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| 101 | The paper described historical data about some of the medieval Turkic tribes related to the problem of the Kazakh peopleorigin and formation. The author analyzes and significantly develops the conclusions of researchers who studied ethnonyms preserved as a part of many Turkic people, including Kazakhs. There were systematized the data on the relationship between ethnonyms and geographical locality names whose territory inhabited by tribes with the same name, as well as the Altai origins of some of them and close mutual contacts with the common ethnic elements, later took part in the formation of many of the Turkic-speaking people. The objects of study have become some of the tribes-makskar, pelvis, sherkesh, kzylkurt. Studying these subjects has allowed the author to establish a possible relationship of ethnonyms appearance in the structure of the Kazakh tribal associations with the history of their formation, dating back to antiquity. The study relates to the formulation of the chronology stages problem formation of the Kazakh nation and is a supplement to the formation of protokazakh period. Keywords: ethnic processes, Kazakh tribes, mascart, taz, kyzylkurt, ethnohistorical relationship, tamgas | 2506 | |||||
| 102 | In Turkic-Mongolian mythology the most common appealing to the deity during ceremonial actions (veneration of celestial beings, spirits of ancestors, spirits of mountains and fire) is the word khairkhan / kairakan. The article is devoted to the meanings of this word in Turkic and Mongolian rite acts, revealing of their differences depending on traditions, rite action, language features in the diachronic aspect. The analysis of the theonym khayrkhan / kairakan of Mongolian peoples in comparison with Siberian Turks of the Sayan-Altay area from the point of view of preservation and transformation of the code word in the rite tradition seems relevant. The author aims to identify from a semiotic point of view the meaning of the theohym khairkhan, and its connotations, fixed in tradition. The etymology of the word khairkhan in the Mongolian and Turkic languages of the Sayan-Altay area has been considered. The mythological semantics of this word have been studied on material of the rite texts of Mongolian and Turkic peoples. The main denotations, such as the supreme deity, the guardian spirit (spirits of mountains, fire, ongon-spirits), and totem (bear, snake) were revealed. Depending on the cultural experience of the people, the denotation of theonym changes in different language environments, rite tradition and time continuum. It is assumed that strict observance of ritual, prescribed behavior, transmission of formula expressions without changes contributed to preservation of this word as a key word in the memory of the collective. Its mythological background with ancient sacred roots sounds as echo in ritual action. It is established that khairkhan / kairakan is one of the oldest symbols of the deity in the Turk- Mongolian tradition. If one considers the theonym without going beyond the sustainable cultural context, in Turk-Mongolian mythology it is used in its basic denotative meaning as giving mercy. The author concludes that theonym khairkhan / kayrakan, while maintaining its archetypal mythological meaning, is a steady code word in the Turk-Mongolian rite tradition. Keywords: tradition, mythology, ceremony, worship, deity, spirit, fire, mountain | 2505 | |||||
| 103 | On the basis of author's field materials and church rules of the Kormchy book, the paper deals with the subject of matrimonial relations at conservative-bespopovtsy (pomorets) living in the Ust-Tsilemsky district of the Komi Republic. The paper describes the analysis of local terminology describing male and female genitals, the variability of designations of coition which was defined by peasant understanding about process from a position of estimated judgment as an "just" and "injust" business; the traditional poetry of fostering of children contacting identification of a floor and "opening" of genitals of babies. Special attention is paid to the birth of illegitimate children which was explained by ignoring by conservatives of church wedding, compared to defilement of life, being considered as immeasurably great sin, than carnal intercourse in "anti-christian time". Keywords: Russians, Old Believers, matrimonial relations, fostering of children, illegitimate children, rites | 2501 | |||||
| 104 | A. P. Dulzon (09.11.1900–15.01.1973) is well known among the specialists in Uralic studies as the scholar with a wide range of research interests, the developer of the new fundamental principles of Samoyedic studies. Professor Dulzon is acknowledged for his significant contribution to the studies of the pre-russian population of Western Siberia: Chulym Tatars, Ket and Selkup languages, Yeniseic-Chukotsko-Koryak similarities in verb conjugation, common features of the Indoeuropean and Uralo-Altaic verb-forms, commonalities in noun declension of Indoeuropean and Yeniseic languages. A. P. Dulzon also focused his research on the study of hydronyms, their origin and semantics. Special attention is paid to the study of ancient toponyms. According to A. P. Dulzon, the analysis of such toponyms is hampered by the complexity of their modern structure, the original form of which is often completely modified by numerous layers of previous place-names. The toponyms of the Ugro-Samoyedic origin belong to the ancient toponyms of the Ural-Volga area, and can be analysed by deciphering their complex phonetic and semantic structure modified in the past centuries. The analysis points to the complexity of the ethnogenetic processes in the Ural-Volga area and Western Siberia. Consequently, it is impossible to study the existing toponymic system of the Ural-Volga area as formed by the peoples residing there at present and ignore the chronological periods of their formation and the influence of substrate, superstrate and other phenomena. The etymological interpretation of the hydronyms of the Ural-Volga area is impossible without extensive diachronic and synchronic comparative analysis, and without taking chronological and areal considerations. The comparative cartography of the hydronyms of the Ural-Volga area reveals their twin-hydronyms in Western Siberia. Keywords: A. P. Dulzon, Ural-Volga area, toponymy | 2493 | |||||
| 105 | Article raises the main questions connected with variability of language on the example of functioning of Spanish in the territory of the Mexican peninsula Yucatan. A language variation as process of linguistic change in itself is very difficult and subject to influence of a set of factors, often from each other not the dependent. In each certain Latin American country formation of the literary standards of Spanish happened differently. Spanish of Mexico and, in particular, the peninsula Yucatan – one of unique language educations not only because it is the largest Spanish-speaking country, but also a place where the stable all-Spanish kernel and dialect features caused by identity of the Mexican culture organically coexist. Spanish of Mexicans is national option of Spanish since compliance to functions of national option is peculiar to it: a rank official, existence of national literary norm, the status native for absolute number of inhabitants, performance of full volume of public functions and language and culture specifics. Spanish in the territory of the peninsula Yucatan significantly differs from norms of the Mexican national option of Spanish and has similarity with Cuban, Andalusia, Argentina, Verakruz. Also that the Maya language is now one of languages on which speaks the population of the peninsula Yucatan owing to what the Spanish informal conversation included many words from the Maya language. Considerable changes at the phonetic, grammatical and lexical levels are noted. Keywords: language variability, dialect, social status of Spanish, standard of the speech, Mexican national option of Spanish, peninsula Yucatan | 2491 | |||||
| 106 | The article analyzes the semantic structure of the basic perceptual verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- «listen» in the Khakass language. In particular, peripheral components of their semantics that are not reflected in dictionary interpretations, which are formed by the ratio of grammatical and semantic elements, are identified and described. It is established that the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Grammatical indicators clarify and add certain shades to the semantics of the verb. The correlation of grammatical and meaningful components in the semantic structure of the verb кöр- «look, see» is systematized in syntactic constructions that convey evaluative statements on the part of the speaker (кöрдек аны…). As an introductory word, this verb forms constructions expressing fear and caution from a negative situation; punishment with a touch of categorical; threat and warning that the speaker is ready to respond to unwanted actions of the enemy. The disclosure of relevant grammatical and meaningful forms in the structure of the verb ис- «listen» is not fixed by us. However, much less frequently than the verb кöр- «look, see», he can introduce a construct that describes a perceptual situation or a fact that is a reliable persuasive argument of the speaker being right. Most often, the verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- « listen; hear» are often used in the form of appeals to visual and auditory perception. Thus, the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Keywords: Khakass language, basic perceptual verbs, communicative act, speaking, semantics | 2491 | |||||
| 107 | The work is the result of investigations of the author of the problems of nonclassical anthropology. The author proposes introduction to a new field of interdisciplinary investigations and projects – anthropoetics. It is a centaurnotion, consisting of two parts, subject elaborations. The first is elaborating nonclassical anthropology, the building of the new ontology of human being in the situation of shift of ontological identity. The second is the elaboration of the autopoesis method, describing practices of transformation of human being. Keywords: anthropoetics, autopoesis, cultural practices, anthropology, anthropotechnique, anthropopractice | 2488 | |||||
| 108 | Based on the material of the ethnographic documentary «Country of Golds» by the classic of Soviet cinema, Amo Bek-Nazarov, the article considers the direction of artistic documentary as an example of visual and anthropological experiments in the USSR at the turn of the 1920–1930s. Analyzing archival data, director’s diaries, and contemporary testimonies, the author traces the evolution of the mentioned film project in connection with parallel processes in politics and cinema. In the period under study, Soviet filmmakers tested various visualization formats of ethnicity, constructing the Soviet myth of the peoples of the new Union freed by the revolution, which the party leadership needed. Based on an illustrative example of the work of director Amo Bek-Nazarov, the article traces the use of the capabilities of ethnographic cinema as a resource for creating effective on-screen images for traditional use: traditional life (the image of the «dark past») and innovations of socialism (the image of the «bright future»). As soon as the film «Country of Golds» is a kind of film text, consisting of approximately the same number of film frames and text captions alternating in the narrative, the method of analysis of the film was its research decoding – «translation» into text format. The article analyzes the potential of the cinema as a form of visual anthropology, and the film as a multicomponent historical source that displays the culture of the film being shot and shot, reflecting the silhouettes of culture and ideology of its time. Conclusions are drawn about the film «Country of Golds» as a multi-layered historical cinema source, and about the director’s creative methodology for combining documentary and artistic techniques in the process of ethno-cinematic work, as relevant for study and use in modern visual anthropological practice. Keywords: visual anthropology, anthropological cinema, Amo Bek-Nazarov, national politics, USSR | 2486 | |||||
| 109 | After completion of the Soviet-Polish war and the conclusion of the Riga peace treaty the exchange of prisoners of war began. For the control of the process of repatriation to Siberia there arrived the representation of the Mixed commission as a part of the Polish and Russian-Ukrainian delegations. All prisoners had to be subject to mandatory registration. A special commission of the Soviet leaders of Polish origin had set belonging to Polish nationality of persons who had no documents. Re-evacuation took place in difficult conditions of post-war time: lack of material resources, bad work of railway transport and epidemic of typhus. Politics of Soviet power which wasn't interested in mass departure of Poles to motherland became a serious obstacle for re-evacuation of prisoners of war. Soviet officials refused to dismiss service professionals, as well as returnees who were involved in the forced labor. Violations of provisions of the Agreement on repatriation from the Soviet power were explained by ideological approach. According to the opinion of members of the Soviet government potential agents of the Soviet power had to return to Poland and class enemies had to remain in Russia. Keywords: The Riga peace treaty, repatriation, Polish prisoners of war | 2483 | |||||
| 110 | An important component of the contemporary Mongolian ethnicity – native nomadic places («nutag») and their representations are being explored. Different variations of the interpretation of this image are given. The situational essence of nutag perception is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to individual features of understanding and localization of a small homeland. The sources of the nutag study are conditionally divided into three groups: oral, old-written and modern musical-literary. When considering sources, special attention is paid to the literary and musical-poetic creativity of Mongolian authors of the 20th – early 21st century. The traditional notion of nutag is an understanding of the specific landscape in which the spirit-masters and the spirits of the ancestors of living people inhabit. These people support a psycho-emotional and mental connection with their native nomadic places. Today this representation is replaced by generalized images and only for an outside observer it becomes an abstraction. In fact, the nutag, as before, for each Mongolian retains a deep semantic load that is not extrapolated to the outside observers. In conclusion, the dual essence of the contemporary ideas about the Mongol homeland is emphasized: external abstractness and internal individual imagery, which is associated with a specific locality, natural objects and spirits-masters of the native landscape. Keywords: Mongolia, Mongolians, ethnic self-consciousness, ethnicity, homeland, image | 2470 | |||||
| 111 | The paper concerns argument structure of causative verbs in Tundra Nenets and Forest Nenets. Special attention is paid to marking of the initial subject of a non-causative construction. Changing of syntactic status of predicate’s arguments in course of causativization meets expectations and conforms to B. Comrie’s generalization known as “paradigm case”. According to it, the causee (initial subject) is demoted to the highest free position at the grammatical relations hierarchy. The basic ingestive verb (‘eat’) is of interest because it is transitive in the Nenets languages and does not admit omission of its direct object. However, it is causativized as if it were intransitive. Short comments on syntax of an analytic causative construction are also made. Keywords: Tundra Nenets, Forest Nenets, causative, argument structure, ingestive verbs | 2466 | |||||
| 112 | The article deals with phonetic interference in the consonantal system of Chukchi’s Russian speech. The significant feature is instability and heterogeneity of oppositions between so called “hard”/“soft” and voiced/voiceless consonants. The very structure of opposition between obstruents and sonorants differs in Russian and Chukchi. Some deviations from the Russian phonetic norms that take place in Chukchi’s Russian speech are connected to place and manner of articulation. Thus, the Chukchi articulate a number of Russian consonants deeper in the oral cavity. We hope to further deepen our knowledge on how Chukchi phonetic system is projected on Russian, and thus expand our views on both structures. Keywords: The Chukchi language, the Russian language, language contact, phonetic interference, consonants | 2466 | |||||
| 113 | The article is based оn the insufficiently studied field data of the vocabulary materials, collected by the Toponymic Field Team of the Ural Federal University in 1968–1971 from Upper Lozva’s and Upper Sosva’s Mansi raindeer herdsmen in the Northern Ural Mountains. Now the speakers of the Upper Lozva version of the northern Mansi dialect no longer practice raindeer herdsmanship, and the number of such speakers is continuously decreasing. Therefore, it becomes especially important to pay attention to the lexical data reflecting the state of the northern dialects of the Mansi language of the second half of the XX century. Mansi vocabulary presented in the field materials of expeditions covers almost all the conceptual sphere. A reflection of the stability of the northern Mansi’s lexical stock and its development, as well Mansi’s increasing familiarity with the civilization realities. The article presents the changes in semantic volume of the Mansi lexemes, the features of lexical-derivational variation, the semantics and ways of creating the neologisms. Keywords: Mansi vocabulary, second part of XX century, field research, new lexical materials, the development of Mansi language | 2465 | |||||
| 114 | Folklore as a phenomenon of folk culture has always been part of the subject area of Ethnography. Ritual poetry, fairy tales, myths cannot be fully explained outside the ethnographic context. In folklore works with the help of ethnographic data can be identified archaic ideas and relics of religious and magical practices that existed in the past. In the article for the first time on the Khakas material the analytical review of the folklore plots connected with a snake is given. It is concluded that in the culture of Khakas the image of the snake was endowed with sacredness. This reptile was elevated to the rank of revered patron spirits. The image of the snake was associated with the views about time and calendar rites. It was closely connected with the cult of natural objects, in particular with the worship of mountains, water and embodied the idea of fertility. Snake, as a representative of the world of chthonic creatures, endowed with great mystical power, was included in the initiation rituals. In the considered folklore materials data on ethnic history and cultural relations of indigenous peoples of southern Siberia are revealed. The snake for some Khakas clans was perceived as a totem. By snake symbolism in folklore was submitted to the process of inter-ethnic interaction Arins with the Khakas people. In the future, due to historical reasons, including inter-ethnic interaction with other peoples, the image of the snake has undergone a significant rethinking and loss of many archaic features. In this connection, in folklore, it is already endowed with mostly negative connotation. Keywords: Khakas, folk, world, snake, the protector-spirit, ritual | 2464 | |||||
| 115 | The article aims at questions of identity and language practice of Russian/Russian-speaking po pulation of Fergana. Ethno-cultural identity of the Russian population, which was formed in the prerevolutionary and Soviet periods, was based on the traditions established in Ferghana as a center of military-colonial administration of Ferghana region: a high level of education of the population, the presence of theatre, reading and wide dissemination of the Russian language in the city. These factors became the basis of “Oldferghan’s identity”, which was acutely aware of the population of Fergana in a difficult post-Soviet period during the active rural-urban migration to the city. During the period of sovereignty in the city, as well as in the country, has changed the status of the Russian language, closed the main industrial enterprises, which were occupied by Russian, decreased the scope of employment, which ultimately led to mass migration from Fergana. If in 1926 in Ferghana lived 55 % of Russian, then in 2013 the share of Russian is 3.4 %. “Oldferghan’s Russian” still strives to maintain the high standards of the former culture of Fergana and at the same time adapting to the new realities of the city. The results showed that the Russian master the national language or know it within the minimum necessary for the job. However, conformity to the language question does not mean full integration in the Russian socio-cultural environment of post-Soviet Ferghana. Adapting to Russian conditions of Fergana, losing Soviet status of cultural capital and cosmopolitan city, is more complicated. Between indigenous people and visitors of Fergana there is alienation associated with complete-ly different lifestyle. Keywords: Russian-speaking population, titular, language practice, state language, identity | 2461 | |||||
| 116 | The article investigates the problem of museum exposition texts translation from Russian into English. It summarizes the practical experience of translating museum exposition texts of the Taganrog Historical and Regional Museum “Alferaki Palace”. It is noted that museum exposition is an interlingual and intercultural dialogue, a multicultural media text. The authors reach a conclusion that foreign visitors need the adapted information in traditional international format to understand the background of the exposition. They make an effort to save the cultural specific features of the museum. The article has a cross-disciplinary emphasis and may be of interest for specialists of museology, translation and interpretation studies, intercultural communication and philology fields. Keywords: museum exposition; museum exposition texts translation; dialogue of different cultures; museum label, interlingual and intercultural communication; multicultural media text; culture-specific concept, translation transformation | 2455 | |||||
| 117 | Kulemzin V.M. . // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2013. Issue 1 (1). P. 125-128 . | 2454 | |||||
| 118 | This article was prepared on the basis of the literature, the museum sources and field data collected by the author in 2003 and 2010–2013 in Anadyr, the Anadyr and Chukotian regions of the Chukotian autonomous okrug. The aim of the article is to characterize the sacred and highly revered heirlooms and ritual objects used during the traditional ceremonies of the nomadic and coastal Chukchi groups. In the article we also present the records of the informants who watched traditional ceremonies or were directly involved in them. In this paper we do not consider the manufacture and application of the ritual objects in the funeral rites of the Chukchi. Knowledge of the sacred objects are well preserved in the modern indigenous peoples of Chukotka although the most complete information about the traditional cults possess people who spent their childhood and most of his life in the tundra, in nomad camps surrounded by older relatives and traditional language environment. Keywords: Indigenous peoples of Chukotka, spiritual culture, traditional beliefs, sacred objects, heirlooms | 2448 | |||||
| 119 | This article discusses the traditions and innovations in the wedding of the Ukrainian population in the rural villages of the Altai Territory during the XX century. One of the most stable components of spiritual culture, an example of which in a certain historical time period can be traced to the degree of preservation of traditions and the emergence of innovation, a wedding ritual. During the 1910–1960s the wedding of Ukrainians of the Altai Territory was exposed to various influences, resulting in a transformation of the traditional wedding ceremony, namely the introduction of elements of novation. Keywords: Ukrainian rural population, Altay, wedding rituals, traditions, innovations | 2447 | |||||
| 120 | In order to reveal the image of the Bashkir mythological figure Azhdaha, we compare him with similar figuresin neighboring and other peoples and try to identify the roots of his appearance in the region. We show and describetwo images of the Bashkir Azhdaha – a fairy-tale, dragon-like appearance and a mythological, serpent-likeappearance. The study is based on the authors’ field material, information from Bashkir folklore, and comparativematerial on Turkic-speaking and Iranian peoples. Azhdaha is known among the Bashkirs in two images: in the epicsand fairy tales, he is represented as a multi-headed dragon, and in various religious beliefs, he is a mythologizedserpent that has reached enormous proportions after a hundred-year life. The presence of many similar featuresamong other peoples of Eurasia suggests that his image evolved in the general Eurasian channel. The dragonitself is a later mythological figure, which is a further development of the image of the serpent, which had an ambivalentcharacter in the representations. Among the Bashkirs, both images – the serpent and the dragon – werecalled by the same name – azhdaha, which has an Iranian etymology and goes back to the Avestic mythology.At the same time, both are negative figures associated with the element of water. Azhdaha, from different beliefs,represents a long-lived serpent, in our opinion, reflecting the transformation of a serpent, which originally hadno clear negative character, into a negative character that harms people. The development of the fabulous and epicazhdaha took place separately, and its image is generally closely associated with the literary tradition of the East.His image is less uniform – he may be many-headed and have the ability to fly, breathe fire, and guard a watersource, or a treasure, mountains appear in the place of his slain body. Close to the first serpent/dragon from thelegends, which are preserved only in records from the XIX – early XX centuries. He was a huge serpent whoserestlessness forced the local population to change their residence. Keywords: azhdaha, dragon, serpent, mythological character, Bashkirs | 2445 | |||||
| 121 | The article deals with a game klyok (kind of pyzh, gorodki) in the Mari gaming culture. We consider the area of term klyok according to earlier sources and contemporary records. In Mari language klyok seems borrowing from Russian dialects. Further etymology points to the North-Caucasian origin of it; original forms (Chechen ģhulģ , Ingush ģholģ, Abaza qual, Ossetian qul I and ğolæ D) means «the dice». The fact that this term is moved onto the wooden ryuhu, plastic bottle finds genetic link of Russian and Finno-Ugric games like klyok with games of the Turkic and Caucasian peoples (with dices), reflects the processes and areas of ethnic interaction. Keywords: folk games, Mari games, meaningless words, Finno-Ugric languages, Russian dialects, borrowing, ethnic interaction | 2444 | |||||
| 122 | A comparative analysis of vocabulary related to the group of dairy food products traditional for the nomadic cattle-breeding peoples of Central Asia – the Khalkha-Mongols, Buryats and Oirats, as well as Kalmyks. The research modern Mongolian languages, as well as materials of dialectological expeditions conducted by Valentin Ivanovich Rassadin from the 1970s to the 2000s in the Republic of Buryatia, Western Mongolia. All Mongolian peoples traditionally continue to breed five types of cattle – horses, cows, sheep, goats and camels, from which milk is obtained as a starting product for the preparation of a wide variety of dairy dishes by fermentation, distillation, straining, settling, boiling, drying or diluting with tea or water. It was possible to find out that dairy cattle breeding and methods of preparing many dairy products came to the ancient from the depths of centuries, along with the names from the ancient Turks and are still preserved among the modern Mongolian peoples. Considering the terms of dairy products in Mongolian languages, a list of terms in Mongolian language, have a complete analogy to modern. Above list of words clearly testifies that the terms of dairy farming have long been established in the Mongolian languages, most likely, back in the Mongolian era, when dairy farming was among the Mongol tribes. Further development of this layer of vocabulary, especially in terms of its, will shed light on the external influence, especially the Turkic languages, in which the terms of dairy products were formed, since a number of Mongolian terms have analogies in the Turkic languages, such as: turk. süt – milk, ajran – sour milk, qurut – dried cheeses, bїšlaq – home-made cheese, irimek – curd scum on the walls of the boiler from boiling sour milk, araqї – vodka. Keywords: mongolian peoples, the ancient Turks, five kinds of cattle, horses, cows, sheep, goats, camels, milk, boiling, souring, distillation, filtering, drying, mixing | 2437 | |||||
| 123 | The research project deals with the analysis and description of the semantic category of location and motion in the Ket language using the approach advanced in the framework of the Theory of Functional Grammar as advanced by A. V. Bondarko and his research team. The investigation uses a notion of locative construction which includes three basic components: the object being localized (Figure, in L. Talmy’s notation), the reference object, or landmark (Ground) and spatial relations between the former and the latter. The semantic types of locative constructions based on the static and dynamic types of spatial relations, and topological and non-topological characteristics of spatial relations have been distinguished. The analysis of the basic language means of expressing spatial relations in Ket which include lexical items (motion and posture verbs, locative adverbs), grammatical items (case markers, locative postpositions), incorporated, and syntactic means (simple and polypredicative clauses) has been done. The research project examines the locational and directional markers on the components of static and dynamic spatial situations which include case markers, locative postpositions and adverbs differentiating essive, allative, elative and prolative meanings. The idioethnic specificity of marking spatial relations has been shown. The specificity consists in double subject marking of motion verbs, possibility of deriving transitive causative motion verbs from the corresponding intransitive motion verbs by adding one more subject agreement slot containing a subject marker which is co-referent with the subject marker of the original intransitive verb, the availability of incorporated motion verbs, аmong others. The notion of the non-verbal predicate as understood by Kees Hengeveld is proposed to be applied to the Ket material. The principal means of marking non-verbal predicates which involve personal and non-personal predicative suffixes are considered. The classification of the structural types of non-verbal locative predicates has been accomplished. As a result, the personal-predicative and non-personal-predicative predicates have been identified. The former are represented by substantive, substantive-postpositional, pronominal, pronominal-postpositional, adverbial predicates as well as some spatial nouns, and the latter – only by substantive-postpositional predicates. Keywords: Ket language, Theory of functional Grammar, static situations, dynamic situations, different-level means of coding spatial relations, non-verbal predicates | 2434 | |||||
| 124 | The given article addresses the problem of negation of interrogative and negative pronouns and adverbs in Vakh and Vasyugan dialects of Khanty. The thesis that in these dialects of the Khanty language there are no independent negative pronouns and adverbs, and there are only functional equivalents in the form of negative structures is put forward. The article also gives a brief description of similar phenomena in other eastern dialects of the Khanty language. At the end of the discussion, the functional equivalents of negative pronouns and adverbs1 are considered from the point of symmetry/asymmetry, as well as from the perspective of typology of denial. Keywords: pronouns, adverbs, negation, grammaticalization, Siberian endangered languages, typology | 2433 | |||||
| 125 | The article deals with nominational and ethnographical features of Russian plant names derived from such bird names as kuritsa ‘hen’ and petukh ‘cock’. There are 20 such names in Russian, which denote 86 plants from 67 botanical families. A huge amount of plants and a small number of names used for them can be both explained by the fact of botanical homonymy. Therefore one name (along with its variations) is used for denoting a number of plants. The biggest groups of homonyms are built by plant names as kurinaya slepota ‘night blindness’ (literally ‘hen blindness’) and petushok ‘little cock’. The other phenomenon is the one of botanical synonymy. Thus a number of dialectal plant names can denote only one plant. However there are not so many botanical synonyms among the studied plant names. The study of plant names etymology and the analyzing of ethnographical data concerning birds as hen and cock in Russian traditional culture allow categorizing the plant names according to their nominational features. There were determined the following nominational features: plant habitus, medical and household use of plant (like for hen feed), playing or ritual use of plant, plant injuriousness for people or birds. Also some plant names were given in connecting with features that hen or cock has in Russian traditional culture, for example plants with phallic racemes or long narrow leaves are called cock plants because the cock symbolizes manliness. It should be also noted, that the nominational features or origin of some plant names can’t be found out. The most common reason is that some mistakes occurred by rewriting or while compelling the botanical dictionaries. Despite that fact the ethnographical approach proves itself as a very efficient one and can provide some useful information, which usually isn’t present in linguistic sources. Keywords: plant name, bird name, nominational features, botanical synonymy, botanical homonymy, botanical terminology | 2430 | |||||
| 126 | The article characterizes the current state of the Teleut language, which belongs to the minority Turkic languages of Siberia. An analysis of the position of the Teleut language in existing classifications of Turkic languages is given. Fieldtrip linguistic data on Teleut collected by the authors in 2013–2014 allow to make certain conclusions about the extent of language preservation within different age groups as well as the main language use spheres. There is a significant influence of the Russian language expressing in a large number of loanwords displacing native Turkic words. Also the syntactic rules of Teleut are often being neglected as a result of Russian language impact. “The Teleut language” at the moment is a conditional term for the language of the indigenous Turkic population of Belovo district in Kemerovo region, South Siberia, Russia. In common Turkic languages classifications it is often referred to as a southern dialect of the Altai language. However, there are prerequisites to consider it as a separate language. Despite the genetic links Teleut language has with other Southern Altai dialects, forming together a national literary Altai language, Teleut has a clearly defined geographical location, which does not border on the Altai language area. It is also spoken by a separate and united ethnolinguistic community and has a separate writing and orthography, different from Altai literary language, which is of course still disputable since there are no stable literary rules for modern written Teleut. This allows us to consider the existence of a linguistic cluster comprising Altai and Teleut languages. However this thesis requires more empirical Teleut fieldtrip material with the subsequent analysis of all levels of the language system. Currently Teleut is strongly influenced by Russian, mainly its lexicon and also simple, complex and compound sentence syntax. It’s typical for Russian loanwords in Teleut to undergo morphological and phonological adaptations in accordance with the rules of Teleut language. Syntactically Teleut sentences tend to follow the SVO pattern instead of placing the finite predicate in the absolute end of clause. Complex and compound sentences have become excessively rich in Russian loan conjunctions which are broadly used in favor of traditional Teleut postpositions normally linking the clauses in Turkic languages. These changes underscore the urgent need for documentation and further analysis of the Teleut language. Keywords: Teleut language, Turkic languages of Siberia, idioms, language cluster, language bilateral influence, borrowing, the “language or dialect” problem | 2427 | |||||
| 127 | The article examines the ideas of the mammoth in the traditions of the Siberian peoples, with special attention to the image of the mammoth-horned fish known to the Kets, Selkups, Ob-Ugrians, and Evenkis. The word for ‘mammoth fish’ has been reliably reconstructed for the Yenician proto-language (*čer), and the Yeniseian name of this mythological being has been borrowed into the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia and the Evenks. This root has a deeper Proto-Sino-Caucasian etymology with parallels in the meaning ‘worm,’ ‘lizard,’ ‘snail,’ etc. In the mythology of the Sino-Caucasian peoples who are linguistically distantly related to Yeniseian (Chinese, Burish, and their neighbors, etc.), a mythologeme is known about the transformation of an animal from the fish-lizard-snake class into a dragon-like creature. These data are used to reconstruct the appearance of the mammoth-fish image among the speakers of the Proto-Yeniseian language after their advance into Siberia on the basis of older Sino-Caucasian mythological traditions. In the iconography of the Okunev archeological culture, there are images of ichthyomorphs that are structurally, compositionally, and in detail similar to the images of the mammoth fish among the peoples of Siberia, which shows parallels with the above-mentioned mythologems and the development of the image of the mammoth fish in the spiritual culture of the speakers of the Proto-Yeniseian language. In addition, the overall composition of Okunev’s stelae shows striking structural similarities with the composition of the sacred iconography of Ket, including images of lizards, grave signs, and shamanistic symbols. These parallels have no equivalent in the culture of other peoples of Siberia and should be explained in the context of the development of the Proto-Yeniseian language and mythology. Some iconographic parallels exist in the Ket tradition and in the art of other Siberian cultures in the Okunevo region (especially the Samuś culture). In this respect, there is reason to believe that speakers of the early Proto-Yeniseian language were involved in the formation of the Okunevo culture. The data from physical anthropology and genetics confirm the latter thesis. Keywords: ethnic history, etymology, comparative linguistics, mythology, iconography, Yeniseian languages, Sino-Caucasian languages, Kets, Siberian peoples, archeological culture of Okunevo, mammoth | 2422 | |||||
| 128 | The article deals with the archaeological activities of the famous Siberian historian and archaeologist A.P. Umansky in the 1980s – early 2000s. His long-standing cooperation with the researcher of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences V.A. Mogilnikov was of great importance. The most large-scale result of archaeological research of scientists were the excavations of the Novotroitsk necropolis, conducted in 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986-1991. In all, 314 burials were excavated in Novotroitsk, 296 of which belong to the Scythian time, 16 – to the Late Bronze Age, 1– to the Middle Ages and 1– due to total destruction, remained undefined. One of the important joint scientific developments of A.P. Umansky and V.A. Mogilnikov became the selection of the Kamensk archaeological culture of the second half of the 1st millennium BC. In contrast to the traditional point of view, they linked the origin of Kamensk complexes not only with the development of the autochthonous Bolsherechensk culture, but in many respects with the penetration of the new population from the west or south-west. In 1985, A.P. Umansky took part in the excavations of the Rogozikha-1 mound group, during which a unique oriental-mirror rattle with images of religious-symbolic scenes was found. The definition of image semantics required intensive work to find analogies in archaeological and written sources, including ancient Indian epic works. The scientist interpreted the plot on the Rogozikha mirror as a multi-valued symbolic image of the solemn descent into the underworld. In the 1989–1990th he participated in the research of archaeological sites in the natural boundary of Karban, on the left bank of the Katun-river. As a result of the excavations material that characterizes the different stages of the history of the population of the Altai Mountains in the era of early iron was obtained and which has great historical and artistic value. During the period under review, A.P. Umansky was fruitfully engaged in publishing and understanding the accumulated archaeological sources, he strove to introduce his numerous materials of previous years into scientific circulation. Keywords: archeology, Umansky, Mogilnikov, Novotroitsk, Rogozikha, Karban, Kamensk culture | 2421 | |||||
| 129 | In terms of rural Russian population of the Siberian rearmost village new research technologies of Slavonic cultures in the context of historical events of the XX century are introduced. The main sources of information are the materials of field expeditions in 1990–2014. In the process of studying of sustainment culture of Siberian population during the Great Patriotic War in 1941–1945 the notions of hard, extreme and exceptional conditions of life sustainment are introduced, new differential approach to observation of everyday activities of different social-economical, age, gender and repressed groups of rural community is presented. A set of new notions such as “adaptation practical aspects” in terms of foraging, trapping, hunting, fishing and “replacement technologies” in such elements of life sustainment as nourishment, dwelling, hygiene, etc. are developed in the process of characterization of family economy and labor traditions. “Life strategies” of different groups of Russian population fighting against famine and frost are viewed in their connection with natural resources of surrounding areas. The conclusion about the insurance role of the traditional culture in extreme conditions is made. Keywords: Rural Russian population, rearmost village, war, culture of sustainment, nourishing terrain, family economy, converting household, labor traditions | 2411 | |||||
| 130 | The paper reviews the grammar of negation in two endangered indigenous Uralic languages of Western Siberia: Eastern Khanty and Southern Selkup. These languages have remote genetic affiliation falling respectively within the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic branches of the Uralic language family. At the same time, they are characterized by the situation of extended cultural and linguistic contact, co-inhabiting the area of middle Ob river flows, particularly in the Parabel and Kargasok districts of Tomsk region. Both languages2 are also characterized by comparable sociolinguistic status of extreme endangerment, numbering less than 10 speakers. The main focus of the discussion is the morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of negation. The key objective is to place the data and analysis of negation in the two systems into the general typological context, into local areal Siberian and into genetic Uralic perspective. From the typological standpoint Eastern Khanty and Southern Selkup syntactic negation strategies demonstrate consistent overall symmetry in accordance with the dominant SOV wordorder tendencies. There are, however, special cases of asymmetric strategies associated with non-standard negation, existential negation and negation with indefinite/negative proforms. Keywords: отрицание, селькупский, хантыйский, Сибирь, асимметрия | 2409 | |||||
| 131 | The article is devoted to the study of Bashkir surnames that go back to the ancient protective (apotropic) personal names, designed to ward off "evil forces" from a newborn, which are obsolete and absent in the modern Bashkir name list. The main source of this study was the Bashkir surnames recorded in the collection of documents "Formulary lists on the service of officials of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army for 1836-1842", published in two books (2012, 2014), in which documents of the second quarter of the 19th century were published. , first of all, formular lists of officials of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army. A comparative-historical study of the meanings of individual personal names against the general Turkic background was carried out based on data extracted from the “Ancient Turkic dictionary” and “Bashkir shezhere” by R. G. Kuzeeva. On the basis of ethnocultural works not only in the field of the Turkic peoples, but also of the Eastern Slavs, it was established that the origin of many protective names is associated with the ritual of buying and selling a child, in particular, these are names based on the lexemes katyu 'sell', tүlәү 'pay' , tabyu 'find', al in the meaning '(this) did not die, remained', tor ,on, in which the meaning of yshәһen is embedded, үlmәһen 'let him live, stay', tuҡta 'stop, stop'. Protected, according to the ancient Bashkirs, was considered the child who, according to the terms of the old rite, lay in a dog kennel next to its owner and was named with a name containing the lexeme et ‘dog’. The names of stones and minerals, such as altyn 'gold', kөmөsh 'silver', bulat 'bulat' and, of course, timer 'iron', for which the child was exchanged during the imaginary purchase and sale. In order to protect against evil forces, the ancient Bashkirs also had a tradition of criticizing a child with a bad name (for example, Buzuk, Yamanbai, etc.). Protective personal names with the ish ‘couple, couple’ component, which were given to children if their previous brothers or sisters did not survive, also stand out in a special group. All the protective personal names we have considered, which are a reflection of the ceremony of buying and selling a baby, as well as the people's belief in the power of the word, are currently mainly found in surnames. Keywords: onomastics, anthroponymy, family name, names-amulets, apotropic personal names | 2409 | |||||
| 132 | This study is the second one in a series of studies devoted to the emergence and development of multilingualism in the Kolyma-Alazeya tundra area, a region where the territories of Yukaghir, Even, Chukchi, Yakut, and Russian settlements overlap. The starting point of this study are Evens, their arrival to the area, their contacts with the neighbors, and the languages they spoke. Based on the various sources (the works and reports of ethnographers, travelers, and missioners) we trace the migration routes of Even nomadic groups from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries in this region. We discovered that the Even clans found to the west of Kolyma spoke Yukaghir and most of them considered Yukaghir to be their native language. Apparently, many Evens spoke two languages (Even and Yukaghir), some of them were trilingual (in Even, Yukaghir and Yakut), and quatrolingualism and quintolingualims were also attested. There were also some nomadic Even groups near the Southeastern border of Kolyma-Alazeya tundra, and there is evidence that some of their members could speak Chukchi, Even and Russian. The article briefly compares two dialects of Even which are spread out in the west and east of this region. This comparison confirms intensive language contact between Evens, Yukaghirs, and Yakuts in the Great Western Tundra in the past. At the same time, we did not observe any Chukchi influence in the dialect of the Eastern part of Kolyma-Alazeya tundra. Keywords: multilingualism, Even language, historical sociolinguistics, language maps, Kolyma-Alazeya tundra | 2404 | |||||
| 133 | The paper is aimed at reconstructing one episode of the Selkup family’s life captured by a photograph one hundred years ago. The analysis is based on photographs of the Selkups from the Tym River taken by the renowned Finnish scholar Kai Donner in 1912, and from the records of parish registers of XIX–XX centuries. During his tour of Siberia in 1911–1914, K. Donner reached Kalguak yurts down the Ob river, then went to Napas up the Tym River and got to Makovskoye village down the Ket river. He also made a number of other short-term trips to Siberian towns and settlements of indigenous minorities. The scientist collected extensive materials on ethnography and linguistics of indigenous peoples of Siberia.We present the possibilities of implementing the method of reconstructing the sequence of the events based on the episode of the life of a wellknown Selkup shaman family of Karlyguin from the Tym river. The contemporary world with the advancing globalization steadily destroys unique cultures of indigenous minorities. Therefore, materials of ethnographic expeditions from previous centuries are becoming increasingly important and valuable. Keywords: Kai Donner, the Selkups, the Karlygin’s family, photographs, records from parish registers | 2399 | |||||
| 134 | The paper discusses several verb suffixes used in the Northern Samoyedic languages. Some properties of the forms being discussed give rise to assume that their semantics is related to the aspectual meaning of the prospective that represents the grammaticalization of the relationship of a present state of affairs to some subsequent situation. Among these forms are both non-finites (participle suffixes), and the suffixes used in finite verb word-form. It has been shown that the typical features of the prospective meaning are most saliently manifested by the participles. The suffixes used in finite verb word-form are apparently the result of further grammaticalization of the prospective meaning. In different Northern Samoyedic languages they function either as evidentials or as the future tense markers. Keywords: prospective, Samoyedic languages, Nenets language, Enets language, Nganasan language, participle, evidentiality, future tense, grammaticalization | 2396 | |||||
| 135 | The article deals with the dynamics of functional development of modern Tuva language in compliance with diachronic-sociolinguistic approach. Given the attempt to characterize the history of Tuvan functional development in connection with Tuvan society history, the article describes the social changes that had a direct impact on the functional status of the language. The author conditionally identifies several stages in Tuvan functional development and this division allows seeing language development from one stage to another. Particular attention is paid to pre-Soviet era: Tuvan-Mongolian language contacts, history of Tuvan national writing, language peculiarities during the existence of Tuvan People's Republic, political situation. This time is considered as positive and associated with formation of literary form of the language, expansion of its social functions. The functional state of the language in the Soviet period is characterized by the increasing role of the Russian language in everyday life of Tuvans, the gradual increase of Tuvan-Russian bilingualism, the reduction of some communicative spheres of Tuvan. At the same time, studies showed that during the Soviet period Tuvan remained the main means of communication of Tuvans. Socio-political changes in the early 1990's contributed to the settlement of the legal status of the Tuvan language, strengthening the national consciousness of Tuvans. On the base of historical reconstruction the general situation of the Tuvan language interaction with Mongolian and Russian is introduced. The analysis show that Mongolian and Russian had significant influence to the Tuvan functional development, namely these languages were its main contact influences. The survey also demonstrates that at the beginning, Mongolian and Russian were mainly used for management, interethnic contacts and maintained only official spheres. The author concludes that such functional distribution led to limited, asymmetrical use of the modern Tuva language in official spheres. In conclusion the stages of Tuvan functional development are represented. Keywords: language situation, functional distribution, social function, the Tuva language, Tuvans, Republic of Tuva | 2393 | |||||
| 136 | The paper discusses the issues of noun incorporation in the Ket language. The evidence is given that incorporated nouns are inserted into a separate slot following the agent slot and separated from the kernel verb stem by inflectional affixes. The constructions including the verbs with incorporated nouns denoting semantic patients are considered. The possibility of incorporating semantic locatives, instruments and materials is only outlined. The basic and derived incorporated syntactic structures are analyzed using the dynamic syntax principles presupposing the availability of derivative relationship between syntactic construction. Thus, special attention is paid to prototypical incorporation which predetermins the opposition of non-incorporated and incorporated constructions. The mechanism of the “secondary” transitivizing of the derived intransitive incorporated complexes is described. It is concluded that incorporation in Ket is not used extensively compared to some other incorporating languages. Keywords: Ket language, actant derivation, incorporation, patient noun incorporation, detransitivizing | 2383 | |||||
| 137 | The article is devoted to the creation of the Buryat dialectal corpus. This Corpus is mainly oriented on the study of the prosody of the Buryat dialects. Although the dialects are actively functioning, their current state is a matter of concern. However, in the 80-s of the last century, the program for studying dialects was reduced, and till nowadays there are no large-scale, systematic researches in the field. The creation of such resource is due to the getting worse sociolinguistic situation with the Buryat dialects, as well as the lack of modern researches of the Buryat prosody and in the Buryat dialectology in general. The paper describes the main stages of work on the Corpus, requirements for the collection of material, the principles of its segmentation and annotation. The material was recorded in areas of Buryat territory, speakers both men and women, who know their dialect since childhood and use it in everyday communication. The recording program consists of two blocks: prepared phrases for the study of intonation and spontaneous everyday speech. The intonation analysis is carried out using the PRAAT program. For segmentation and annotation the program ELAN is used. The work pays special attention to the principles of prosodic markup of Buryat. Available prosodic transcriptions were analyzed and basic principles of prosodic annotation were developed. In the Buryat dialectal corpus prosodic transcription will include: segmentation of the speech into phrases which differ in their illocutionary function, indication of the location of the intonation center and areas of prosodic emphasis, the description of the pitch contour. Special signs were developed. The work on the creation of the Dialect Corpus is at the beginning, so plans and future prospects are outlined. This resource will be useful not only for the study of the dialect intonation, but also for the Buryat dialectology in general. Keywords: Buryat dialects, spoken dialectal corpus, prosody, stress, intonation, prosodic annotation | 2382 | |||||
| 138 | The semantics of Selkup constructions with possessive formants, which are possessive suffixes and the suffix of the Genitive Case, combines possessive and non-possessive relationships. The semantic types of possessiveness, denoted by L. Stassen, namely, alienable, inalienable, abstract and temporary physical possession, are characteristic of most predicative and nominal constructions, although this study revealed limitations of their semantic realization: (i) predicative transitive constructions with the verb to hold are used only to express alienable or temporary physical possession; (ii) the semantics of temporary physical possession occurs only in predicative constructions; (iii) inalienable possession is associated with the names of relatives, parts and functions of the body, and personal items; (iv) possessive suffixes are also used in non- possessive function to convey anaphora and deixis in a specific context; they are also used to express unique phenomena. Keywords: the selkup language, semantics of constructions with possessive formants | 2381 | |||||
| 139 | The paper reviews the perception of women of other cultures in the Russian literature of the XVI century. The author comes to the conclusion that the specifics of this perception can be attributed to the perceived serious deviations from the stereotypical model of female behavior adopted in Russia of the period. In cases of direct contact, such deviations were construed as negative characteristics, while in the literary descriptions of the way of life of other countries,these deviations were often received as neutral or with sympathetic interest. Keywords: Russian centralized state, Russian literature, “image of Other”, women’s history | 2380 | |||||
| 140 | This article aims to provide an overview of the proprietive suffix -TAJ in Khalkha Mongolian, and to reveal some aspects of the suffix. Firstly, we survey its characteristics and related expressions, with reference to descriptions provided in the literature. Secondly, it is claimed that the proprietive suffix, which has been classified as a derivational suffix, also shares some characteristics with inflectional suffixes. Thirdly, we explore the relationship between the proprietive and comitative suffixes, one topic that has long been under discussion in Mongolian studies because discrimination between (or the identification of) the two suffixes is not easy due to their identical phonological shape. Fourthly, some semantic characteristics of the derivatives formed by attaching -TAJ are pointed out, focusing in particular on the semantics of the base. Finally, a possible analysis of sentences is presented where derivatives using -TAJ such as xereg-tej “it is necessary that” and jos-toj “ought to” appear in the final position. Keywords: derivation, inflection, possession, comitative, lexical integrity, auxiliary | 2379 | |||||
| 141 | The paper presents the field notes of I. N. Guemuev made during his trip to the Northern Mansi community in 1986 and the comments of the author. The field data mostly describe the ceremonies of the Mansi life circle but also include the description of diet restrictions, worshipping the family’s guardian spirits, some sacred places. The ceremony held at womens’ sacred place Araschkan in the village of Novinskie is described in detail. Keywords: Mansi, ceremony, sacrifice, burial, matchmaking, spirits | 2377 | |||||
| 142 | Oroks are residents of Sakhalin who speak one of the Tungus-Manchu languages (southern group), close to Ulchi and Nanai. Since the end of the 16th century, they have inhabited Sakhalin, practicing transport reindeer husbandry, combined with hunting, fishing and hunting of sea animals. The purpose of this work is to analyze some facts that were out of the field of view of their predecessors. This is a special account of the age of deer, which brings them closer to the Eastern evens, a calendar structure that has analogies with the calendars of the Amur Evenks (the name of January), and with the calendars of the Orochi, Ulchi and Negidals (the names of the summer months). Mosaic Oroks (subethnoses), along with the peculiarities of the island's natural conditions and long-term isolation, provided the uniqueness of cosmogonic representations, Pantheon, basic rituals (summer bear festival, etc.). The existence of the name of the reindeer, in the form *(I, u,e)l(v/b) (э/e)l in Koryaks, Yukagirы, Chukchis, Aleuts, Chuvans, Northern Khants, tundra Nenets with unknown etymology (except for the Nenets tundra ilebts — a means to life). The name of the wild deer siro can be associated with the preparation for the rut (stripping the horns of sirki / sitchе) of adult male wild deer. The name of the domestic deer (ula / ylja) among the Oroks, previously raised to the concept of river (ul / uil), close to the Aleutian ulinakh, North Khanty uli and Il in the tundra dialect of Yukagir, could be borrowed by the Oroks directly, or through an intermediate contact group. Data from population genetics make them related to the ethnic groups of the Sayano-Altai (tuvians-todzhins, tofalars, etc.) who still practice hunting, gathering, and nomadic transport reindeer husbandry. The approximately close (and low) frequency level of Tungusian haplogroup C in Oroks, Ulchi, Udege, and Negidals (frequency within 11.5–17.4%) seems to indicate a small participation of Evenki in the formation of mt DNA of Oroks (female gene pool). Keywords: Oroks, ethnogenesis, Sakhalin, reindeer, Sayano-Altai, Chuvans, evens, “deer” account, haplogroups | 2377 | |||||
| 143 | The language of the Chulym Turks is local only to some territories of the Tomsk region and the Krasnoyarsk territory. Recent surveys indicate the number of fluent speakers to be under fifteen. Chulym Turkic still bears the status of a colloquial tongue. Several attempts have been made to create a writing system of the language (though the language itself presently consists of two sub-dialects, each with unique phonemic fluctuation). This paper addresses problems occurring at creating methodic materials in Chulym Turkic and, above all, connected with the phonemic variations in the Chulym Turkic language that lead to difficulties in compiling a dictionary of the consultants’ mother tongue (Chulym Turkic). Such variations occur, on the one hand, due to the widespread tendency of phoneme reduction in an unstressed position and at the word end; on the other hand, they occur under the laws of the phoneme alternation range in the conditions of a language system not ultimately formed. Keywords: the Chulym Turkic language, phonemic invariant, writing system | 2373 | |||||
| 144 | 2371 | ||||||
| 145 | The shelomok culture was widespread on the territory of Tomsk Priobye in VI–IV cc. b.c.e. It was closely related to cultures of scythian-siberian world: Greater Black Sea area and its Asian part. All these manifested itself in similar forms of weapon items, horse munitions, as well as availability of items typical of other cultures of scythian world: pazyryk, tagarsk culture, sacs of Kazakhstan. Art of scythian-siberian world is characterized by relief and volume pieces of animals’ figures. This article reviews only bronze hollow figures of roe deers from Tomsk Priobye and China. Authors suppose this form in volume version came from East: China, indirectly through other territories. Such figures are present in materials of tagarsk culture in minimum quantity. Probably, the way from China passed through the territory of Khakass-Minusinsk basin, then, in a modified form they came to Tomsk Priobye. Keywords: archeology, bronze figures, early Iron Age, cultural ties, settlement, ritual | 2369 | |||||
| 146 | The article explores the little-known Basandaika expedition that constitutes one of the greatest endeavours in the development of archaeology in Tomsk, i.e. the opening and studying of the Basandaika settlement II. In focus is the discoverer of the site whose name is almost unknown in the context of archaeological research in the Basandaika area – Doctor of History, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences (Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic) Hilda Ivanovna Mosberg. In 1943–45, she acted as an Associate Professor at the Faculty of History of Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute and took part in the expedition to Basandaika in 1944. Based on the material collected at four different Tomsk archives, the article reconstructs some of the events from the Tomsk period of H.I. Mosberg’s life. Analyzed is the field material associated with her name as well as the fate of the archaeological collection from the settlement. Photographs previously unpublished accompany the article. In addition, the results produced in the early XXI century investigation in which Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pletnyova was actively involved complement the ones of the mid-XX century research into the settlement. Keywords: archaeology, excavations in the Basandaika area, the Basandaika settlement II, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute (University), Tomsk State University, K. E. Grinevich, H. I. Mosberg, G. V. Trukhin, L. M. Pletnyova, N. V. Toroshchina | 2360 | |||||
| 147 | In this article, I will present data collected during the fieldwork in Khodz (Koshekhablsky District, Republic of Adygea, Russia). The participants (nine native speakers of Kuban dialect of Kabardian) were asked to solve several speech production tasks: – tell a story based on the picture to other participant; – read a prosaic text; – read a verse. Articulation rate was calculated as the number of syllables per second. Several measurements were made: average articulation rate of the different speakers during all tasks and average speech rate de pending on the utterance length. Spontaneous material considered, the average rate equaled 4,33 syllables per second with 95% confident interval equaled ±0,18 and standard deviation equaled 1,19. In (Fonagy, Magdics, 1960; Stepanova, 2011) it is reported a strong negative correlation between speech rate and the utterance length. Our data provide a small correlation (0,1252841 ± 0,07679026) between speech rate and the utterance length. All audio data were annotated using ELAN (v. 4.9.4); measurements were made using Praat (v. 5.3.16); all statistical inferences and visualization were made in R (v. 3.3.2). Keywords: Circassian languages, Kabardian, speech rate, speech production, text reading | 2352 | |||||
| 148 | The article represents ethnographic fieldnotes. Heathen rites performed by members of the Mari expatriate community of Saint-Petersburg and the Leningrad region during a Mari feast are described in it. The latter is devoted first of all to the presiding deity of the Mari pantheon Kugu Yumo. Autumn prayings of the Mari people are confined to the end of the main agricultural work and are principally aimed at sharing the harvest and the animal yield with the presiding deity for ensuring good luck in the following year. The rites presented in the article correspond generally to the descriptions of the Mari heathen rites made earlier in the areas of compact settlement of the Mari people. The description and some elements of the interpretation of the entourage are provided in the article. For instance, the author of the article describes the so-termed “gate” («ворота») through which people are intended to come to the sacred hill, as well as the sacred fire, the altar, the general dress of the priest (called kart (карт) in the Mari language) and of his assistants. The ornaments on the towels hanging over the altar are described and interpreted. Besides, some rules working at such an event (concerning, for example, taking photographs or participating in the proper prayings) are mentioned in the article. There is a quite detailed description of the rite of sacrification, of preparing the ritual meal, of the personal and common prayings. Some illustrations consisting of photographs from the event are also provided by the author. Keywords: Finno-Ugric studies, Mari culture, religion, paganism, prayings | 2351 | |||||
| 149 | The results of comparative analysis of modern and Soviet history textbook are given in this article. This is timely now. Conceptual differences are revealed in the perception of the national history between the people and the scientific community of historians and also in the analysis of modern textbooks that interpret history in a negative version. Creating the conception of a single standard textbook of Russian history should remove the revealed problems. Attention of academic and educational communities is involved in discussion of this problem. The comparative analysis shows that modern textbooks, unlike Soviet textbooks, don't carry out patriotic educational function to the right degree. Thus, the conceptual differences are seen in issue of origin of statehood of Ancient Russia and the ethnonym “Rusy”, “Russian”. The version of “the Norman theory” is unambiguously and categorically asserted in modern textbooks. Other theories of origin of the Russian statehood are absent in them while the issue is still debatable in science. The Norman version infringes patriotic feelings, causes feeling of lameness. High patriotic educational potential of topics related to the wars, victories of Russian arms, liberation struggle of our people is poorly used in modern textbooks. The statement of material is given informatively, and lack of assessment forms indifferent perception of national history, weak feeling of participation of pupils in it. Figurativeness, emotional giving, fine literary language that are used in the Soviet textbook as the receptions of forming of quite concrete relation to events and their accurate assessment which causes pride of the history and the people, and, above all – feeling of participation in them. Patriotic education has to become a conceptual core of the new textbook of Russian istor Keywords: national history, textbook, Russia, Kievan Rus, patriotic education | 2351 | |||||
| 150 | The paper deals with the form behavior (i.e. morphological characteristics) of the word forms of quality, object and material, local and temporal, and process semantics that carry out the function of the actant’s attributes in closely related Udmurt and Komi languages. The analysis is based on the “word form grammar” approach suggested by A. P. Volodin. Qualitative semantics is primary for the specified functional grouping. In the Permic languages the word forms of this semantics are characterized on the formal level by the absence of agreement in number and in case with nouns they qualify. At the same time the paper analyzes some cases of agreement of attribute word forms in the Udmurt language. The following morphological feature of attributes is the category of the degrees of comparison which in the Permic languages is expressed by means of special suffixes. As for the so-called class markers of the actant’s attributes, it should be noted that in Permic there are no regular markers which would allow to distinguish the specified word forms from word forms of other classes on the morphological level. Udmurt attributive word forms of qualitative semantics often easily carry out both the function of the actant’s attributes and the function of the predicate’s attributes without changing their form. In the Komi languages the tendency to distinguish the actant’s attributes and the predicate’s attributes with the regular marking of the last is observed. Further the analysis of attributive word forms of “secondary” semantics (object and material, local and temporal and process) is carried out and it is observed that: (1) the Permic attributive word forms of object and material semantics do not accept any specific markers and act in the main form frequently forming composites; (2) the Udmurt attributive word forms of local and temporal semantics also act in the main form whereas in the Komi languages the specified word forms tend to be marked by specific markers; (3) the Permic participle forms as the actant’s attributes are distinctly marked by a regular marker. Finally, it is concluded that despite close relation of the Komi and Udmurt languages, the specified languages demonstrate distinctions in form behavior of attributive word forms. Keywords: Udmurt, Komi, attributes, morphological markers, Permic languages | 2345 | |||||
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