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| 151 | The article attempts to provide a systemic description of the phenomenon of pseudoborrowing which is characteristic for modern literary languages. The focus of discussion is the extralinguistic determinism of this phenomenon also peculiar to conventional borrowings. The first significant feature of pseudoborrowing appears its secondary character to the actual borrowing, which becomes the foundation for the subsequent processes of a posteriori word formation within the recipient language. The second important feature of pseudoborrowing is its being unknown and incomprehensible by speakers of a donor language. The third one is the manipulative character of this language phenomenon. Under this aspect pseudoborrowing can be viewed in two ways: either as a result of conscious manipulation of borrowed morphological material by recipient language speakers, e. g., for ideological purposes; or as a phenomenon of “reactive power” of language system, constantly forced to create something new out of available means within an exoglossic language situation. Pseudoborrowing is considered an ambivalent phenomenon: on the one hand, mentioned above extralinguistic determinism features and the designation itself emphasize its exogenous nature; on the other hand, the a posteriori nature of its products compared with the actual borrowing testify to its endogenous nature, i. e., belonging to the internal processes of a recipient language. The intensity of forming pseudoborrowings is proportional to the prestige of the borrowed donor language material in the communicative practice of recipient language speakers. The phenomenon of pseudoborrowing is a symptom of the diversification and internationalization of the morphological substrate of a certain lingua franca. The advantage of the approach proposed lies in the possibility of a holistic interpretation of the nature of pseudoborrowing considering trends of sociolinguistic and contactological orders. Keywords: pseudoborrowing, aposteriori coinages, manipulation, diamorphism tendencies, exo-glossic language situation | 1350 | |||||
| 152 | The paper presents the field notes of I. N. Guemuev made during his trip to the Northern Mansi community in 1986 and the comments of the author. The field data mostly describe the ceremonies of the Mansi life circle but also include the description of diet restrictions, worshipping the family’s guardian spirits, some sacred places. The ceremony held at womens’ sacred place Araschkan in the village of Novinskie is described in detail. Keywords: Mansi, ceremony, sacrifice, burial, matchmaking, spirits | 1349 | |||||
| 153 | The ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement is a place well-known to Tomsk residents, which is located on the left bank of the River Tom, opposite the city of Tomsk. The area took its name from a fortified settlement once located here. According to folk legends, the leader of Eoushta Tatars called Toyan was based in this area. The research into it started in the late XIX century, however at that time and afterwards it was limited only to the inspection and collection of finds on the surface. In the early XX century such settlements and adjacent territories would be chosen for countryside houses construction. In the first half of the XX century, a TB sanatorium was built here, and the fortified settlement was largely destroyed and partially filled with construction waste. Some unpublished documents and unknown collections of finds related to this archaeological site are now kept at Tomsk museums. The article presents a previously unpublished layout of the ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement and of its burial ground drawn by M. P. Gryaznov in 1924 as well as A. P. Dulson’s finds collected at the site in 1952. Keywords: ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement, Toyan, Tatars of Eoushta, history of research, ceramics | 1346 | |||||
| 154 | The article reviews a history of an old believer’s family, residing in the territory of Altai and exiled to the Tomsk region in the 1930s. The biographies of family members were reconstructed. One of the representatives of the family – E. A. Yakovleva – wrote several manuscripts in the 1980s., which are stored now in Rare Books and Manuscripts Department of Tomsk State University Research Library (ORKP NB TGU). The manuscripts were analyzed from the paleographical point of view and in terms of content as well. It was found that E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts includes mainly liturgical texts, mostly canons. A comparison was accomplished between E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts and other manuscripts from ORKP. In particular, manuscripts of Skitskaia library (old believers of the north of Tomsk region) and “raskol'nichia” library of Tomsk seminary were involved. Catalogs of old believer's editions of XVIII–XIX were also used for analysis. It is concluded that the formation of text`s corpus under studying was occurred not earlier than the beginning of XIX century. Paleographical descriptions of E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts are presented in the annex to the article. Keywords: old believers, special resettlement, book history, paleography, codicology, Book of Canons, Tomsk region, Altay region | 1345 | |||||
| 155 | 1344 | ||||||
| 156 | The article deals with the dynamics of functional development of modern Tuva language in compliance with diachronic-sociolinguistic approach. Given the attempt to characterize the history of Tuvan functional development in connection with Tuvan society history, the article describes the social changes that had a direct impact on the functional status of the language. The author conditionally identifies several stages in Tuvan functional development and this division allows seeing language development from one stage to another. Particular attention is paid to pre-Soviet era: Tuvan-Mongolian language contacts, history of Tuvan national writing, language peculiarities during the existence of Tuvan People's Republic, political situation. This time is considered as positive and associated with formation of literary form of the language, expansion of its social functions. The functional state of the language in the Soviet period is characterized by the increasing role of the Russian language in everyday life of Tuvans, the gradual increase of Tuvan-Russian bilingualism, the reduction of some communicative spheres of Tuvan. At the same time, studies showed that during the Soviet period Tuvan remained the main means of communication of Tuvans. Socio-political changes in the early 1990's contributed to the settlement of the legal status of the Tuvan language, strengthening the national consciousness of Tuvans. On the base of historical reconstruction the general situation of the Tuvan language interaction with Mongolian and Russian is introduced. The analysis show that Mongolian and Russian had significant influence to the Tuvan functional development, namely these languages were its main contact influences. The survey also demonstrates that at the beginning, Mongolian and Russian were mainly used for management, interethnic contacts and maintained only official spheres. The author concludes that such functional distribution led to limited, asymmetrical use of the modern Tuva language in official spheres. In conclusion the stages of Tuvan functional development are represented. Keywords: language situation, functional distribution, social function, the Tuva language, Tuvans, Republic of Tuva | 1344 | |||||
| 157 | In this paper, I examined some characteristics of -lkAn, a proprietive suffix in Ewen. Added to nominal stems, this suffix expresses possession. Nouns suffixed with -lkAn (N-lkAn) can function as adnominals, predicates, and adverbials. The semantic extent of the suffix -lkAn is not limited to possession, but covers various other meanings as well. In adverbial usage, for instance, the suffix conveys the meaning of ‘possession at that very moment.’ The other meanings expressed by N-lkan are as follows: (i) ‘An accompanier’, when added to a noun that signifies a person, a personal pronoun, or a personal proper noun (personal name) (in adverbial usage). (ii) ‘Being worn’ or ‘in use’, when added to a noun that signifies clothing. (iii) ‘A quantitative unit’ or ‘an amount’, when added to a noun that signifies a container. (iv) ‘A person’s age’, when added to a numeral. Although the ‘accompaniment’ meaning can be expressed by the comitative case as well as the suffix -lkAn, these two constructions are significantly different. The comitative case suffix can co-occur with a personal possessive suffix, while the suffix -lkAn cannot. N-lkAn can serve as an adverbial either with or without an instrumental case suffix. Without the instrumental case, it means a state of ‘put on’, ‘being worn’, or ‘in use’, whereas with the instrumental case, it does not necessarily imply this state. In addition, there is an abessive form, the aač -LA phrase, which is semantically opposite to the proprietive suffix-lkAn. The meaning of the aač -LA phrase covers ‘absence’, ‘non-possession’, and ‘non-accompaniment.’ The proprietive suffix and the abessive form share certain similarities in that they both have adnominal, predicative, and adverbial usages. However, in terms of morphosyntax, they show some differences; for instance, in the adverbial usage, the aač -LA phrase requires an instrumental case suffix, while N-lkAn can be used as an adverbial either with or without the instrumental case suffix. Keywords: Ewen, Even, Tungusic, proprietive suffix, possession | 1342 | |||||
| 158 | The rite of seeing off the recruits (soldiers) of the Chuvashs, like that of other peoples of Russia, began to take shape with the introduction of recruitment duty. According to the unfolding and variability, recruit rituals are much more inferior to wedding and funeral-memorial rituals, but it is nevertheless a rather complex and structured ritual complex. In this work, on the basis of archival, literary sources and author's field materials, the magical rites, signs and beliefs that took place in the recruitment ritual of the Chuvashs in the Volga-Ural region in the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Their goal is identified as having a magical effect on the fate of the conscripted to military service, furnishing their surroundings with reliable and permanent protection, ensuring a safe return to their homeland. Keywords: Chuvashs, seeing off in recruits, magic rituals, Volga-Ural region | 1339 | |||||
| 159 | The present study deals with nonverbal predicate constructions and strategies used to negate them in Ket. The types of nonverbal predicates discussed in the article include nominal (inclusive and equative), attributive and locative (locative (proper), existential, and possessive) constructions. The strategies employed to negate each predicate type are analyzed with respect to morphosyntatic and paradigmatic symmetry / asymmetry they display as opposed to their affirmative counterparts, as well as whether these strategies differ from the standard negation in the language. Particular attention is paid to a special subtype of negative existential predicates that has features typical for the locative (proper) type of nonverbal predicates. The results of the study are meant to supplement the ongoing areal and typological research of negation in nonverbal predicative constructions. Keywords: Ket, negation, nonverbal predicates, locative constructions, existential constructions, possessive constructions, endangered languages, Siberian languages, typology | 1338 | |||||
| 160 | This paper analyzes some of the aspects of Western-Europe’s anti-Semitism. A retrospect of the ethnical treatment of Jews in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union of the 1920s–1940s, the paper focuses on the way the Jewish national character is represented in pre-revolutionary and Soviet cinema. The pre-revolutionary Russian cinema, featuring mainly melodramatic storylines, makes the audience feel sympathy for the Jewish misfortune, thus suggesting the viewers to see the Jew as a fellow man. In contrast, the Soviet cinema depicts the traditional Jewish way of life, representing the Jewish involvement in the February Revolution of 1917, partly portraying the events of Jewish resettlement in the Crimea, as well as the resettlement of Jews in the Far Eastern Jewish Autonomous Region. Keywords: national identity, Jewish national character, antisemitism, the traditional Jewish way of life depicted in the pre-revolutionary Russian cinema, the Jewish involvement in the Russian Revolution as portrayed in the Soviet cinema, Jewish resettlement (in th | 1332 | |||||
| 161 | The article considers the possibilities of representation of heritage of immigrants from Russia, who have made a significant contribution to the development of Belarus by a cluster strategy in the organization of cultural and tourist programs. Cultural and tourism cluster is a group of related organizations in the sphere of culture and tourism industry, which, together with governments, business entities, research centers, etc., are involved in economic and sociocultural relations and interact with each other, creating a complex cultural tourism product within a given region. Emphasis is placed on the material and spiritual heritage of the great historical figures of Vasily Tatishchev, Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky, Zakhar Chernyshev, Fedor and Irina Paskevich, Alexander Suvorov, Ilya Repin and others, as well as prominent representatives of culture of XX and XXI centuries: the composer Nicholas Aladov, sculptor Andrey Bembel, architect Yuri Gradov, artist Valentin Volkov, director Vladimir Korsh-Sablin, poets Konstantin Simonov and Alexander Twardowski, musician Vladimir Mulyavin, choreographer Valentin Elizaryev and others. Keywords: cluster, representation of heritage, historical and cultural heritage, Russian in Belarus | 1332 | |||||
| 162 | The study of the phenomenon of anadiplosis is an urgent research task. Semantic analysis of epic language units were conducted while dictionary definitions, while identifying anadiplosis in the text of the Yakut heroic epic "Mighty Er Sogotokh" of V. O. Karataev. To identify with sufficient completeness the variety and diversity of means of cohesion expressed by anadiplosis in the text of Olonkho, the decomposition of anadiplosis to the elements was performed with the help of component analysis. The verification method is used for linguistic units to establish the truth of ontological information concerning the problem of cohesion in the evolution of the epic narrative. The direct nominative meaning of the linguistic units of the Yakut language is taken to reflects the main components of the analyzed structure, and contributes to the explication of the unit’s actualization in the context. The semantic-cognitive analysis using cognitive interpretation of anadiplosis reveals the venture point of the narrator and the audience on the epic reality, epic articulation of time and space. Retrospective and prospective analysis of the examples has been used to describe and classify aspects of anadiplosis in Olonkho. The general method of research is inductive-deductive, i.e. as a result of the analysis of language data, theoretical conclusions are made. In consequence of the study it is determined that anadiplosis in the text of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, represents the contact cohesion, and is one of the main means of effective communication, explicit in the surface structure of the text: at the junction of the main epic narrative and its complement. They are generated by the epic scale of the text and are a clear evidence of the nonlinearity of epic narrative, as also evidenced by the simulated schemes of anadiplosis. It was also revealed that anadiplosis is formed through repetition and verbal repetition in conjunction with demonstratives: ol / ool, bu. All considered examples consist of two complementary terms, which are discrete structures. In the classification of anadiplosis we can distinguish three main types: retrospective, conditionally medial and prospective, where the main principle of classification is the temporal focus of anadiplosis. Keywords: Olonkho, catching up, junction, anadiplosis, cohesion, repetition, retrospective anadiplosis, medial anadiplosis, prospective anadiplosis, return anadiplosis | 1332 | |||||
| 163 | The article examines conditions and mechanisms of formation of different models of collective identities of Turkic language peoples of Siberia at the end of the 20th century – at the beginning of the 21th century. The article demonstrates the importance of archaic social institutions as an initial stage of modeling of clan identities. The link between the ethnic processes and the emergence of ethnic models of identities is emphasized. The incompleteness of ethnic consolidation is reflected in the desire to abandon the artificial ethnonyms and the search of new ones. The article shows the importance of confessional identity as an additional factor for the strengthening of feebly marked ethnic identity. Moreover, the article reveals the importance of historical (quasihistorical) memory for the construction of different models of identities and also for construction “All-Turkic” (“Central Asian”) model of identity. Keywords: identity, ethnic identity, Turkic language peoples of Siberia, historical memory, clan, ethnonim, religion, ethnic processes, construction | 1329 | |||||
| 164 | A. P. Dulzon (09.11.1900–15.01.1973) is well known among the specialists in Uralic studies as the scholar with a wide range of research interests, the developer of the new fundamental principles of Samoyedic studies. Professor Dulzon is acknowledged for his significant contribution to the studies of the pre-russian population of Western Siberia: Chulym Tatars, Ket and Selkup languages, Yeniseic-Chukotsko-Koryak similarities in verb conjugation, common features of the Indoeuropean and Uralo-Altaic verb-forms, commonalities in noun declension of Indoeuropean and Yeniseic languages. A. P. Dulzon also focused his research on the study of hydronyms, their origin and semantics. Special attention is paid to the study of ancient toponyms. According to A. P. Dulzon, the analysis of such toponyms is hampered by the complexity of their modern structure, the original form of which is often completely modified by numerous layers of previous place-names. The toponyms of the Ugro-Samoyedic origin belong to the ancient toponyms of the Ural-Volga area, and can be analysed by deciphering their complex phonetic and semantic structure modified in the past centuries. The analysis points to the complexity of the ethnogenetic processes in the Ural-Volga area and Western Siberia. Consequently, it is impossible to study the existing toponymic system of the Ural-Volga area as formed by the peoples residing there at present and ignore the chronological periods of their formation and the influence of substrate, superstrate and other phenomena. The etymological interpretation of the hydronyms of the Ural-Volga area is impossible without extensive diachronic and synchronic comparative analysis, and without taking chronological and areal considerations. The comparative cartography of the hydronyms of the Ural-Volga area reveals their twin-hydronyms in Western Siberia. Keywords: A. P. Dulzon, Ural-Volga area, toponymy | 1328 | |||||
| 165 | The article analyzes the semantic structure of the basic perceptual verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- «listen» in the Khakass language. In particular, peripheral components of their semantics that are not reflected in dictionary interpretations, which are formed by the ratio of grammatical and semantic elements, are identified and described. It is established that the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Grammatical indicators clarify and add certain shades to the semantics of the verb. The correlation of grammatical and meaningful components in the semantic structure of the verb кöр- «look, see» is systematized in syntactic constructions that convey evaluative statements on the part of the speaker (кöрдек аны…). As an introductory word, this verb forms constructions expressing fear and caution from a negative situation; punishment with a touch of categorical; threat and warning that the speaker is ready to respond to unwanted actions of the enemy. The disclosure of relevant grammatical and meaningful forms in the structure of the verb ис- «listen» is not fixed by us. However, much less frequently than the verb кöр- «look, see», he can introduce a construct that describes a perceptual situation or a fact that is a reliable persuasive argument of the speaker being right. Most often, the verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- « listen; hear» are often used in the form of appeals to visual and auditory perception. Thus, the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Keywords: Khakass language, basic perceptual verbs, communicative act, speaking, semantics | 1328 | |||||
| 166 | 1325 | ||||||
| 167 | In the article the data collected by the author during the expedition (November and December 2017) to Tukhard (Karaul rural settlement, Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District) and the nomadic settlements of reindeer herders in Tukhard tundra are considered. In the first section оf the article the question about the boundaries of Tukhard tundra, the key “milestones” of Tukhard history and the data on the population of the region are considered. In the second section the author describes the material of the research (the detailed sociolinguistic interviews with the analysis of genealogical lines, “family trees” and language biographies of the native speakers of the Tukhard idiom of the Taimyr dialect of Tundra Nenets) and deals with the main difficulties and problems of the method of sociolinguistic reconstruction according to the data of language biographies. In the third section there are the lists of surnames of different local ethnic groups, living in Tukhard tundra (Tundra Nenets, Tundra Enets, Dolgans etc.). In the fourth section of the article the author illustrates the possibilities of the method of sociolinguistic reconstruction according to the data of language biographies: the peculiarities of multilingualism functioning in the conditions of mixed marriages and economic activities of representatives of different ethnic groups, as well as linguistic ideologies behind them are considered. In addition, this section shows how the loss of multilingualism (“the big shift to Tundra Nenets”) occured. In conclusion the author highlightes the uniqueness of the local group of Tukhard Nenets, in which a lot of different ethnic components are “dissolved”. Keywords: Tundra Nenets, Tundra Enets, Dolgan, language biography, sociolinguistics, linguistic ideology, multilingualism, local ethnic group | 1323 | |||||
| 168 | An important component of the contemporary Mongolian ethnicity – native nomadic places («nutag») and their representations are being explored. Different variations of the interpretation of this image are given. The situational essence of nutag perception is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to individual features of understanding and localization of a small homeland. The sources of the nutag study are conditionally divided into three groups: oral, old-written and modern musical-literary. When considering sources, special attention is paid to the literary and musical-poetic creativity of Mongolian authors of the 20th – early 21st century. The traditional notion of nutag is an understanding of the specific landscape in which the spirit-masters and the spirits of the ancestors of living people inhabit. These people support a psycho-emotional and mental connection with their native nomadic places. Today this representation is replaced by generalized images and only for an outside observer it becomes an abstraction. In fact, the nutag, as before, for each Mongolian retains a deep semantic load that is not extrapolated to the outside observers. In conclusion, the dual essence of the contemporary ideas about the Mongol homeland is emphasized: external abstractness and internal individual imagery, which is associated with a specific locality, natural objects and spirits-masters of the native landscape. Keywords: Mongolia, Mongolians, ethnic self-consciousness, ethnicity, homeland, image | 1320 | |||||
| 169 | In this article, on a wide factual material addresses the issue of entry into the culture of the Selkups of flour and bread as food. Comparative cross-cultural analysis of ways to use flour and making bread: information from Selkup are compared with data collected from people living in adjacent territories – Vasyugan, Wachowski, Yugansk Khants, North (the fans) Selkups, kets, Nenets and other peoples of Western Siberia. The result of the study were the following conclusions: firstly, the widespread of bread in the culture of the Selkups refers to the period of settlement of the Narym Russian (XVII century); secondly, which appeared as an innovation, the bread has a firm place in the system of their traditional culture and production, life-supporting, social normative. Keywords: flour, bread, traditional culture, power system, baking oven, hearth bread, middle Ob Selkup, Vasyugan-Vakh Khanty | 1318 | |||||
| 170 | The article is written based on the research of the set of historical documents, written materials provided by the head of the polish national and cultural association “Spring” N. E. Hartman about the fate of Poles in the Altay Mountains in 1930–1950. The article focuses on the necessity of restoration and preservation of historical records about the fate of Polish people in periods of deportation and Stalinist purges as well as during the Great Patriotic War in the Altay Mountain. The article is a try to accumulate research experience of scientists, public organizations and private individuals in regards to specification of the statistical and actual information about the fate of Poles in the Altay Mountain during Stalinist purges and the Great Patriotic War. Keywords: polish national and cultural association “Spring”, deportation, purges, Republic of Poland, Oirotia, Altay Mountains | 1316 | |||||
| 171 | The article is devoted to the description of the sacrificial complex in honor of the deity Mirsusne-khum, which was recorded during the field work in 2015 in the Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous district-Yugra. The complex consists of cover and a heroic helmet, both attributes of the Ob Mansi made from cloth. Dating of the objects held by him attached to the coins and determined the 1920s–1930s are the analogs described previously, the author proposes his own version of the semantics of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, which are presented at the cover and helmet. The iconography of the Heavenly horseman in the giant helmet reflects the era in which it was made: the figure of a deity endowed with the equipment and apparel specific to the Red army 1930-ies. Keywords: Mansi, helmet, cover, sacrifice, tradition | 1315 | |||||
| 172 | In the work the nomination of birch bark dishes, which enjoyed Selkups themselves as representatives of different dialect and local groups of this ethnos, is correlated with views of birch bark items characterising their everyday life. The samples of birch bark utensils of southern Selkups from Russian and Helsinki (Finland) museums were used for the analysis, the museum documentation accompanying them was also analysed. The correlation of all available real copies in groups of classification with identifying nominative nearby was conducted on the basis of the previously developed classification of birch bark utensils. They allowed to determine the general designations of groups of objects of traditional Selkup origin, to identify the particular dialect names, to determine borrowing of birch bark utensils by Selkups, on the basis of linguistic data. Keywords: birch bark utensils, Selkups, Selkup language, dialects of Selkup, Selkup collection in Russian museums, classification, nomination items | 1314 | |||||
| 173 | The paper discusses the issues of noun incorporation in the Ket language. The evidence is given that incorporated nouns are inserted into a separate slot following the agent slot and separated from the kernel verb stem by inflectional affixes. The constructions including the verbs with incorporated nouns denoting semantic patients are considered. The possibility of incorporating semantic locatives, instruments and materials is only outlined. The basic and derived incorporated syntactic structures are analyzed using the dynamic syntax principles presupposing the availability of derivative relationship between syntactic construction. Thus, special attention is paid to prototypical incorporation which predetermins the opposition of non-incorporated and incorporated constructions. The mechanism of the “secondary” transitivizing of the derived intransitive incorporated complexes is described. It is concluded that incorporation in Ket is not used extensively compared to some other incorporating languages. Keywords: Ket language, actant derivation, incorporation, patient noun incorporation, detransitivizing | 1314 | |||||
| 174 | Here we report on the results of the experimental study investigating an impact of verbal communication on male group cooperation. The coevolution of cooperation and verbal communication makes up a special interest within evolutionary anthropology, since Homo sapiens is distinguished by outstanding cooperative and communicative (language) abilities. Male cooperation is of particular interest. Historically emerged so that activities, which require high group-cooperation skills (warfare, big-game hunting), are predominantly or exclusively male occupations. Maintaining high level of cooperation among males, in contrast to females, was also encouraged by widely spread patrilocality tradition, meaning that males were closely genetically related with each other during the whole life-span (a powerful factor for enhancement of cooperation according to Hamilton’s kin-selection theory). Participants of our study were young men of Mongolian origin (Buryats of Southern Siberia), whose traditional culture involved nomadic pastoralism and patrilocality. Individual predispositions for pro-social behavior were assessed via group cooperation game – “Public Goods Game”, which was played in groups of four participants, under condition of the “face-to-face” interactions. In this game each participant was asked to decide how much of his own funds (real monetary equivalents were given to his disposal by the experimenter) he was willing to invest into a “common project” (not invested funds were kept by a participant). The sum of investments into “common project” was then doubled and distributed equally between all four group members. This game allows estimating individual predispositions for cooperation, cheating, and altruistic behavior. The experiment was conducted in 2 rounds: (1) under condition of absence of any intentional communication between participants; (2) with verbal negotiations option. Worth noting that all investment decisions in both rounds were made privily, so that other group members had no information on investments of their partners (even despite any verbal agreements in the second round). Our results have demonstrated that verbal communication has a crucial positive impact on cooperative behavior, shifts individual behavior towards maximizing group benefits as opposed to immediate personal gain. Increased individual verbal expressiveness was characteristic of highly pro-socially oriented subjects. However a small fraction of our participants was characterized by anti-social behavior (employing cheating strategy), and these subjects were even more talkative than others. This result suggests that cheaters have applied exaggerated (supernatural) stimulus to build own trustworthiness in a group, which is a prerequisite of successful cheating. The results are discussed from evolutionary perspective. Keywords: cooperation, communication, verbal communication, Public Goods Game, altruism, Buryats, human evolution | 1311 | |||||
| 175 | The paper presents the analysis of the speech behavior pattern of APOLOGY in German and Russian. In the first part of paper the illocution of APOLOGY is defined in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The contrastive research is carried out from three different angles. Firstly, from the structural viewpoint, main language patterns of the realization of APOLOGY are described. Secondly, from the pragmatic viewpoint, it is considered whether and how the situations in which Germans and Russians express APOLOGY are different. It is shown that the difference between conventional and substantial APOLOGY proves to be very important for the German-Russian comparison. And thirdly, the possibilities of expressing APOLOGY in German and Russian are described using the method of communicative-pragmatic field. The peculiarities of field organization in these languages are revealed. The study is based on the existing corpora of the German and the Russian. Keywords: speech behavior, apology, intercultural communication, contrastive linguistics, Russian, German | 1306 | |||||
| 176 | The paper described historical data about some of the medieval Turkic tribes related to the problem of the Kazakh peopleorigin and formation. The author analyzes and significantly develops the conclusions of researchers who studied ethnonyms preserved as a part of many Turkic people, including Kazakhs. There were systematized the data on the relationship between ethnonyms and geographical locality names whose territory inhabited by tribes with the same name, as well as the Altai origins of some of them and close mutual contacts with the common ethnic elements, later took part in the formation of many of the Turkic-speaking people. The objects of study have become some of the tribes-makskar, pelvis, sherkesh, kzylkurt. Studying these subjects has allowed the author to establish a possible relationship of ethnonyms appearance in the structure of the Kazakh tribal associations with the history of their formation, dating back to antiquity. The study relates to the formulation of the chronology stages problem formation of the Kazakh nation and is a supplement to the formation of protokazakh period. Keywords: ethnic processes, Kazakh tribes, mascart, taz, kyzylkurt, ethnohistorical relationship, tamgas | 1303 | |||||
| 177 | In this article, I will present data collected during the fieldwork in Khodz (Koshekhablsky District, Republic of Adygea, Russia). The participants (nine native speakers of Kuban dialect of Kabardian) were asked to solve several speech production tasks: – tell a story based on the picture to other participant; – read a prosaic text; – read a verse. Articulation rate was calculated as the number of syllables per second. Several measurements were made: average articulation rate of the different speakers during all tasks and average speech rate de pending on the utterance length. Spontaneous material considered, the average rate equaled 4,33 syllables per second with 95% confident interval equaled ±0,18 and standard deviation equaled 1,19. In (Fonagy, Magdics, 1960; Stepanova, 2011) it is reported a strong negative correlation between speech rate and the utterance length. Our data provide a small correlation (0,1252841 ± 0,07679026) between speech rate and the utterance length. All audio data were annotated using ELAN (v. 4.9.4); measurements were made using Praat (v. 5.3.16); all statistical inferences and visualization were made in R (v. 3.3.2). Keywords: Circassian languages, Kabardian, speech rate, speech production, text reading | 1302 | |||||
| 178 | This paper investigates linguistic and cultural aspects of metamorphosis of folklore characters of three peoples of Ob-Yenisei area: Ket, Selkup, and Khanty. This work focuses on variants of a single myth about the moon's origin shared by these three cultures. This myth revealed several metamorphoses, for example: man → man’s half without a heart → moon; man → swan → man’s half without a heart → moon, and the others. The structure of metamorphosis situations might include the following components: 1) who/what is transforming; 2) in whom/what subject is transforming; 3) initiator of transformation (if available); 4) what actions are accompanying and/or initiating the transformation. Thus the metamorphosis situation can be observed as a not elementary language unit, that is built by mutual penetration of composed components. Keywords: folklore, Ob-Yenisei area, metamorphosis, lexical and grammatical means of realization | 1299 | |||||
| 179 | The article analyzes metaphorical expressives as units of expressive lexical corpus in the Tuvan language in contrast with the Russian language. We offer our observations regarding expressive lexis formed by the means of semantic derivations. We present a general overview of such units and determine whether metaphorical transfer occurs in Tuvan or not, and list the areas of nomination where it occurs; after that, we analyze similar lexemes in the Russian language. Metaphorical meanings serve as universal means of expression of emotions and social evaluation in Tuvan and Russian. Our study shows that in Tuvan, this method of formation of new meaning definitely exists, 7 models of semantic derivation have been described. Individual traits of Tuvan and Russian world images are defined on the basis of metaphorical expressives. Keywords: metaphor, expressive, semantic derivation, Tuvan, Russian, language world image | 1299 | |||||
| 180 | The article is devoted to personal sources in Polish identified in the process of studying of the biography of Alexander Nikolayevich Murav'ev. He was one of the most famous of the Decembrists and the founder of the first Russian secret political societies The Union of Salvation and The Union of Prosperity. The article analyzes the Polish sources – Anthony Pausha’s journal, Peter Moshinsky’s memories and Józefa Shembekova’s memories. These texts are at first introduced into scientific research. These sources contain new and important information about the life of Decembrist in Tobolsk and his relationship with local officials, about his outlook and philosophy, personality and connections with the Polish comrades by exile and liberation movement. These sources are very creative and informative. For example, Anthony Pausha narrates an interesting fact from the history A. N. Murav'ev’s governorship. It’s clearly characterizes Decembrist’s complex relationship with the Governor-General of Western Siberia I. A. Velyaminov. The characteristic of A. N. Murav'ev’s political outlook is very important for Russian historians. Peter Moshinsky exactly describes Murav'ev’s convictions as a constitutional monarchy. He also tells about the Decembrist as “liberalists forever”. Thus completely is refuted the thesis of Murav'ev’s remorse after the uprising of the Decembrists. These estimates deserve full confidence. This is because not only P. Moshinsky was Murav'ev’s friend but also he was a prominent figure of the liberation movement, a liberal ally of the movement of Decembrists. Keywords: decembrists, liberation movement, Polish exile in Siberia, memoirs, administration, governance | 1298 | |||||
| 181 | The article for the first time publishes the results of interdisciplinary research of the hillfort Ust-Tagan, which is part of the Shaitan complex of archeological sites in the south of the Tomsk Region. It is concluded that the site Ust-Tagan in the 10th-13th centuries was a fortified point built near the iron ore deposit for its extraction. The main economy of the population were iron metallurgy and cattle breeding with a horses predominance in the herd. The origin of the ceramic traditions, represented in the materials of the settlement, is to be found in the complexes of the Upper Irtysh Region. The appearance of pastoralists-metallurgists in the Upper Ob River Region, who brought new knowledge about the production of iron, is most likely due to the disintegration of the "Kimako-Kypchak" Confederation and large migrations from the territory of the Upper Irtysh River Region. Keywords: Ust-Tagan Hillfort, Upper Ob River Region, High Middle Ages, Iron Metallurgy | 1298 | |||||
| 182 | The article displays the interconnection of language and habitat of homo under conditions of artificial selection; factors determining this interconnection are examined; advantages of environmental approach are emphasized and spheres of its potential implementation for language studies are proposed. The overriding prerequisite of the environmental determinism of language nature appears the fact, that outside their habitat human individuals easily do without language, which is considered an artificial product of cultural activity of man inside the human environment. Transferring language into the next generation occurs extragenomically – via environment mainly owning to ritualized everyday practice. Language is a non-recurrent and socially determined product of mankind, impossibly existing outside the habitat of homo or for only one person. The rhizome of language is developing nonlinearly, asymmetrically and acentrically. Keywords: human language, speech, talking, homo loquens, language acquisition, environment, environmental approach | 1293 | |||||
| 183 | The paper deals with functioning of the analytical additive marker əč̣ʼjə / jəč̣ʼjə in the Temirgoy dialect of West Circassian (also known as Adyghe) and the Kuban dialect of Kabardian and analyses some morphosyntactic parameters, which serve to differentiate its various functions. According to the hypothesis we propose, the marker əč̣ʼjə / jəč̣ʼjə, which originally had exclusively additive functions or functions of the marker of coordination, has developed new pragmatically oriented meanings (contrast, emphasis in negation, etc.). Such pragmaticalization seems to have been accompanied not only by optional phonetic erosion which resulted in the appearance of a new additive clitic but also by the word order change, which presumably can be related to other typological features of the Circassian languages. Keywords: Circassian, West Circassian, Adyghe, Kabardian, additive, coordination, pragmaticalization, grammaticalization, word order | 1291 | |||||
| 184 | The article outlines the basic perspective research in anthropology of labor law as an independent branch of anthropology of law. In the article the most significant issues of concern are developed. The authors propose the thesis of bio-anthropological evolutionary factors of modern labor law and labor relations. Apart from contributing to the basic knowledge, the anthropology of labor law serves practical functions. The studies of labor law in human evolution allow to deduce the long-term tendencies in the development of labor law, including the correlations between legal norms and human biology, cognition and basic interactions with the environment, developing social networks. It is justified thus to state that the labor law is determined by anthropological factors. The soft definition would state if not the determination, but at least the anthropological logic in the historical development and the modernity of legal regulation of social and labor relations. The understanding of such factors allows to solve the conflicts widespread in labor law, which are notoriously difficult within formal jurisprudence means. Keywords: anthropology of law, anthropology of labor law, human evolution, history of labor legislation | 1289 | |||||
| 185 | The paper reviews the role of “ethnic festivals” in the process of ethnic consolidation of Selkupancestry population in Narym area in ХХ–XXI centuries and the development of semi-professional arts and crafts within these festivals (performing arts). The discussion also reviews the role of neomythology in stimulating of consolidating processes and building ethnic identity. Keywords: Selkup, festivals, neomythology, folklore, folklore images, arts and crafts, performing arts | 1288 | |||||
| 186 | 1288 | ||||||
| 187 | This article shows the results of the corpus method approbation in the investigation of the folklore materials. The application of this method to purely folklore resources has allowed to describe the ethnographic character of the Selkup material culture in detail. The ethnographic context of the folklore texts from different Selkup local groups massively demonstrates their main subsistence activities: a combination of hunting and fishing. Meanwhile, each local group reveals its own distinctive features: the Middle-Taz areal – duck-hunting and fishing with the fishing net; the Central dialectal areal – squirrel hunting and fishing, etc. It has been verified that the locus of each of the Selkup cultures differs in the folklore texts not only in the distribution of the main subsistence activities, but also in the ethnographic details of daily routine. The range of ethnographic details varies in in the Northern and in the Central areals. Everyday realities from the Northern dialectal areal include the «chum» (a special tent) and a fireplace in the form of a bonfire, whereas the heroes from the Central dialectal areal live in «izbushkas» with a «chuval» (a special fireplace). Furthermore, it has been established that the Selkup material culture reflected in the folklore fairytales is archaic. Keywords: Selkups, local groups, folklore texts, hull method | 1286 | |||||
| 188 | The paper reviews the features of articaulation of palatal vowel harmony in Ondugaj and Ust-Kan idioms of Altai-Kizhi dialects. The analysis of experimental-instrumental data demonstrates that algorythms of production of Turkic velar harmony (consistently articulated in Ondugaj idiom) are not maintained in the articulatory-acoustic base of the Ust-Kan idiom speakers. Vowel harmony as a dominant typological feature, largely defining the phonetic make-up of the whole word, and consistent with the idealized harmonic model, has various articulatory specifics in each Turkic language. This articulatory variation adheres to strict systemic processes and mutual conditioning by segmental and suprasegmental levels. The main explanatory features are to be found in the historic aspects of individual languages, in their inter- and intraethnic interactions affecting the articulatory-acoustic bases of shaping the respective phonetic-phonological systems. Keywords: Turkic languages of Siberia, palatal vowel harmony, consonants, experimental phonetics, MRI, digital X-ray diagnostics | 1283 | |||||
| 189 | The article considers the problems of the preservation and translation of the Slavic cultural heri tage through the tradition of literacy in connection with a system-forming role of literacy in Slavic culture. The specificity of the written texts and their interaction with culture makes it necessary to analyse the ways and forms of dissemination of cultural heritage through written texts and their cultural content. Discusses the differences between oral and written discourses, especially the generation of the verbal text, the specifics of his understanding, different relations between sender and addressee. When writing there is a division in the perception of speech, which begins to be perceived not only as a sounding word, but also as a visual phenomenon, separated from the reader, “indifferently” him. Analyzes the role of oral and written discourses in the Slavic culture, the perception of a written text and the problems of preservation and dissemination of cultural traditions through the book. The conclusion about the necessity to take into account the specifics of literacy, its existence and the characteristics of perception in the modern Slavic studies book. Keywords: Slavic narrative, written discourse and oral discourse, Church Slavonic language, Liturgy, liturgical text | 1283 | |||||
| 190 | The paper overviews the variety of predicative possessive constructions manifested in Eastern Khanty. The aim is to define the most productive and frequent types of the predicative possessive constructions as well as peripheral types. The predicative possession is studied and explained by the interrelation of existential, locational and possessive constructions. The core predicative possessive constructions are existential/locational possessive constructions in which the possessor is locative-marked and the predicate is the verb «to be». The periphreal possessive constructions are the transitive constructions which contain the possession verb with a meaning of «to have, to keep, to hold» as the predicate; the possessive constructions with posture verbs «to sit, to stand, to lie» as predicates; equative/inclusive/attributive proprietive constructions including a very rare type of nominal predicative constructions with the possessive proprietive semantics encoded by the predicative suffix /-aki/. The frequency of existential/locational constructiones is induced by the contact with the Russian language among bilingual speakers. According to the Stassen's typology of predicative possession (Stassen, 2009), in Eastern Khanty the domination strategy is the locational strategy. The have-possessives are sporadically found and are losing their distinctive features due to the expanding distribution of the locational constructions at the present moment. The with-possessive constructions are not included in the study of predicative possession as they have the distinctive features and distrubution which allows using it with motion verbs only. Keywords: predicative possession construction, predicative possession strategies, Eastern dialects of Khanty | 1283 | |||||
| 191 | The paper is devoted to the study of transformations in the Khakass language consciousness over the past 15 years. The strengthening of the positive value dominants in the perception of the stimulus kizi "person", represented in the syntagmatic models of moral, intellectual and external evaluation of a person is identified. Noticeable growth of the paradigmatic scheme of association in the structure of associative fields tugan "relative", aal "Khakass village", aal?y "guest" is associated with changes in the psycholinguistic categorization of the social space of a person. The growth of the significance of family ties, birthplace, homeland in the Khakass language consciousness correlate with the process of adaptation to dynamic socio-economic realities. Keywords: Khakass language, Khakass language consciousness, psycholinguistic meaning, associative field, axiological meaning | 1281 | |||||
| 192 | The semantics of Selkup constructions with possessive formants, which are possessive suffixes and the suffix of the Genitive Case, combines possessive and non-possessive relationships. The semantic types of possessiveness, denoted by L. Stassen, namely, alienable, inalienable, abstract and temporary physical possession, are characteristic of most predicative and nominal constructions, although this study revealed limitations of their semantic realization: (i) predicative transitive constructions with the verb to hold are used only to express alienable or temporary physical possession; (ii) the semantics of temporary physical possession occurs only in predicative constructions; (iii) inalienable possession is associated with the names of relatives, parts and functions of the body, and personal items; (iv) possessive suffixes are also used in non- possessive function to convey anaphora and deixis in a specific context; they are also used to express unique phenomena. Keywords: the selkup language, semantics of constructions with possessive formants | 1281 | |||||
| 193 | Research revealed the metaphors of seeing and receptions of mythological images of death in modern culture. These metaphors and images were the key point of understanding of links between seeing (vision) and knowledge, between seeing as ability to see the natural and supernatural phenomena and seeing as a way for fixing of the relations between life and death in traditional and modern cultures. Clearing of the basic ideas, which were the cornerstone of mythological legends of the southeast Slavs and reflected in fiction and motion picture art, showed a key role of the memory and imagination, structures of consciousness that provide storage, broadcasting and reproduction of ethnocultural heritage. Tracking of the communications between representations created by east Slavs gave the chance to track receptions of mythological legends in Gogol’s works, in film statements of these works and through them – in modern mass culture. The revealed receptions of Slavic antiquity in modern culture actualized a question of mutual crossings of the mythological ideas created by ancient Slavs and the mythological images, which arose in Antiquity. Keywords: mythology, death, ancient Slavs, modern mass culture, cultural heritage, ethnic identity, literature, cinema, Antiquity | 1280 | |||||
| 194 | Based on the materials from Early Medieval settlements in the Tomsk Ob Region, the paper presents the author’s vision of the development of ferrous metallurgy in this region and pays attention to the fact that the available data are scarce and insufficient to prove the widespread development of the local ferrous metallurgy. An ornamented hearth door from Kislovka II settlement is one of the most significant findings. The author identified it as a ritual artifact intended for ceremonies, most likely before iron smelting. The ornament consisting of 5 rows of triangles can be interpreted as an appeal to a higher power for successful smelting. Keywords: archeology, ferrous metallurgy, hearth, ore, blacksmithing | 1279 | |||||
| 195 | The article studies the eagle totem in Yakut and Buryat mythology. The aim of the article is to establish the connection of the totem cult with the social organization of society, the presence of a single totem indicates the tribal organization of society. The objectives of the article can be considered the study of information about the veneration of the eagle in the Yakut and Buryat mythological culture. The relevance of the article is shown in the fact that the information about the archaic totemic cult is compared with modern rites and folklore texts. The study of totemic beliefs refers to the study of the pre-religious state of society. The novelty of the article is the use of research methods of foreign anthropologists in the study of the totemic beliefs of the Sakha. The research method is comparative. The materials and results. The ideas of the Sakha people about the eagle (the sun — the creator — the regenerator of nature, the bringer of fire, the eagle and the cosmic egg, the eagle and shamanism, the eagle and the world tree) are universal. Mythological ideas associated with the Eagle and the Sun is universal and goes back to the deepest antiquity. Interesting parallels with the Yakut and Buryat ideas are found in the mythology of the Scandinavia peoples and in the religious cults of ancient Egypt. It is showing the commonality of mythological ideas. In the Sakha religious beliefs, the Eagle occupies a key position. The cult of the eagle is associated with the Khangalas family, but according to the materials of G. F. Miller, it was considered its patron by the Khorins and Batulians. Moreover, in folklore texts, the terms horo and Hotoi — eagle are compared. In Buryat folklore the Eagle is the owner of the Olkhon and the totem bird of the Ekhirit tribe of the Upper Lena, in the old days it was a revered bird among the Khorin people. Totem beliefs belong to the oldest cults. They are characteristic of societies that have not begun to create their own state-hood, a primitive tribal community. Primitive families believed in their origin from the revered bird and personified themselves with it. Keywords: religious beliefs, shamanism, mythology, ethnography, Yakut studies, totemism, eagle | 1277 | |||||
| 196 | The paper considers the problem of ethnic identity of Belarusians and the Ukrainians of Tomsk region in the context of ethnic revival. The paper describes the main directions of work of Ukrainian and Belarusian cultural centers in Tomsk, presenting an evaluation of how the national-cultural centers work is consideration of such indicators as population. The reasons of these organizations’ limited influence on the daily life of people are revealed. Separate groups within the ethnic societies under study are defined according to the degree of expressed ethnic self-consciousness, as well as the factors defining it. The ways of public activity outside the national organizations are also demonstrated. It has been found that the processes of self-organization of the Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk region occur in conditions of blurring of ethnic identity and have not lead to the growth of their population in the region. Keywords: ethnic identity, processes of ethnic revival, Belarusians, Ukrainians | 1273 | |||||
| 197 | The article deals with the traditional Mari games like hide and seek and blind man’s buff in which the catching man is called a bear. The distribution area of these games, their seasonal and ritual timing is detected. A previously unpublished material from the manuscript archive of MarSRILLH (Yoshkar- Ola) is introduced.The correspondences to this character in the games of the Finno-Ugric peoples, Turks and Russians of the Ural-Volga region are established. The article includes an analysis of the etymology of the Mari word maskа ‘bear’, examines the available versions and sets out additional data, including an indication of the correspondence of the Mari bear name (the main dialect forms maska, mas’ka > mäskä; meskä> möskä) to Russian dialect words meaning sheep (mas’ka, mis’ka). Such a naming logic is explained by the prohibition of words meaning wild animals and the metonymic shift of semantics (sheep – wool – bear). The structure of the relationship between this Mari zoonym (historical form aba maska ‘bear’) and the name of a typologically similar character in the Bashkir game – mäskäi-äbei ‘grandma glutton’ is analyzed. Keywords: folk games, game lexics in Mari, Finno-Ugric languages, Turkic languages of the Ural-Volga region, Russian dialects, borrowing, inter-ethnic interaction, language contacts, characters of folklore | 1273 | |||||
| 198 | The aim of the following paper is to present the terms of social and human capital and their role in contem-porary societies. The paper consists of few parts. It starts with discussion about definitions of social and human capital and differences between both terms. The author states that the term of human capital is wider, but it cannot be considered without its social component. Then, it presents the role of non-government organizations (funds, associations) in the process of forming of social capital. The author argues, that social confidence, accountability and transparent political institutions, as well as democratic state, cannot exist without social capital and well developed “third sector”. In the last part of the paper the author presents a case of Wroclaw-based fund “The Russian-Polish Institute”, a non-government organization, established in 2011 by private persons from Poland and Russia, that focuses on preservation and popularization of Russian language and culture in Poland. Keywords: social capital, non-commercial organizations, the Russian-Polish Institute, Russian language and culture | 1272 | |||||
| 199 | This article is analyzed the system of accentuation in the first monographs on the Selkup language created by N. P. Grigorovsky. The considered material allows to draw the following conclusions: 1) Selkup stress in the nineteenth century has no fundamental difference from that in the XX century was recorded by A. P. Dulzon and his followers. 2) N. P. Grigorovsky, not being a linguist, in the XIX century has fixate in his books Ivankino Selkup dialect similar the linguists of the XX century, therefore his works are of great importance for studying the history of Selkup, and should be further investigated. Keywords: the Selkup language, N. P. Grigorovsky, accent system, Iwankino dialect | 1272 | |||||
| 200 | Present study concentrates on the distribution of feminine diminutive nominal suffixes in Serbian and Croatian. Both languages possess a dominant system with one prepotent suffix (-ica), whose combinability is (morphonologically) not restrained. All the constraints on the combinability of the suffix which functioned on the previous stages of language development (and are still in effect in closely related languages) are eliminated. The rival suffix -ka has almost been lost in its diminutive meaning and functions as a hypocoristic suffix. The main distinction of the two systems lies in the operation of the archaic suffix -ca. While Serbian has preserved the suffix in its main function (diminutivization of the former i-stems), Croatian has almost lost it: suffix -ca does not function as a diminutive suffix in Croatian. Keywords: Serbian language, Croatian language, South Slavonic languages, derivation, diminutivation, morphology | 1272 | |||||