phrase requires an instrumental case suffix, while N-lkAn can be used as an adverbial either with or without the instrumental case suffix. Keywords: Ewen, Even, Tungusic, proprietive suffix, possession | 1158 | |||||