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| 51 | The paper aims to characterize religious paraphernalia of Umai and its role in the worldview and ritual practices of Khakass people. To achieve this goal, the following objectives are met: systematization of published and unpublished materials on the issue; classification based on the analysis of similarity and external signs of main constituent elements; review of their inclusion in the ritual practice. The chronological scope of the work covers the period from the end of XIX century to the second half of the XX century. The choice of these time limits is defined by the state of the source base on the study. The main sources are the literary, archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on a comprehensive, systematic and historical approach to the study of the past. The study uses historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, a concrete and historical relic. In spiritual life of Khakass, a special place was given to the cult of the goddess Umai. With the cult of the goddess Umai, Khakasses communicated ideas about women's life-affirming the beginning, and at the same time as a mighty god – patron of motherhood, whose sacred power focuses on fertility, birth of children, saving their lives and health, as well as providing them with a happy future. Such a significant role in the religious life of the people contributed to the wide dissemination of its religious paraphernalia. Things endowed with sacred status were diverse. They differed in external form and functional specificity. The ritual purpose of some of them was determined by the child's sex. However, they all had a generalized name, Umai. Of these, particularly identified are those that play the role of amulet, bow and arrow, a spindle, cowrie shells, buttons, navel-kin, etc. In addition, there were also fetishes tös’, anthropomorphic figures made of wood, bark and cloth. To venerate them, a special ritual was developed. It consisted of a prayer to the God of fertility and to the spirit of fire, as well as the offering of sacrifice, ritual food and feeding of the children. Moreover, a fairly common practice was to use not only a fetish, but also talismans, by sprinkling them and smearing with sacrificial meal. During various rites in family shrines, Umai can be employed both individually and collectively. This practice may indicate that in the religious consciousness of Khakasses, fetishes as mascots were equally endowed with a kind of divine energy and beneficial magical properties and often combines the features of each other. Therefore, shamans were involved in their manufacture and endowed them with spiritual power. They also performed the rites, the atoning sacrifice of this powerful goddess, which often prevented the theft of the soul of a child, as well as preventing its premature death. In the course of this rites and magical practices, they will certainly used as sacred objects. In the future, the whole ritual would have been performed either by the woman herself or her older cousin. Specifically important role in the cult of Umai was assigned to a ritual object Hara Umai. This was both a receptacle and the personification of the Black malicious spirit of Umai. In the general system of rituals, this was one of the very important instruments to overcome death and to celebrate life. Keywords: Khakasses, tradition, worldwiev, shamanism, Umai cult, rituals, charms, fetishes, tös’ | 2831 | |||||
| 52 | This paper examines morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics of the proprietive suffix -LEEX of Sakha (Yakut). The suffix -LEEX is highly productive and has a wide-ranged usage: the resultant form functions as adnominal phrases or predicates (i. e., predicative possession) as well as noun phrases or adverbials. Semantically, the suffix -LEEX denotes not only simple possession, but often implies special connotation. When the base nouns is human, the proprietive expresses kinship relation, accompaniment, or approximate plural. When the base is a concrete noun, the proprietive often denotes ‘possession at that very moment’ as well as simple possession. When the base is an abstract noun, the proprietive denotes either a person characterized by that noun or a permanent or temporary property of humans or things. The proprietive construction may overlap the comitative construction or the existential construction. Although the proprietive suffix -LEEX has been described as an adjective-deriving suffix in the literature, this suffix shows some idiosyncrasy that ordinal derivational suffixes do not have. For example, suffixation after a plural suffix or directly to a verbal noun is possible with the suffix -LEEX. In addition, the paper examines the morphosyntactic characteristics of the abessive that is semantically contrastive but is not always symmetrical to the proprietive. Keywords: Sakha, possession, proprietive, lexical integrity, abessive | 2819 | |||||
| 53 | The paper considers the issue of establishing and sustaining the double identity among young generation of German immigrants coming from ethnically blended Russian-German families who arrived in Germany from the CIS countries in the 1990-s during the fourth migration wave. Micro-historical approach is used in the study. The experience of successful integration of German immigrants into German society is studied. The work is centered on the data of field studies by means of in-depth interview methods and overt observations in 2014 in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It was revealed that respondents have the conception of inhomogeneity of German migrant community (according to the time of immigration – they differ from representatives of earlier immigration waves) and by acculturation strategies (assimilation, separation, integration), as well as they have understanding of specific nature of their paradigms compared to native Germans and their distinctiveness from Russians. The factors of establishing positive Russian-German identity can be defined as: cultural-historical migrants’ origins (memories of historical motherland, its culture and traditions), internal structures of immigrant community (Russian shops, restaurants, discos, Russian-language media and websites, etc.), as well as modern cultural reality of accepting German society. Adherence of young generation of German immigrants to Russian culture can be defined by essential level (saving native language and culture of ancestors) and instrumentalist level (Russian language skills as a condition for increased competitiveness on the German labor market). Regarding the German component of young immigrants’ identity both levels can be also defined: perception of adhesion to German people “by blood” and understanding that German language skills, adoption of norms and values of German society contributes to successful integration into accepting community. It was defined that the important mechanisms of sustaining Russian component of double identity are keeping strong family connections, marriage with representatives from German immigrants families, inclusion of children into traditions of Russian culture and orthodox church; keeping close relations with friends and relatives in Russia, etc. Formation of German component of identity occurs under the influence of socio-cultural environment of modern German society. The work reveals that immigrants under study live with the perception of their adherence to two different worlds, two cultures. Among young people there is strong belief that they have two motherlands – Russia and Germany (USSR). Keywords: migration, second (sesquialter) migrant generation, Russian-speaking German migrants, Germany, double identity, integration | 2799 | |||||
| 54 | This article describes one of the most important stages in the development of the reindeer breeding in Chukotka. The chronological scope of the study dates back to the late XIX – the first half of the XX centuries. This period is of special research interest due to the fact that at the turn of XIX–XX centuries and up to the first third of the XX century the Chukchi reindeer breeding developed on a traditional basis. Then under the influence of the political and economic changes breaking of the traditional management in the environment of the indigenous peoples of the North-East occurred. The paper presents statistical data on the number of deer herds in different years, the descriptions of reindeer herders’ roaming places, information about their adoption to the settled way of living. With the economic structure changes social relations in the herders' environment began to change. At the same time the new principles of zoning and organization of deer farms were not linked to the traditional environmental management system and family relationships. A serious interference in the centuries-old culture had led to the significant changes in the Chukchi reindeer herders’ lifestyle, changes in the system of values, significant socio-cultural changes that led to the results of regressing. The authors consider one of the dramatic episodes in the history of the country – the period of collectivization, its specific and consequences for the reindeer population of Chukotka. We use a wide range of sources and literature – archival materials, oral evidences (memory of the indigenous people of Chukotka), field notes, records and proceedings of party workers, land managers, historians, anthropologists and other scientists. Keywords: The indigenous peoples of Chukotka, Chukchi, A traditional reindeer herding, Nomadic routes, Nomadic culture, Collectivization, The creation of the collective farm system | 2791 | |||||
| 55 | The paper gives an analysis of possession manifestations in Teleut and Chulym-Turkic by means of noun constructions. Possessive relations in the focus languages form a functional-semantic field, with a grammar core composed of the third-type ezafe constructions as well as combinations of possessive pronouns and nouns marked with possessive affixes. This marking is discourse-featured and optional in case of the 1st and 2nd person possessor, but inalienable possession is manifested by the regular head marking of the personal pronominal possessive constructions. Also non-ezafe and non-possessive usage of the 3rd person possessive affix is featured, which is presumably affected by its article-like function. On the periphery of the possessiveness functional-semantic field there are adyective affixes *-lɨɣ and *-ɣɨ, which imply the possession of an obyect, quality or a feature, or manifest the idea of their accumulation and concentration. Keywords: Teleut, Chulym-Turkic, possessiveness, ezafe, personal pronominal possessive constructions, nominal word-formation | 2789 | |||||
| 56 | This article continues a series of research on a lingvocultural originality of Tomsk regional infosphere. The infosphere is understood as the actual communicative space of the region accumulating a variety of information streams bearing the sociocultural importance. The operational units of the infosphere are discursive practices. Discursive practice is the certain social practice realized in speech behavior of the audience. Minority discursive practice is a reflection of communicative activity of the small communities united by one or several extralinguistic factors. For example, the discourse of literary creativity of young residents of Tomsk is defined by a factor of creative socialization; discourse of political opposition – a protest factor; discourse of the small and corporate press of oil-drilling territories – an economical factor; discourse of elite factor – a factor of a social originality. The texts of minority discourses are especially challenging for the analysis of the daily speech of the regional society. Research on the daily speech and not main discursive phenomena allows making analysis of a linguistic picture of the world in its unity and a variety more polyphonic and deep. Relevance of the research on regional discursive practice is also defined by the identification of the regional participation modes for the various sociocultural formations. This causes the distinctness of the region, in comparison with other territories. The study of texts of certain discursive environments as forms of self-presentation of the regional society variants, cognitive and communicative mechanisms for formation of the regional, and more widely sociocultural, self-identification represents an actual problem of a modern linguoculturology and regional linguistics. Keywords: minority discursive practice, regional infosphere | 2788 | |||||
| 57 | The author of the article considered problems of formation and development of Russian Orthodox Church in the territory of the province Xinjiang. One of the reasons hindering the penetration of active orthodox life in the region was the lack of missionary work in Xinjiang, as in neighboring areas of Russia orthodox population was in the minority. Also development of orthodoxy in the region directly depended on the presence in the province of the Russian population. In this regard it is obviously important to track the main waves of resettlement of Russians to the province. The first news of Russians in Xinjiang belong to 1850. The most mass resettlement of Russians on the territory of the province to come to the period of Civil war in Russia. A significant influx of Russian population also applies to the period of collectivization in Russia, and as a result of the exodus of peasants from the country. The orthodox church became the main spiritual center for the Russian people who lost the homeland. Such cities of Xinjiang as, Kuldzha, Urumqi, Chuguchak became the main centers of orthodoxy. The organization of continuous church services in the cities of the province, depended on the presence of the priest in it. “Cultural revolution” in China had a great influence on development of orthodox life. It was during this period in China, and Xinjiang in particular, pursued any kind of religious activity. Keywords: Xinjiang, russian diaspora, orthodox church | 2784 | |||||
| 58 | The article focuses on the basic binary concepts LIFE / DEATH, GOOD / EVIL, OWN / ALIEN in the Yakut language. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the conceptual features that form the structure of basic binary oppositions in the Yakut language picture of the world. Conceptual analysis has allowed to identify and describe a set of differential signs of these oppositions as fragments of the language picture of the world. Further study of binary oppositions is seen in the identification of their linguistic representation on the material of folklore, art texts and other Turkic languages. Keywords: Yakut language, a сoncept, binary opposition, conceptual analysis, a language picture of the world | 2771 | |||||
| 59 | The article deals with the traditional etiquette in the family and kinship relations of the Altai population in the Altai Republic basing on the author’s field studies. The study of conduct rules within the family provides an opportunity to identify the specifics of the spiritual culture of the Altaians, social life in the context of moral and ethic ideas and the etiquette for traditional culture. The article examines the symbolic significance of behaviour etiquette towards parents and between relatives: the relationship of uncle and nephew, the relationship between the children of sisters, which are based on archaic, shamanic, burkhanism ideas about the cult of ancestors, the cult of nature, magic words, the opposition «alien» «akin». There were revealed changes of conduct rules of family and family-related etiquette in terms of socio-economic and cultural factors of modern society: the custom of avoidance, relations with “umbilical” mother. Keywords: traditional culture, traditional etiquette, family and kinship etiquette, sacredness, vari-ability, stability, norms of behaviour | 2768 | |||||
| 60 | The article deals with the informativeness of a nonce word as the main principle of the nonce word creation process. The informativeness of a lexical unit is treated as the information which the sign contains (Galperin I.). The value of the information received from the lexical unit can be acquired from such parameters as its frequency of occurrence (the more unique the unit the more valuable the information is) (Martine A.), from its form (some models of word formation are more marked iconically than others, also from its semantics. According to those parameters nonce words can be considered of great informative value due to their uniqueness, combination of formal and semantic characteristics, expressiveness and axiological value. The nonce words under consideration are taken from the works of world-famous British writer Sir Terry Pratchett, who is widely known as a master of wordplay. The chosen nonce words can be examined as examples of word formation potential models dwelling specifically on the mechanism of their creation and functioning. Having analyzed some of the examples it can be suggested that the informative value of a nonce word is of great importance during the creation process. The nonce word can influence the Recipient through the uniqueness of its form which is often the violation of a certain norm (for example, the norm of combination of phonemes or morphemes). The nonce word may function as an expressive and emotional center of the utterance due to its originality and sometimes articulatory complexity as well as unnaturalness. The amalgamation of elements (formal as well as semantic) make the nonce word highly loaded semantically combining separate meanings of parts of a complex word and mixing them with enforced expressiveness and often ironic connotation due to iconically marked models of word formation. All those characteristics make a nonce word a valid choice for a Speaker to express a new idea which probably had no verbal equivalent so far on the one hand, and on the other hand this new creation possesses all the elements to influence and persuade the Recipient. Keywords: word formation, nonce word, informativeness, model, expressiveness | 2729 | |||||
| 61 | The article considers common features of ethnocultural history and specifics of modern consciousness of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Cossack population of Siberia based on historical, ethnographic, ethnosociological, culturological, linguistic, museological and ethnopsychological materials. Often they are interconnected so closely that accurately it isn't possible to separate each ethnic component. The author investigates ethnic, regional, confessional, language, ethnocultural identity of modern east Slavs of Siberia. The author analyzes ethnocultural preferences of modern east Slavs (favourite dishes, products, drinks, holidays, proverbs and sayings), the existing ethnic stereotypes and ideas of the main traits of character of Russians, the Ukrainian, Belarusians, Cossacks. Separately interethnic interferences and marriage contacts are considered. East Slavs in Siberia kept many ethnic traditions brought from various places of an exit. Along with it, their culture was enriched with the new components borrowed from other people on the way to Siberia, from the native and living in this territory together with them ethnic groups, and also appeared as a result of adaptation and transformation of own extremely diverse traditions. Gradually, for many years of cohabitation in Siberia separate small distinctions in culture were gradually erased, the all-Siberian fragments of culture, including the general mentality were developed. Keywords: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Cossacks, Siberia, ethnocultural history, identity | 2721 | |||||
| 62 | The article is devoted to a little-researched topic – the modern concept of death and the burial and memorial rituals of the Yakuts. The material for the article was collected over the last ten years during archeological and ethnographic expeditions in Central Yakutia. The research aims to raise a problem for the study of death in modern Yakut culture and to introduce field material into the academic field. The modern rules and traditions of funeral and memorial rites result from an overlap of early pagan, Christian, and late Soviet traditions, but with a high degree of conservatism. The fear of death and the dead persists (especially the fear of people who have died a ‘bad’ death). The conditions of death and elements of funeral rituals remain a kind of label for the life of a good person. In modern times, the traditional indicators of a good life are supplemented by professional success, social prestige, and material wealth. An ‘easy’ death confirms this with high-quality funeral arrangements and the number of guests at the memorial dinner. There is a desire to carry out the entire cycle of funeral and memorial rituals correctly to bring peace to the soul of the deceased and ensure the safety of loved ones. At the same time, in Central Yakutia, local differences were noted in the calculation of the period from the occurrence of death to burial, the disposal of personal belongings, and the organization of the memorial meal. The depicted interpretation of the ordeals of the soul of iye-kut on its way to the world of ancestors reflects an ideal scenario of a cattle breeder’s life: the presence of family and descendants, a horse breeding with all aspects of a cattle household from participation in horse races to the Kumys festival. The modern burial rite of the Yakuts holds great information potential and can serve as a source for a study of self-identification and various aspects of culture. Keywords: burial rite, tradition, death, fear of death, soul, life scenario, cattle breeding | 2720 | |||||
| 63 | The aim of the work is to reveal the connection of the image of a bull with the idea of fertility in the culture of the Khakas. Proceeding from the goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze the folklore of this people and to introduce into scientific circulation new archival materials on the designated topic; to explore the semantic links of the image of this animal with the religious-mythological views about the life forces and fertility of domestic animals. The chronological scope of the work covers the late XIX – mid XX centuries. The choice of such time limits is caused, first of all, by the state of the source database on the research topic. The work is based on complex, system-historical approach to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, concrete historical analysis, structural-semantic and relict. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) in the Khakas culture the most important place is assigned to cattle. In the Khakas folklore, the image of Kok puga – the Blue Bull became widespread. In the mythopoetic tradition of the people, this horned animal embodied the center of vitality and fertility of livestock. Such a religious-magical attitude extended to the stone statue that personified it. At the same time, the cult practice of the Khakases, aimed at the development of cattle breeding, was not limited to honoring the sacred stone bull. In the world outlook and ritual of the Khakas, other traditional methods aimed at ensuring the well-being of people's economic activities, multiplying the livestock and protecting them, also spread. Among them, one should single out the sacred actions associated with the testicles of males, and various methods of retaining and ensuring the happiness of cattle, including tearing out pieces of wool from certain places of the animal, dedicating yzyh and blood sacrifices to various patron spirits and deities. In all the designated ritual practices, a large role was assigned to cattle and, in particular, bull/ox, a symbol of the masculine principle and strength, fertility, and the successful continuation of the life of the genus. Keywords: culture of Khakas, bull, Kok puga, cattle breeding, fertility, symbol, myth, rite | 2712 | |||||
| 64 | The article deals with word motivation in the dynamics of language according to the data of a psycholinguistic experiment. The experiment was intended to analyze motivation of herbs names in the view of their linguistic development. There were chosen 23 Russian herbs names (names of wild herbaceous medical plants growing in the Western and Eastern Siberia), which were analyzed and classified depending on their motivation before the experiment. Respondents were to answer the question “Why do you think these plants have such names?” during the experiment. There were asked 54 respondents. 1242 given responses were determined into seven groups after the analysis of experiment data. The further study considered the amount of responses in each group. Thus all the chosen herbs names tend to be both motivated and not motivated. 12 of them show features of remotivation, lexicalization of the inner form of the word and demotivation. 11 names show small or no features of any dynamic motivation changes. No names have features of neo-motivation or idiomatic changes. It should be also noted, that some motivation features were not considered during the experiment and so need further studies probably appealing to other languages. Keywords: motivation, motivology, motivational features, nominational features, herbs, remotivation, demotivation, lexicalization, inner form of the word | 2710 | |||||
| 65 | The article deals with different aspects of language interaction in a group of neighboring languages in the Akhvakh district of Daghestan, in particular Karata, Tukita, Tad-Magitl’ and Tlibisho (this zone later referred to as Karata cluster). The villages of the Karata cluster are all located within a short walking distance of 30–120 min from each other, in all four villages different languages are spoken: Karata, Tukita, Akhvakh and Bagvalal respectively. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected during a fieldtrip in March 2018 as part of a longterm project focussing on neighbor multilingualism in highland Daghestan. The research employed the method of retrospective family interviews. Respondents were interviewed about their language repertoire and the repertoire of their close relatives that they remembered, which enabled the researchers to conclude which languages were used in the interaction between neighboring villages before the Russification and which languages are used today. We found out that interaction between neighboring villages employed and still employs Avar, that is, the lingua franca model is the common strategy in the Karata cluster. Today more than 90% of the population of the four villages concerned have command of Avar, which is different from many other areas of highland Daghestan. In other parts of Daghestan the most common model for neighbor interaction was the use of a language of one of the neighbors (asymmetrical bilingualism). Symmetrical bilingualism (when both sides have command of each other’s languages) and lingua franca were less common. Whereas the level of Avar language is high, the level of active multilingualism in the languages of Karata cluster remains low. Passive knowledge of the neighboring languages is more wide-spread. We also found out that passive knowledge is asymmetrical for several reasons, which are discussed in the article. A suggestion is put forward that the level of understanding of neighboring languages is not only dependent on the genetic affinity of the languages but also on the direction of socio-economic contact. Similar to other regions of Daghestan, the command of Russian has grown in Karata, however, unlike in many other places, Avar as a lingua franca has not yet been displaced by Russian. Keywords: Daghestan, multiligualism, lingua franca, Avar language, Russian language, bilingualism, Karata language, Akhwakh language, Bagvalal language | 2701 | |||||
| 66 | Many Siberian scientists are of great interest to the problem of determining the ethnic affiliation of such groups of the Russian population as “moskals” and “Ukrainians”. Under these ethnonyms in ethnographic literature was understood Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian population. A number of researchers came to the conclusion that the ethnonym “Ukrainians” can be used, not only in relation to the Siberian Ukrainians, but also Russians, natives of the southern Russian villages living on response with Ukrainians and allocated to the special language features of culture. The ethnonym “Katsap” was probably used in relation to the Russian immigrants from the southern Russian provinces. The article presents a brief overview of the data obtained in 2013 as a result of historical and ethnographic expedition to Kamensky district of the Altai Territory. The descendants of immigrants of Kursk, defining their ethnicity called themselves “ordinary Ukrainians”, noting the great similarity in the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians. Descendants of Russian old residents and migrants from other southern provinces called them the “moskals”. The main attention is paid to differential factors and markers that distinguish a group of descendants of immigrants of Kursk from Russian and Ukrainian (language, eating habits). Keywords: Altai, Russian, moskals, Ukrainians, ethnicity, identity | 2685 | |||||
| 67 | The paper analyzes indigenous multilingualism in the north-eastern part of the lower Yenisei area from the 1930s to the 1970s (Tajmyr peninsula, Siberia, Russia). The data used for this study are sociolinguistic interviews performed by the author in 2017 with children and grandchildren of those representatives of indigenous peoples of Tajmyr who were adults in the given period. Ethnolinguistic history of the area is described for the last 200 years in order to provide a general background for understanding patterns of multilingual practices, in particular all ethnic migrations are analyzed from the point of view of their reasons and their sociolinguistic consequences. Contacts between Northern Samoyedic peoples – the Tundra Enets, the Tundra Nenets, and the Nganasans – are portrayed in details, with particular attention to language repertoires, to contexts of usage of each language, and to all attested changes to them with time. Besides, linguistic ideologies typical for the area are commented on, including their interconnection to other sociolinguistic factors involved. As a result, common local sociolinguistic patterns are posited: those that are recurrently attested in several Tajmyrian locations. First, in all cases all adults could speak the language of the ethnic majority of the area, and most adults could understand all other indigenous languages of the area; furthermore, active command of other languages could be conditioned by details of an individual’s biography. Second, the main language used within a nuclear family was usually the language of the ethnic majority of the area, regardless the ethnic identity of the parents; the native language of (one of) the parents, if different from the language of the ethnic majority, was usually used for codified interactions with other adults: e.g. when receiving guests or paying visits. The methodology of this study is discussed in details with the idea of its reproducibility in other areas of Siberia. Keywords: sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, history of Siberia, multilingualism, language contacts, Tajmyr, Tundra Enets, Tundra Nenets, Nganasans, methodology of fieldwork | 2659 | |||||
| 68 | The article deals with new sources for dating of famous sacral-industrial complex of the early Iron Age from Kizhirovo hillfort in the Tomsk Ob region. This complex is comprised of casting molds and cult vessels with drawings, stylistically close to Kulayka culture casting and engraving on bronze discs. The completeness of molds was verified in the study of the collection. The article presents the analogy with subjects casting in these forms. They have a typological conformity in products of era boundaries and first centuries AD in various regions of Siberia and the Urals. Some of the technological methods used in the forms apparently related to the Central Asian cultural tradition of the Han time. The accumulated information allows to hypothesize that sacral-industrial complex of Kizhirovo did not appear at an early stage of existence sites of Kulayka culture, as previously thought, but later – on Sarovka stage of that culture. Keywords: the early Iron Age, the Kulaika culture, Western Siberia, casting molds | 2654 | |||||
| 69 | The paper opens a cycle of articles concerned to the emergence and development of multilingualism of peoples inhabited Kolyma-Alazeia tundra, the region where Yukaghir, Even, Chukchi, Yakut and Russian areas intersected. One of these peoples will be a starting point of investigation in each article of the cycle. The starting point of this paper is Chukchi, their arrival to the area mentioned, their contacts with neighbours, the languages they spoke. The pasture areas of Chukchi in the late 19th to the early 20th centuries were discovered on base of the sources (works of anthropologists, travelers, missionaries). As a result, the area in Kolyma-Alazeia tundra inhabited by Chukchi was in the first time mapped in every detail. Besides, the places where Chukchi contacted to the neighboring peoples and languages probably used there were specified. One of the important places for contacts were seasonal fairs which were mapped as full as possible. The evaluation of the data led to the conclusion that in the Western part of the area the Chukchi were multilingual despite the fact that they possessed large reindeer herds and hold higher economic position comparing to other inhabitants of the region discussed. In the same time, that in the Eastern part of the area the Chukchi kept traditional monolingualism and often did not speak even Russian, using Chukchi-Russian jargon to communicate to the Russian-speaking population. The possible reasons for emergence of multilingualism in the Western area were large amount of interethnic marriages and the fact that many Evens and Yukaghirs sought to live near or with the rich Chukchi. The eastern monolingualism was apparently supported by close contacts with Chukchi of “Chukotskaya zemlitsa” predominantly monoethnic area. The exact situation in some interjacent areas is not quite clear due to scarcity of sources. Keywords: multilingualism, Chukchi language, historical sociolinguistics, language maps, Kolyma- Alazeia tundra | 2646 | |||||
| 70 | The research studies features of the processes of settling and land use of the territory of the Uimon Valley by the Russian population with special regard to the usage of the lands for the agricultural purposes. The reflection on the historical experience of the ethnoecological adaptation is of much importance in the context of working out theoretical questions of the ethnocultural landscape, as well as defining strategies of rational usage of land resources in conditions of Siberia. The research is based on the field ethnographical materials of the author, collected in towns of Ust-Koksa District of the Altai Republic. The paper presents a dynamic picture of how the lands had been used in the end of XIX – the beginning of XXI centuries. The researcher determines particular location and management of different types of agricultural lands (plough-lands, hay-fields, pastures) in the Russian pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, and in modern time. Keywords: ethnocultural landscape, agricultural adaptation, agricultural lands, Uimon Old Believers, Gorny Altai | 2640 | |||||
| 71 | The paper is based on the analysis of the archeological, archival and written sources obtained by Andreas Dulson in 1954 as a result of excavations of the Ostjak Mountain burial site, at Molchanovo village in Tomsk region. Archival and archeological data are kept at Tomsk Local Lore Museum. Andreas Dulson dated the burrials as the XVII century and attributed them to Selkups of Shepets volost. The paper focuses on the reconstruction of Selkup costume – head-wear, plait decorations, waist-bands, and other costume decorations. Keywords: Andreas Dulson, archive of Tomsk Meseum, XVII century, burial at Ostjak Mountain, clothes, Selkups | 2635 | |||||
| 72 | This paper focuses on linguistic categorization which involves the study of roles of various linguistic items in the process of categorization of the world. Metaphor plays a significant role in categorization of the world as it manifests the process of thinking. G.Lakoff and M.Johnson made a major contribution to the development of the theory of categorization and designed the theory which offers a consistent description of metaphor as a cognitive mechanism and demonstrates a potential in applied studies. Each metaphor has a source domain, which is concrete and athropocentric, and a target domain. In this paper the functioning of metaphors is discussed based on the data of Selkup, one of the indigenous languages of Siberia, in which man and body parts are the most common source domain. The theory of schemas developed by G. Lakoff is one of the foundatations of cognitive linguistics. G. Lakoff focuses on the following conceptual schemas: container, partwhole, source-path-goal. In the present paper the functioning of these schemas is discussed based on Selkup data. The Selkup data show that anthropocentrism is characteristic of the language and human body is the main source domain for metaphorical expressions. This project has two prospects for further research. On the one hand, it is the study of anthropomorphic metaphors – linguistic expressions which are drawn from the source domain of human body and emotions. On the other hand, the Selkup language contains a great number of naturomorphic metaphors the source domain for which constitute animals and plants. Keywords: cognitive linguistics, conceptual schema, metaphor, Selkup language | 2630 | |||||
| 73 | This article deals with the semantic and functional features of phraseological units that occur in the texts of the Karachay-Balkar Nart epic. The phraseological units of Karachay-Balkar epic discourse have a high degree of anthropocentricity. They contain information about the national-specific features of the perception of reality, and accurately convey and show the specificity of the national character. Most «epic» phraseological units are oriented to the representation of various relevant concepts such as time, thinking, speech, etc. Some phraseological units in the epic texts represent the physiological state of a person, the age features of a person, the state of the environment, and the phraseological units of the relational plan expressing the idea of a relationship are also of interest. The words included in them, mainly somatisms and verbal lexemes, contribute to the reflection of a certain segment of the phraseological model of the world, which is part of the linguistic picture of the world. Keywords: nart epic, somatisms, phraseology, anthropocentrism, localizer | 2621 | |||||
| 74 | This article tells about an interesting linguistic document of the 1930s. The notebook of Leningrad’s post-graduate student Serkina deals with Ket texts and other data. Serkina wrote her notebook during her seminars with a talented Soviet scientist Grigorij Korsakov. Korsakov began to study Ket in the middle of the 1930s. He went to the expedition to Turukhanskiy district of Krasnojarskij kray. But this notebook is the single surviving data because Korsakov died in the siege of Leningrad. Keywords: Ket, Grigorij Korsakov, history of linguistics | 2617 | |||||
| 75 | In traditional cultures, a woman performs a number of social roles, such as a keeper of the hearth, a caring mother and a wise grandmother. The culture of the Khanty people is no exception. In this article, an attempt is made to identify and describe the national and cultural features of the image of the woman in the Khanty language, literature and culture, reflecting different ideas about the woman existing in the minds of the carriers of the Khanty language. The main features of the Khanty woman are a strongwilled character, the paramount importance of the well-being of the family, the knowledge and respect of one's culture, the mastery of any ethnic skill that can later be passed on to the children. There have been identified and analyzed numerous lexical nominations and the corresponding image associations that conceptualize image under study in the consciousness of Khanty language speakers. Keywords: image, woman, metaphorization, oral folk art, national features | 2606 | |||||
| 76 | The article presents the results of a linguistic analysis of non-standard case forms occurring in the «History of Altan Khan» (Mo. Erdeni tunumal neretü sudur, lit. ‘The Jewel Translucent Sūtra’), a unique Mongolian manuscript of the early 17th century presently kept at the library of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Social Sciences (Hohhot, China). It is the largest Mongolian original (untranslated) historical and literary work dating from the late 16th — early 17th centuries. The manuscript has been widely known since the mid-1980s but its linguistic investigation still remains to be carried out. The article reveals and brings together information on the use of non-standard case forms in the language of the monument with references to the relevant literature and occurrences of each form in the text. The notion of non-standard forms refers to those case endings that are either not mentioned in normative descriptions of Classical Written Mongol, or explicitly marked in them as archaic, colloquial or dialectal. The author provides an analysis of the following non-standard case forms: the genitive in +i, the non-classical genitive suffix +i+yin, the accusative in +yi after consonant stems, the non-classical accusative suffix +i+yi, the accusative in +U, the dative-locative in +DU, the dative-locative ending +DUri, the ablative in +DAčA. The investigation of these forms allows us to conclude that the language of the «History of Altan Khan» presents a sophisticated combination of linguistic archaisms (the genitive suffix +i, the accusative in +yi after consonant stems, the dative-locative in +DUri and the ablative in +DAčA) and innovations (the shape of the dative-locative marker +DU *+DU/r, the late complex genitive and accusative endings +i+yin and +i+yi), while at the same time containing some idiosyncratic features, such as the use of the accusative in +U supposedly unattested in other Written Mongol sources. The language system of the monument most probably belongs to a transitional stage between Preclassical and Classical periods in the development of Written Mongol and seems to be strongly influenced by colloquial speech and/or local Mongolic dialects of the time. Keywords: Mongolic languages, historical grammar, historical morphology, noun cases, Written Mongol, Mongolian chronicles | 2600 | |||||
| 77 | The people living along the Vasyugan river believe that the bear is a part of both the fauna and the supernatural sphere, and at the same time only a few bodily features differentiate it from man. The relationship between bear and man can be interpreted as a delicately balanced situation manifested not only in fear in man, but also in the bear. Fear produces legitimate and illegitimate behavioral patterns for man. Illegitimate behavior includes submission to fear, panic regarded as weakness or cowardice. Any behavior that suppresses panic is legitimate: respect for the bear, evasion, necessary caution, keeping the bear away, killing it, and even the jokes about bear adventures, the neglect of fear. Panic subordinates man to the hierarchy between bear and man, while the socially accepted patterns of action sustain or even reverse it. Not only man is afraid of the bear, the bear is also afraid of man, and not only man but also the bear thinks in terms of hierarchy. The hierarchy is also tested or assessed by the bear in an encounter with man, and it is also in the bear’s interest to maintain this hierarchy. The violation or neglect of the balance by the bear is also unacceptable behavior, and therefore both roving bears and man-eater bears are condemned and it is man’s duty to kill them; their carcasses are also treated differently from the rest of the bears: their flesh is never consumed. The balance between bear and man is the sign and precondition for social order: the bear as man’s supersociety punishes man for his sins, and man is enabled to kill the bear by some of the latter’s faults. Keywords: Khanty, Siberia, Vasyugan, bear, cultural anthropology, behavior towards animals | 2596 | |||||
| 78 | In modern times, the spiritual heritage of the peoples of Russia, including their traditional picture of the world, is an object of public and scientific interest. In this context, it is important to reconstruct popular views about the animal world. The purpose of the work is to identify the meaning of the wolf in the mythological judgments of the Buryats and the inclusion of this wild animal in their rituals. Various ethnographic, folklore, and linguistic materials were used as sources for the research. The paper uses the structural-semiotic method as the main one. The analysis shows that the Buryats have formed an ambiguous image of the wolf, characterized by ambivalent connotations. The special role of color symbolism is revealed in the ideas about this animal. The wolf had a heavenly (white wolf) and male symbolism. A positive connotation was also expressed in the recognition of the apotropaic function of his skin. The sacredness of his image is indicated by the custom observed by hunters of removing the skin from the killed predator with the head and some internal organs. The negative characteristic of the wolf was associated with the fact that this beast was perceived as a mediator between worlds. He was identified with trouble. It was believed that it has a demonic nature, serves as a transport for evil spirits. The chthonic origin of the predator was indicated by its relationship with the raven. The wolf also carried the symbolism of aggression and was associated with a military cult. In this context, we should consider its association with weapons and the idea of werewolves. It was found out that in the shamanic rites of the Buryats, the wolf had a sacred status, which was manifested in the poetry and attributes of the shaman (in ritual clothing, in the use of a wolf fetish). It is determined that the Buryat folk beliefs about the wolf find parallels in the traditional worldview of other peoples, which indicates universal and typological phenomena in the Buryat mythological fauna. Keywords: the Buryats, the traditional world, the wild fauna, the image of the wolf, folklore, and ritual | 2593 | |||||
| 79 | The paper reviews the history of the church of Trinity in the village (yurts) of Ivankino, which is one of the first orthodox churches in Narym trans-Ob area. The opening of the church in the native (Selkup) population area marks the intensification of the Christianization of the middle-Ob Selkups in the XVIII century. The account summarizes the archive data supplemented by the field materials of the author concerning the church. Keywords: church of Trinity, christianization, middle Ob selkups, Ivankino yurts | 2592 | |||||
| 80 | This article provides and overview of Key morphological traits in Ket and other Yeniseian languages (Kott, Yugh). It first identifies and describes several key features inherited from Proto-Yeniseian (polysynthetic prefixing verb structure, possessive prefixes, phonemic tones). Next it discusses other features that arose or were influence areally by prolonged contact with the surrounding suffixal agglutinating languages (case suffix systems, encliticization of possessive prefixes, repositioning of the finite verb’s semantic head toward the verb word’s leftmost edge). Finally, five morphological features are considered that appear to be anomalous from a typological perspective as they cannot be shown to have been inherited from Proto-Yeniseian in their present functions yet also cannot have arisen through language contact. The features in question are: thematic consonants occupying verb agreement slots, seemingly redundant plural suffixes on verbs, sporadic plural agreement suffixes on adjectives, sporadic pluractional markers on infinitives, and irregular ablaut noun plural formation). Each of these traits is shown to have arisen due to metathesis between originally labial and non-labial segments. In some cases, the metathesis triggered secondary morphological reanalysis, as when original adjectival or infinitival derivational suffixes were reinterpreted as plural or pluractional markers due to homonymy with a common noun plural suffix, or when an original thematic consonant in verbs was reinterpreted as the homonymous inanimateclass agreement marker when it metathesized into that marker’s morpheme position. Keywords: morphological typology, areal traits, Proto-Yeniseian, inherited traits, metathesis, reanalysis | 2589 | |||||
| 81 | The article considers the etymology of the exclamation blin-ta-ta used as a dialogue opening phrase in the active children's game of “red rover” type and as the name of this game. The formation of game terminology in multilingual environment of the polyethnic region is demonstrated, as well as the phenomena of semantisation and re-semantisation (semantical adaptation) in game terminology. A hypothesis is stated for the formation of a semi-semantic exclamation blin-ta-ta through a sequence of changes, distortions in a child's folklore of the misunderstood phrase of another's language: Russian and Udmurt blin-ta-ta(-ta) ~ Udmurt mil’ym tu tataj ~ Udmurt mynta-tutaj *mynda tətəj ' this way, sister' (Tatar dialect). Such a reconstruction of the original phrase is correlated with the fact of reference to the "girl", "sister" in other dialogues in similar Udmurt and Chuvash games. Thus, becomes obvious the substrate origin of the dialogue opening phrase (blin-ta-ta) in Russian and Udmurt game folklore from Tatar, which also correlates with the fact and traditional areas of resettlement of Tatars in the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region. Keywords: child language, desemantisation, game folklore of Volgo-Kama district, languages in contact, language substratum, semantisation and re-semantisation, Turkic languages, Finno-Ugric languages, folk games | 2583 | |||||
| 82 | Yukaghirs are a very small Northern people, their number is only 1603 people (according to the all-Russian census of 2010). The article describes the process of studying the musical folklore of two preserved local groups of Yukaghirs: Oduls (Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs) and Vaduls (Lower Kolyma Yukaghirs). The first account of the musical culture of the Yukaghirs appear in the works of travelers and missionaries, participants of expeditions of the 18–19 centuries, who studied the Kolyma region (F. F. Matyushkin, S. I. Mickiewicz, M. S. Vrutsevich, A. E. Dyachkov, V. G. Bogoraz). The works by V.I. Iohelson contain extensive ethnographic, linguistic and folklore materials on Oduls, which have a significant importance for researching the Yukaghirs musical culture. V.I. Iochelson described pictographic inscriptions on birch bark which are called changar shorile and related to the song tradition. In the 20th century, the works of E. A. Kreinovich were significant for the study of Yukaghir culture. A. N. Laptev published a number of folklore texts collected in 1959 by the expedition of USSR’s Academy of Science. Choreographer M. Ya. Zhornitskaya describing circular and imitative dances based on the field materials collected in 1959 and 1964. Yukaghir music became an object of research from 1960s, when composers and musicologists G. A. Grigoryan, E. Ye. Alekseev, G. N. Komrakov began to record examples of musical folklore and study them. In 1973, I. A. Brodsky recorded melodies of musical and dance folklore, gathered several musical instruments and instrumental tunes, made a primary theoretical analysis of intonation practice. T. S. Shentalinskaya in 1982 collected samples of song and lyrical improvisations (andylschina), characteristic for Russian old inhabitants and Yukaghirs of the Lower Kolyma. Since 1980s, T. I. Ignatieva and Yu. I. Sheykin have been working on the collection and publication of musical folklore of Yukaghirs. In the 1980s and 1990s, recordings of Yukaghir folklore were made by K. Tanimoto and T. Miller. Linguist S. Ode using their own field materials 1990–2000s studied recitative melodies in the tales of Yukaghir. The unique musical culture of the Yukaghirs belongs to the disappearing musical and folklore traditions and needs to be studied urgently. Keywords: Indigenous Northern peoples, Yukaghirs, Oduls, Vaduls, music, musical folklore | 2583 | |||||
| 83 | The feature of the polish communities in Siberia in the XIX century was a significant amount of the polish exiled who rendered great value practically on all aspects of life of the region. The polish link to Altai in the XIX century was a component of the siberian exile used as one of the most widespread repressive measures of the government against participants of revolutionary liberation movement in Russia. The article on the basis of a wide range of sources (archival materials, help and periodicals) and literature considers the polish exiled, participants of the polish national liberation movement, members of Society of military friends in Bialystok Ivan Vysotsky, Karl and Felix Ordynskiye, who were in exile in Ust-Kamenogorsk were first of which. Despite limitation of the available data, questions of number, the places of residence, financial position and living conditions, an occupation, influence on life of the region of the banished participants of November revolt of 1830–1831, the polish liberating organizations of the end of the 1830th – the beginning of the 1840th found reflection in work. Activity of exiled of roman catholic priests of Anthony Ankudovich in Kuznetsk, Pavel Shishko, who founded the first private school in Biysk is shown. In article it is indicated the fact of serving of punishment in Altai (in the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress, then in Biysk the district of the Smolensk volost) Alexander Levitsky. The considered material allows to draw a conclusion that the stay of the polish exiled in the 20th – the 50th of the XIX century in Altai is a component of history of formation of the polish community in Siberia. Undoubtedly, further researches will add already available data on life in exile of these people that will promote a reconstruction of a full picture of stay of poles in Altai and in general in Siberia. Keywords: Altai, E. I. V. Office, polish political exiled, Society of military friends, revolt, сatholic clergy | 2582 | |||||
| 84 | The bronze buckle from the burial mound Cherdashny Log III is a unique find for the early medieval Western Siberia. The authors give a detailed description of the plot with multiple characters, special attention is paid to the stylistic features characteristic of small plastics of the early middle ages. Further there is the emphasis on the position of a seated man in the center of the plaque. Apparently, the oriental sitting posture with the crossed legs is typical in numerous artifacts of the early iron period – a more archaic feature. This posture could be seen in the figures of warriors – heroes – kings, for example on the decorated coin from the female Sarmat burial, one of the Kobjakovskij mound (the outskirts of Rostov-on-Don), on the handle of a bronze mirror from the elite Sarmat burial mound оf the I cent. CE within the Sokolova burial on the southern Bug river, on the bone artifact originating from the Kalalygyr-2 settlement on the left-bank Khwarezm, on the coins of the Indosaka rulers Maues and Azes II (I cent. BCE – I century CE), on the coins of the Kushan kings Kudzhila Kadzif, Vim Kadzif and Khuvishki of the I–II cent. CE. These analogues testify to the Iranian roots of the central figure of the bronze buckle from the Chardshnyj Log III. There are also a set of analogues in the Celtic tradition. The paper analyses the semantics of the buckle from the Cherdashnyj Log. Based on this semantics the threeworld structure can be argued: the Upper, the Middle and the Lower world. Based on the burial inventory, the buckle itself originates from an elite burial event. One of the hypothesis regarding the buckle’s role – is the co-reference with the dead hero – the progenitor, demiurge – as a connecting element between the worlds. Keywords: middleages, early iron, Indo-Iranian world, bronze buckle, elite burial | 2580 | |||||
| 85 | The article studies phonetic peculiarities of Tuvan pharyngealized vowels in the speech of Tuvan reindeer herders living in Tsagaan-Nuur, Mongolia. The study analyzes acoustical processes in word stems, in the grammatical forms of words of Tuvan reindeer herders and compares them with their equivalents (with pharyngealized vowels) in the Tuvan literary language. Also the Tofalar language and other Tuvan dialects were used to compare them. There were reviewed linguistic units with sound combinations “nonpharyngealized vowel with a strong aspirate”, “nonpharyngealized vowel with medial intervocalic-pharyngeal [h]”, “nonpharyngealized vowel with postvocal aspirated consonant with overtones [h] in excursus”. Keywords: tuvan language, speech of Tuvan reindeer-breeders, pharyngealized vowels, nonfaringalizied vowels, strong aspirated consonants, postvocalic consonants, medial-intervocalic consonants, intervocalic consonants, aspirated consonants | 2580 | |||||
| 86 | The present day significance and role of archaic cults are defined in the traditional culture of the Turks of the Sayan-Altai. The study shows that in the modern funeral and memorial rites of the Turks of the Sayan-Altay there are common features such as the preservation of the values of the cult of the ancestors, the sacredness of fire, the ritualized character of a memorial meal, the rites of transition – the “overnight” ritual, farewell to the soul ceremony and others. The transformations characterizing a special worldview for the Altai, Tuva and Khakas people are also of interest. The formation of the main characteristic features of modern traditional rituals occurred as a result of the impact of various State formations, religious teachings and social and cultural changes of society. Although the general world outlook layer peculiar to the peoples of the Sayan-Altai has been modified, in a certain context they continue to operate and now. Keywords: family rituaisml, burial-memorial rite, stability, variability, the Sayan-Altai | 2577 | |||||
| 87 | In article is represented the result of the analysis of a place of an accent in Vasjugan dialect on the archive collected by L. I. Kalinina in the 50–60th years of the XX century. It appeared that the rule of accent place depends on a part of speech. In verbs and pronouns the accent is paradigmatic, and its place depends on affix type. In names the accent is fixed on the first or second syllable. Accent fixing for certain vowels, probably, happened for a long time when vowels of the first syllable in east dialects still kept Proto Khant quality. If in the first syllable of the word were narrow vowels, the accent became fixed on the second syllable, in other cases – on the first syllable. Thus, the Vasjugan system of an accent has unique character: in a name and a verb two various types of an accent are presented: in a verb – paradigmatic, in a name – fixed depending on phonemic structure of a word form. Keywords: Vasjugan dialect, accent, language history, phonetic, archive data | 2573 | |||||
| 88 | The article focuses on publication and analysis of the materials found in a Nizhnearmetovsky burial site (Ishimbaysky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan) and kept in the museums in Ufa. It gives an in-depth characteristic of the monument and its research history. The set of artifacts corresponds to the late-Samartian ancient objects of the South Urals and dates back to the first half of III century AD. The date is determined by the findings of a mirror-pendant by the group Khazanov-2, a buckle by Malashev-P2 and, a fibula by the group Ambroz-13. The article demonstrates the cultural diversity of the population living by the right bank of the midstream Belaya river, conditioned by contacts of late-Sarmatian people with a sedentary population of the Urals. A bone spoon is not a typical object for late-Sarmatian monuments. This category was spread at the early-Sarmatian period. A specific type of syulgama links the complex to the monuments of Azelinskaya (Azelinsky and Suvorovsky burial sites, Kirov Oblast, the Vyatka river), "Old Mordovian" (Seliksensky and Tezikovsky burial sites, Penza Oblast), Ryazan-Okskaya (Zarechye burial site, Ryazan Oblast) and Dyakovskaya (Schurovsky burial site, Moscow Oblast) cultures. The Nizhnearmetovsky and closest Akhmerovsky II and Salikhovsky burial sites are distinct by their original combination of Samartian and non-Samartian elements. They were, probably, left by a mixed population or dwelling groups which had a significant influence on each other. In terms of their location three above mentioned burial sites constitute a compact group while the fourth site of that time period, Derbenevsky, is noticeably different: it is located to the South and does not have non-Sarmatian traits. An attempt to engage ceramic materials from settlement sites of mountainous and forest territory of South Ural and some northern settlements of the right bank of the Belaya river seems prospective. Concerning the sedentary population (Mazuninskaya culture), it is possible to observe movements of the dwelling sites to the south. The reasons for these processes are to be determined in the future. Keywords: Cisurals, Late Sarmatian culture, burial ground, inventory, chronology, contacts | 2573 | |||||
| 89 | This paper examines Sakha causative and passive, focusing on double-accusative causative and impersonal passive. With regard to Sakha causatives, it is pointed out that the case-marking of causee is related to the type of causation meant. Double-accusative causatives are possible in Sakha. Additionally, Sakha allows impersonal passives, which are derived from both transitive and intransitive clauses. The unexpressed agent in impersonal passives must be human. Double-accusative causative is impossible in most Turkic languages other than Sakha, but possible in almost all Tungusic languages. Therefore, it is highly probable that Sakha doubleaccusative causative has developed through contact with Tungusic languages. In contrast to double-accusative causatives, impersonal passives are not possible in Tungusic languages but found in other Turkic languages. Thus, it is unlikely that Sakha impersonal passives have developed through language contact. Keywords: Sakha, valence, double-accusative causative, impersonal passive, language contact | 2558 | |||||
| 90 | The present article presents an expanded report on epistemological research referring to the canonical work of Alfred L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn entitled Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952). Theoretical efforts were directed towards the elaboration of a functional classification of the concept of culture (Kroeber–Kluckhohn Culture Classification, hereafter KKCC), which could be used to capture paradigm shifts in the understanding of the concept of culture in the twentieth century. To this end, the symbolic notation that separates types of pseudo-definitions of culture from their semantic representations has been improved, enabling the transfer of analysis to the meta-theoretical level. Keywords: Theoretical anthropology, social anthropology, theory of culture, scientific report | 2555 | |||||
| 91 | The paper presents analysis of Internet resources describing the activity of Tomsk regional public organizations of Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians on preservation of their ethnocultural identity. The Polish diaspora of Tomsk is presented by websites of Tomsk regional non-profit organization “Center of Polish Culture ‘The House of Poles’” in the city of Tomsk, Tomsk national Polish center “White Eagle”, web-page of the Center of Polish Language and Culture of local nonprofit organization National Cultural Autonomy of the Poles of Tomsk “Tomsk Poloniya”. The data about Ukrainian and Belarusian diasporas in the city of Tomsk is given at the websites of regional non-profit organization “Center of Ukrainian Culture ‘Jerelo’” and regional non-profit organization “National Cultural Autonomy of Belarusians in Tomsk Region”. All the organizations can be found at the website of the Palace of Arts and Crafts “Avangard”. Most complete information on the Internet can be found about the activity of Polish organizations. The given internet resources present the basis for demonstration, reproduction and building of ethnocultural identity of the mentioned diasporas. The images of traditional folklife culture contributing to actualization of the image of ethnical “friend” play an important role in the structure of ethnical representation. Linguistic means (greetings in native language, nominatives, etc.), visual images (traditional ethnic costumes, household items, dishes of traditional cuisine, symbolic of national holidays and celebrations) are used as markers and ethnocultural symbols. Great significance is given to preservation and modeling of historical memory, appeal to the general historical past and historical motherland is realized. Large attention is paid to active involvement of diasporas members into cultural events of organizations (advertizing language courses of mother tongue, music and theatre festivals, traditional holidays, etc.). Identity of Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk as presented on the Internet is formed selectively and it largely depends on the nature of organization activity, professional orientation and interests of their leaders. Keywords: Slavic diasporas, Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians, national cultural unions of the Slavs, ethnocultural identity, internet of Tomsk | 2552 | |||||
| 92 | The present article is devoted to the identification and analysis of standard phrases that reflect the time in the Khakass folklore texts, in particular in the texts of folk tales and heroic tales. Despite the fact that folk tales and heroic sagas belong to different genres of folklore, the authors were able to identify similar meaning, reflect a long time in folk texts. In the analysis of these sentences the focus of the authors was drawn to the frequency of use of standard phrases, pairs of adverbs in the folklore texts, also for the variable use of certain structures. The main result of this article is to define the means of expressing the category of time in the Khakass folklore texts. Keywords: category of time, Khakas folklore texts, standard phrases, adverbs | 2551 | |||||
| 93 | The article considers the development of social attitudes including gender imperatives in Yakut mythology and epic. The analysis of the role of the character of Urung Aiyy Toyon in the formation of the patriarchal organization of the Yakut society is carried out. The character of Urung Aiyy Toyon was a patron of the new social order and a tool for supplanting the matrilineal community cult and its leading character the mistress of the Earth. The work highlights the stages of the historical development of the character of Urung Aiyy Toyon, associated with structural changes in the Yakut society during the process of transition from matrilineality to patrilineality, as well as the ideological function of this cult. The character of Urung Aiyy Toyon acted as a bearer of typical features of the social group of toyons, and myths about him turned out to be an active element of the structures of domination in the Yakut society. The cult of Urung Aiyy Toyon was formed and maintained as an ideological rationale for the power of the toyons, heads of individual patronymias. It was necessary in order to bring and strengthen the idea of a patriarchal organization in Yakut mythology. The character of Urung Aiyy Toyon is self-sufficient and does not need magical qualities and heroic deeds. For creators and consumers of mythology its social status as the head of the agnationalcommunitythe was most important. In the myth and the heroic epic of Olonkho, Urung Aiyy Toyon reinforces the patriarchal genealogy. In the cult of Urung Aiyy Toyon, the idea of male dominance is vividly represented and the tendencies that lead to the formation of a gender hierarchy in Yakut society are manifested. The mythology of Urung Aiyy Toyon was the rationale for the system of agnatic kinship, sanctifying the norms of customary law, reinforcing male dominance and women's subordinate position. The myth of Urung Aiyy Toyon appears as an active element of the structures of domination in Yakut society, which functioned as a tool for consolidating gender inequality and establishing the power of the Yakut toyons. Keywords: Yakuts, mythology, epos, olonkho, male images, female images, patriarchy, Urung Aiyy Toyon | 2548 | |||||
| 94 | The article is devoted to the psycholinguistic analysis of the traditional gender stereotypes of the Turkic peoples in the proverbs of the Altai and Yakut languages. We analyzed 210 proverbs, 124 proverbs in Altai and 86 proverbs in Yakut language, reflecting the gender stereotypes and social behavior of men and women. We used the methods of content- and intent-analysis with the aime of define the content and intentions of proverbs, their comparison. The proverbs of the Altaians and Yakuts reflect traditional generic and family relations, connected with androcratic (patriarchal) attitudes, regulation of gender differences, dichotomization of masculine and feminine, hierarchy of status of men and women. There are the androcentric attitudes, gender polarization and gender inequality in the traditional gender stereotypes of the proverbs of Altaians and Yakuts. The proverbs of the masculine stereotypes of Altaians and Yakuts contain the intentions “Instruction”, “Praise”, “Advice”, and “Evaluation”. The androcentric component is more pronounced in the masculine stereotypes of Yakut, than that of the Altaians stereotypes. The proverbs of the feminine stereotypes of Altaians and Yakuts contain the intentions “Caution”, “Exposure”, “Reprimand” and “Reproach”. The sexist component is more pronounced in the female stereotypes of the Yakuts, than that of the Altaians stereotypes. The masculine stereotypes of Altaians and Yakuts are more consistent than feminine stereotypes. Keywords: turkic languages, altai language, yakut language, paremia, proverbs, sayings, gender roles, gender stereotypes, male stereotypes, female stereotypes, androcentrism, androcracy, patriarchy, gender polarization | 2520 | |||||
| 95 | The rite of seeing off the recruits (soldiers) of the Chuvashs, like that of other peoples of Russia, began to take shape with the introduction of recruitment duty. According to the unfolding and variability, recruit rituals are much more inferior to wedding and funeral-memorial rituals, but it is nevertheless a rather complex and structured ritual complex. In this work, on the basis of archival, literary sources and author's field materials, the magical rites, signs and beliefs that took place in the recruitment ritual of the Chuvashs in the Volga-Ural region in the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Their goal is identified as having a magical effect on the fate of the conscripted to military service, furnishing their surroundings with reliable and permanent protection, ensuring a safe return to their homeland. Keywords: Chuvashs, seeing off in recruits, magic rituals, Volga-Ural region | 2514 | |||||
| 96 | The author of article considered specifics of use of folklore in concert and scenic practice of Belarus. She revealed a range of approaches to a scenic embodiment of folklore which varies from the minimum scenic adaptation of the traditional primary source before its cardinal transformation. This art phenomenon is defined by the author as a performing folklorizm which represents the independent direction of art creativity within which the scenic embodiment of folklore is carried out by performing means of theatrical, choreographic and musical art. The specifics of a performing folklorizm in Belarus at different stages of this development was considered in this article. The origin of a performing folklorizm as art phenomenon in Belarus belongs to the end of the XIX century. The performing creativity focused on folklore evolved actively in blighty scenic practice for more than hundred years. The history of performing folklorizm in Belarus have been developing in the context of all cultural history of Belarus but it has some specifics. The author allocated and considered some characteristics of five periods of its development: origin (the 1890s – 1917); registration as independent scenic phenomenon (1917 – mid 1950s); setting style of “the academic nationality” (mid 1950s – the 1960s); stylistic updating (1970 – the 1980s); statement of a stylistic variety with preservation of steady positive dynamic of development (since the 1990s to the present time). Keywords: implementation on folklorism, concert and scenic practice, stage realization of folklore | 2511 | |||||
| 97 | The article is devoted to the development of the Northern Urals as the territory of the settlement of the ancestors of the Northern group of the Mansi people in the past. The subjects of the research are ethnographic and archaeological data reflecting the stages of development of this part of the Urals as well as mythological texts which illustrate these data. Against the background of unequal settlement the formation of different actual level and social development of mythological characters revealed: the epic heroes of the song times; unions of the "owners" of the Urals; the tribes of ancient hunters; fraternal groups of soldiers both the autochthons and the aliens. The material of the article, including Mansi terminology, focuses on a group of native speakers of the Northern dialect of Mansi language. The purpose of the study is filling a gap in the insufficiently studied theme about the early colonization of the Urals and its first settlers on the materials of mythology. Keywords: Northern Ural, Mansi, mythological epochs, ancient population, wars, resettlement | 2511 | |||||
| 98 | The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act. Keywords: khakass language, Turkic languages, verb, visual perception, meaning | 2508 | |||||
| 99 | In the article the data collected by the author during the expedition (November and December 2017) to Tukhard (Karaul rural settlement, Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District) and the nomadic settlements of reindeer herders in Tukhard tundra are considered. In the first section оf the article the question about the boundaries of Tukhard tundra, the key “milestones” of Tukhard history and the data on the population of the region are considered. In the second section the author describes the material of the research (the detailed sociolinguistic interviews with the analysis of genealogical lines, “family trees” and language biographies of the native speakers of the Tukhard idiom of the Taimyr dialect of Tundra Nenets) and deals with the main difficulties and problems of the method of sociolinguistic reconstruction according to the data of language biographies. In the third section there are the lists of surnames of different local ethnic groups, living in Tukhard tundra (Tundra Nenets, Tundra Enets, Dolgans etc.). In the fourth section of the article the author illustrates the possibilities of the method of sociolinguistic reconstruction according to the data of language biographies: the peculiarities of multilingualism functioning in the conditions of mixed marriages and economic activities of representatives of different ethnic groups, as well as linguistic ideologies behind them are considered. In addition, this section shows how the loss of multilingualism (“the big shift to Tundra Nenets”) occured. In conclusion the author highlightes the uniqueness of the local group of Tukhard Nenets, in which a lot of different ethnic components are “dissolved”. Keywords: Tundra Nenets, Tundra Enets, Dolgan, language biography, sociolinguistics, linguistic ideology, multilingualism, local ethnic group | 2504 | |||||
| 100 | The article is devoted history of creation and subsequent study of the archive of V. N. Chernetsovone of the first scientists in the country, who carried out the filming of the bear festival in 1948 at Ob Mansi (Veǯakora local group on the Gornaya river Ob) and the Northern group of the Khanty Kazym river. Based on the study of archive films preserved in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Siberia at Tomsk state University (TSU MATS), the conclusion about the uniqueness of this historic source of information and the need to be equal to the intangible cultural heritage of the peoples of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Keywords: film archive V. N. Chernetsov, bear festival, filmmaking, ethnographic expeditions | 2503 | |||||
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