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| 301 | The article is written by a disciple of G. K. Werner. It describes the life record and the scholarly work of the teacher. It considers in detail the contents of monographs (21), the scholar’s papers, dictionaries composed by him. Also, the article characterizes his educational and methodological activity in the German and Ket languages. Firstly, the background information is given and then the research work of G. K. Werner is described. There are three periods differentiated on geographical basis: work in Tomsk, in Taganrog and in Bonn. Much attention is paid to the field work and the use of expedition materials for further research of the Yenisei languages. The article deals with the work of G. K. Werner as a thesis adviser, the peculiarities of his consultations. The article also mentions a large number of published and unpublished reviews and comments on the research papers and dissertations on the US, Polish, German and Russian linguists. Keywords: Yenisei languages, Kott language, Ket, Yugh language, Southern Siberia, Dingling, Xiongnu, tengrizm, sound system, accentology, protoculture, Indian languages, Na-Dene languages, ethnicity, ornamentation | 2116 | |||||
| 302 | The paper deals with negation markers mar in Chuvash in the context of negation markers in non-verbal predication in other Turkic variesties. The field data (elicited example and texts) were collected in Maloye Karachkino, Yadrinsky District, Chuvash Republic in 2017–2019, so the study concerns the Maloye Karachkino (or Poshkart) dialect. The paper describes in details the uses of negation marker mar and it claims that the negation marker mar has functions of astrictive negation conveying the meanings of identification and attribute of an object. It also negates some locative contexts. The other type of uses concerns with an intrusion of the negation marker mar into the negation of verbal predication. The negation marker mar occurs with some non-finite forms (the future participle on -as-, the infinitive ending on –ma- and the form on -malla). The paper aims to analyze the negation marker mar in Chuvash and additionally put it in the context of Volga and Siberia Turkic languages. There are related negation markers (eves in the Tuvinian language, emes in Tofa, nimes in Khakas and others) in Siberian Turkic languages and non-related ascriptive negation markers (tügel in Tatar and Bashkir, degil in Turkish). As evidenced by different corpora of Turkic languages in Sibiria and Volga, such negation markers have the same core semantic covering ascriptive negation. Their extensional meanings are, however, different, as well as their grammatical features. Thus, this short description may be first step to further research of microtypology of non-verbal negation. Keywords: Chuvash, Turkic languages, non-verbal negation markers, ascriptive negation | 2114 | |||||
| 303 | In this article, we are conducting a study on the origin of the Anlаut phoneme [š] in the Turkic languages using the example of one of the Kypchak languages, viz. the Bashkir language. In the Turkic languages, the problem of the existence of lexemes with the initial phoneme [š] is very relevant. The Altaicists do not reconstruct it to the pre-Turkic state. Presence of the grapheme š in the Turkic runic monuments is also controversial. However, our research shows that onomatopoeia with the initial [š] and their derivatives are widely spread in the Turkic languages, and they show analogies. This phenomenon can speak of the existence of a sizzling phoneme in the ancient Turkic state before the dissolution of the Turkic language community, at least in imitative words. In the Bashkir language in independent parts of speech, the initial phoneme [w] is a phonetic innovation of the transition of the Proto-Turkic *s > š. The [š] Anlaut in the Bashkir language can also be the result of the spirantization of the praTurk affricate *č-. Most of the lexemes are ancient borrowings even in the period of the existence of the Bashkir language in the ancient Turkic community (Mongolisms, ancient Indian borrowings), and later – at the stage of independent existence in the Ural-Volga region (Bulgarisms, Finno-Ugric borrowings, etc.). Keywords: Bashkir language, Turkic, assimilation, borrowings, Anlaut "š", spirantization | 2113 | |||||
| 304 | Komi and Komi-Permian belong to the Permian group of Finno-Ugric languages. There are many categories of conerbs in the Komi and Komi-Permian languages — more than twenty. Traditionally in the grammars and other sources the functional load of the converb in a sentence of the Komi and Komi-Permyak languages is defined as a secondary member of the sentence — circumstance, as well as a secondary predicate. The article examines one of the syntactic function of the Komi and Komi-Permian converbs — the predicate function. A complete list of constructions is provided, and their syntactic role is defined as a predicate. The material of already known predicative constructions with converbs and new varieties of predicate with converbs was combined and analyzed. As a result, lexical-grammatical categories of the Komi and Komi-Permian converbs, that can perform a predicative function are identified: converbs with -ömön, -mön, -tödz, -tög. Presented copular verbs of лоны ’to become’, кольны ’stay’, овны ’live, dwell’, modal verbs вермыны ’be able’, ковны ’need’, позьны ’allow’ in positive and negative forms, evaluation predicative абу лöсьыд ’badly’ and other units. A new, more accurate representation of the polyfunctionality of Permian adverbial participles and their syntactic potential is given. Structural schemes of the constructions are presented in the article. Keywords: the Komi language, the Komi-Permian language, converb, predicate, predicative constructions | 2112 | |||||
| 305 | The paper considers the problem of ethnic identity of Belarusians and the Ukrainians of Tomsk region in the context of ethnic revival. The paper describes the main directions of work of Ukrainian and Belarusian cultural centers in Tomsk, presenting an evaluation of how the national-cultural centers work is consideration of such indicators as population. The reasons of these organizations’ limited influence on the daily life of people are revealed. Separate groups within the ethnic societies under study are defined according to the degree of expressed ethnic self-consciousness, as well as the factors defining it. The ways of public activity outside the national organizations are also demonstrated. It has been found that the processes of self-organization of the Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk region occur in conditions of blurring of ethnic identity and have not lead to the growth of their population in the region. Keywords: ethnic identity, processes of ethnic revival, Belarusians, Ukrainians | 2111 | |||||
| 306 | This research was presented at the colloquium “The fate of linguistic heritage: transmitted to the younger generations or lost?” held at the RAS Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in May 2021. My presentation was a short overview of the language acquisition patterns within four indigenous communities in Latin America, speakers of the following indigenous languages: South Eastern Huastec (Mayan, Mexico), Tsotsil of San Isidro de la Libertad (Mayan, Mexico), Huilliche/Tsesungun (Mapudungan, Chile) and Mixe (Mixe-Zoquean, Mexico). I carried out extensive fieldwork and research with these communities (more details can be found in Kondic 2021, Kondic 2021 (forthcoming), Kondic 2015b, Kondic 2014a, Kondic 2014b, Kondic 2011b, Kondic 2010). At the moment my research concentrates on the sociolinguistic situation with the language Mixe (Mixe-Zoquean, Mexico), namely, on their language attitudes. During each of these four projects I produced learning materials to facilitate language teaching and revitalization (Kondic 2009b, Kodic 2016, Kondic 2015a, Kondic 2013b, Kondic 2015c, Kondic 2018b). The materials I produced and left in the communities are now being used for language teaching and maintenance. In this article I am going to present my insight into the patterns of native language learning within the above four communities. Many of Mexican indigenous languages are at present in decline and falling into disuse. Language endangerment often causes interruption in the process of language transmission, and it will be interesting to see what the situation is like within these different languages of Latin America that I had an opportunity to work with. Keywords: усвоение языка, автохтонные языки, угроза исчезновения языка, языки майя, мапудунган, михе-зокеан, Латинская Америка | 2106 | |||||
| 307 | The traditional toy of the northern Selkups, today almost forgotten by them, has not yet been studied by anyone. Meanwhile, it is a vivid fragment of the traditional Selkup culture. The research aimed to return this element of their culture to the Selkup people in the form of a scientific description. Based mainly on museum materials and partly from the author's field materials, five types of toys of the northern Selkups were identified and considered, including six types of dolls. Due to the lack of Selkup material, the method of scientific reconstruction was actively used in the study. Descriptions of the types and types of toys recorded by the Selkups were recreated based on the materials of toys of neighboring peoples. Along the way, it was established which traditions — West Siberian and East Siberian — influenced the formation of the appearance of a particular type / type of toy among the Selkups. The question of the connection between the North Selkup toy — a thing of utilitarian meaning — with the sacred, or, in other words, the question of its symbolic meanings, was considered. The author came to the conclusion that all types and types of Selkup toys in the past were sacred ritual objects, and that in the semiotic status of a toy, the ratio of “sign” and “thing” over time shifted towards the “thing”. The study was completed by the materials included in it on the current state of the traditional North Selkup toy. Keywords: Northern Selkups, Nenets, Khanty, Evenki, Keto, traditional culture, traditional toy, semiotic status of a thing | 2106 | |||||
| 308 | Since the late nineteenth century Kulunda steppe was one of the most “Ukrainian” regions of Siberia. According to the results of the Soviet census of 1926, in Northern Kulunda, within the boundaries of modern Karasuk district Novosibirsk region lived more than 30 thousand people. The most numerous community were Ukrainians. Places of their compact settlement were the villages: Beloe and Irbizino. Most people in these villages were originally from Poltava and Kharkov provinces. Ukrainians were also scattered widely in other multi-ethnic villages of the steppe area. Adapting to the conditions of Western Siberia, for a long time they have preserved the language and the standards of traditional culture, livelihood, family and calendar rites and festivals, arts and crafts. Ethno-social and ethno-cultural transformation began in the postwar period. This process intensified in the 1960s and 1970s. Actively cooperating with regional multiethnic community (Russians, Germans, Kazakhs, etc.), Ukrainians gradually switched to the Russian language; at the same time began to change their ethnic identity. In 1970–1980 the attributes of Ukrainian folk culture, removed from everyday life moved into the space of museums. Currently in Karasuk district Novosibirsk region is actively developing the Museum's construction and great efforts have been made for the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. Keywords: Ukrainians, Karasuk, Kulunda steppe, museum | 2105 | |||||
| 309 | The article deals with the problem of the linguistic origin of toponim Margutsek. The lexical basis of the investigation is appellatives of Mongol and Samoedic languages. The description, etymology and thesis of the linguistic origin of the proper name Margutsek are presented as the result of comparative analysis. The analysis based on comparative and typological methods gives the possibility to suppose about diachronic area linguistic unity on the territory of Transbaikalia. Keywords: toponyms, placename, appellative dictionary, etymology, comparative analysis, typology of unrelated languages, Samoyedic languages, Mongolian language | 2102 | |||||
| 310 | Abstract. For the first time, the article discusses the subject matter, features of the language of the songs of the Shenehen Buryats in the author's translation into Russian. The uniqueness of the Shenehen Buryats, who have been living in China for about 100 years, is that they have preserved their authentic culture: language, traditional Old Mongolian script, national costume, traditions, customs and folk songs. For a long time, the topic about Buryat emigration was banned. The article also highlights the reasons and history of the emigration of the Aga Buryats to the Shenehen locality of the China, based on the work of Bodongut Abida (1983), written in Old Mongolian script. The migration of the Buryat diaspora to Bargu was ethnically protective in nature and was associated with political events in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The presence of the genre of odic songs (magtaal) in the song tradition testifies to their developed system of written culture, the distinction between written and oral texts, and the stylistic differentiation of the language of the lyrics. It has been revealed that the vocabulary of the Magtaals is sustained in a high style with an orientation towards the norms of the Old Mongolian language. An analysis of the field materials testifies to the mastery of versification of nameless poets, strictly observing the initial alliteration in strophes, using various figures of speech, the entire arsenal of grammatical forms to convey shades of semantics of the lexical unit. This allows us to argue that the lyrics are created and transmitted not only verbally, but also in writing long before the 1917 revolution. Keywords: songs of Shenehen Buryats, emigration of the Buryats, hymn songs, written culture of the Buryats | 2101 | |||||
| 311 | The article outlines the basic perspective research in anthropology of labor law as an independent branch of anthropology of law. In the article the most significant issues of concern are developed. The authors propose the thesis of bio-anthropological evolutionary factors of modern labor law and labor relations. Apart from contributing to the basic knowledge, the anthropology of labor law serves practical functions. The studies of labor law in human evolution allow to deduce the long-term tendencies in the development of labor law, including the correlations between legal norms and human biology, cognition and basic interactions with the environment, developing social networks. It is justified thus to state that the labor law is determined by anthropological factors. The soft definition would state if not the determination, but at least the anthropological logic in the historical development and the modernity of legal regulation of social and labor relations. The understanding of such factors allows to solve the conflicts widespread in labor law, which are notoriously difficult within formal jurisprudence means. Keywords: anthropology of law, anthropology of labor law, human evolution, history of labor legislation | 2097 | |||||
| 312 | Like other Siberian Turkic languages, the Khakass language is characterized by an abundance of Mongolian borrowings due to the centuries-long contacts of its speakers. In the texts of the heroic stories, most of these words have been preserved, even those that are no longer actively used. Based on the semantic, morphological, phonetic, and etymological criteria for selecting the Mongolian loan vocabulary described in the works of famous linguists – typologists E. V. Sevortyan, V. I. Rassadin, B. I. Tatarintsev, A. V. Dybo, and others – we have managed to identify Mongols in the text of the Khakass heroic legend “Албынчы”. However, the question of the Mongolian origin of some of them is still open. This article analyzes the nine most frequent lexemes in the language of the heroic sagas from the functional-semantic, etymological, and comparative points of view, of which four lexemes are used in the modern Khakass language in a somewhat modified semantic version. Translation examples of Mongolian borrowings from the heroic legend “Албынчы” served as material for the article, for the analysis of which data from lexicographic sources were used. It turned out that all the Mongolian borrowings we considered exist not only in the Khakass language but also in other Siberian Turkic languages and the Kyrgyz language. However, if some of these words are preserved only in the Khakass texts of the heroic legends and in the Khakas-Russian dictionary [2006], then their equivalents are used in the active vocabulary of other languages, for example, арға “1) strength, dexterity; 2) method, means, reception”. It has also been noted that polysemantic Mongolian words have generally passed into the Khakass language (and other Siberian Turkic languages, as well as the Kyrgyz language) only in their primary meanings; some of them have developed figurative meanings in the modern Khakass language, e.g., хуйах “protection; intuition” In the semantic-functional scheme, sentences with Mongols are not characterized by a particular variety of syntactic links, as active clichéd expressions are built into them. Also, the semantics and phonetic appearance of the considered mongolisms in the Khakass language do not show significant changes. Keywords: Khakass language, heroic legend “Албынчы”, Mongolian borrowings, lexeme, etymology, semantics, functioning | 2097 | |||||
| 313 | Despite of popularization of visual anthropology among other social and humanities scientific disciplines, it’s theoretical and methodological questions are still studied quite poorly. In this article the specifics of visual anthropology as a scientific discipline since the beginning of XXI century are reviewed. Special attention is paid to critique of anthropological cinema, as a main product of visual anthropological research. The traditional approach to understanding of visual anthropology cinema perception has been analyzed. Different approaches to problem of anthropological film authenticity has been reviewed. The traditional critique of anthropological cinema has been analyzed from different positions such as physiology and psychology of visual perception, visual cognition, culture and psychology of video material visual perception, scientific and philosophical conception of postmodernity. In the ending the article is summed up and relevant conclusions are made. Keywords: visual anthropology, anthropological cinema, ethnology, postmodernity, ophthalmology | 2093 | |||||
| 314 | The “external soul” (person dies when some object or creature is destroyed) and the “Achilles heel” (The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s body and not in his inner organs) are folklore motifs used to explain why a particular person cannot be killed or how he can be killed. As other 2700 motifs which global distribution is demonstrated in our database, the “external soul” and the “Achilles heel” are a product not of the universal “primitive mind” but of particular historical processes and circumstances and we try to reveal the age and region of their initial spread. In Central and South Africa, Australia and Melanesia both motifs are rare or totally absent. This makes improbable their origin in the Out-of-Africa time. The “Achilles heel” is often found in North and South America but its Eurasian area is sporadic. On the contrary, the “external soul” is very popular across most of Eurasia but in the New World it, is found only in North but not in South America. It looks plausible that in the Old World the motif of “Achilles heel” was mostly ousted by the “external soul” being preserved in the New World thanks to its isolation from Eurasia. The lack or rarity of these motifs in the Northeast Asia and in Alaska and American Arctic excludes, possibility of their late diffusion across Bering Strait. Because both motifs were brought to America by the early migrants, their age in Eurasia must exceed 15,000 years, the “Achilles heel” being probably older. At the time of the peopling of America, both motifs had to be well known to the oral traditions of the Northeast Asia. Their rarity or absence there in historic time is in conformity with significant differences between genetic samples of Early and Late Holocene populations of Siberia. The complicated version of the “external soul” according to which a life essence is hidden in a series of objects and beings, one inside the other, is absent in America. Such a variant probably spread across the Old World after the end of antiquity being used in fairytales. Keywords: peopling of America, early migrations, comparative folklore studies, the “external soul”, the “Achilles heel” | 2089 | |||||
| 315 | Man has been in contact with nature since ancient time. It is well known that the relations between man and nature are irreciprocal: nature perfectly exists without man, but man cannot survive without nature. What’s more, at each evolutionary stage man employs more and more natural resources in his everyday life. At present even the air we breathe is not an exception: it is used for the production of liquid oxygen and hydrogen. So, it is not accidental that such new (and much younger than man and nature) discipline as ecology developed. It is not accidental either that in the foreign research tradition ecology also includes biology, archeology, ethnography and this discip line does not belong exclusively to humanities or natural science. V. N. Adaev takes into consideration the well-known theory of V. I. Vernadsky about noosphere and various points of view on this theory. The book of V. N. Adaev greatly contributes to our expertise in ecology and the Siberian studies in general. Keywords: book by V. N. Adaev, humans – nature, ecology, Siberian studies | 2087 | |||||
| 316 | 2087 | ||||||
| 317 | The paper explores the experience of compilation of the bibliographic index on history and ethnography of Slavic diasporas of the Tomsk region (Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Poles). The description deals with the objects of bibliographic reflection, chronological framework, content and structure of the edition, principles of bibliographic description, characteristics of metadata. Based on the thematic stratification, the index reviews relevant publications, making conclusions on the degree and extent of the analysis of individual issues, providing the names of the scholars. Individual publications search capability and format are presented as well as the process of reference data gathering. The paper concludes with a review of the applied value of the index and identifies further research directions. Keywords: bibliographic diaspora, Belorussian, Ukrainians, Poles, Tomsk region | 2085 | |||||
| 318 | The article is devoted to the study of the formation, development, and description of the semantic features of the color term aq ‘white’ in the Bashkir language, which, due to its archaic nature, has a number of nominative and denotative meanings. When studying the origin and evolution of the word, we turned to works on the history of language and etymology. Dictionaries of the Bashkir language and the corpus of Bashkir prose and folklore served as sources of examples for identifying the meanings of a word. A comparative historical study of the meanings of words on a common Türkic background was carried out based on data extracted from the Turkic languages dictionaries. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the lexeme both in the comparative historical aspect and in terms of synchrony with the identification of general trends and specific features in the development and semantics of the word. The study revealed that the color designation aq is a reflex of the Pre-Turkic form *āk ‘light’, which, in turn, goes back to the Pre-Altai *iāk’V ‘light, white’. The lexeme aq appears already in the earliest written sources - ancient Turkic monuments. In them, aq is mainly used with respect to the suit of a horse, and for the color designation “white” there is the word ürüŋ. It is believed that aq was a word characteristic of the western branch of the Turkic languages and, over time, it became widespread in all Turkic languages after the Chuvash and Yakut branches were separated from them. Most of the meanings of the word aq, identified in the Bashkir language, have a common Türkic character: color and color shades (white, light, gray, gray), secondary meanings (pure, holy, sinless, holy, kind, happy, joyful, noble); substantives (milk, protein, thorn). It assumes the significance of an areal character: old, wise (among the Turks of the Caucasus and Central Asia). In the Bashkir language, there is a white color different from the general Türkic language – ‘southern’, while in ancient times among the Türks it was the west, the western side connotation in white. Keywords: color term for white, Bashkir language, Tirkic languages, semantics, comparative historical study | 2082 | |||||
| 319 | The present article focuses on the description and analysis of means used to express possessive relations in Ket belonging to different levels of language structure (prosodic, morhosyntactic and lexical). The article surveys both adnominal and predicative possessive constructions in the language distinguishing between prototypical possessive strategies (possessive clitics in adnominal constructions, nonverbal possessive predicates in locational constructions) and peripheral means of coding possession (complex words and specific verbs of possession). Adnominal possessive constructions in Ket can be divided into constructions with an explicit possessor (it can either be a noun or a pronoun) and constructions with an implicit one. If a possessor is nonreferential, it is possible to use compounding which yields a complex word as a result. Predicative possessive constructions in the language distinguish between nonverbal locational constructions and constructions with specific verbs of possession. In the first case, a possessor is marked with the Adessive case marker, while the nonverbal possessive predicate (possessum) requires the presence of a copula. The nonpast tense copula is often omitted. In the second case, a possessum gets incorporated into a finite possessive verb. There is a clear dominating preference for using locational constructions to express possessive relations over the verbal ones in the language, which is the reason why there are no constructions of the latter type found in our text corpus. In addition, the analysis shows that various discourse-related factors may play an important role in choosing a particular possessive strategy in Ket. For instance, the use of a particular adnominal possessive construction seems to be connected with the possessor’s degree of activation in the preceding discourse: the more it is activated, the greater the probability of using an implicit possessor construction. Keywords: possession, possessive predicates, referentiality, information structure, Ket, endangered Siberian languages | 2080 | |||||
| 320 | The paper deals with the system of future reference forms in both Enets dialects: Future and Debitive attested both in Forest Enets and Tundra Enets, Hypothetical attested only in Forest Enest and Analytical Debitive attested only in Tundra Enets. The paper provides brief information on morphological structure of these forms, numerical data on their frequency in texts and a comparison of the contexts where these forms are used. Debitive expresses modal meanings of deontic and epistemic obligation and epistemic possibility. Forest Enets Hypothetical is used for weak intentional future and for weak epistemic possibility. Tundra Enets Analytical Debitive is limited by contexts of weak epistemic possibility. The most frequent Future form is used for sure predictive future and sure intentional future, but also is attested in modal contexts mentioned above. This can be summarized as a privative opposition between the Future form that has an unrestricted general future meaning and modal forms that are used for more particular modal meanings. This feature of the Enets verbal system contrasts it with a known cross-linguistic distinction of future certainty vs. future possibility and therefore Enets data are of interest for linguistic typology. Keywords: Enets, Samoyedic, future, modality, verbal forms competition | 2080 | |||||
| 321 | Unique in dimension, composition and preservation the burial ground Firsovo-XIV (Altai Krai) was studied twice by continuous excavations (1987–1996, 2010–2011). Were carry out the study referred to as symmetriometria of ornamental complexes of the bronze age from the ceramic vessels of each of these excavation periods. Despite the considerable difference between the two arrays of ornamental texts (555 borders against 216), the similarity of the forms of the symmetrogramms was close to maximum. Results of the research, on the one hand, confirmed the rule of the minimum selection, whose excess doesn't influence the statistics, but, on the other hand, the study left unresolved the problem of inexplicable stability of combinatorial order of types of symmetry in ornamental complexes of archaeological cultures. Besides, symmetric "copiright" Firsova-XIV is very unusual for a “Fyodorovsky culture” to which this complex formally belongs. Keywords: the Bronze Age, Fyodorovsky culture, ornamental complex, symmetriometria, «copiright » of culture | 2076 | |||||
| 322 | The article describes the ritual contests and games conducted at present in the wedding rituals of Chinese Tuvinians. These competitions, as before, are mandatory components of the wedding ritual and are held in two places: at the wedding feast of the bride's parents – the wrestle for the sheep's head, the competition in ignition the fire; as well as at the groom's parents – the scattering of flour, the wrestle for the sheep's skin, the competition in ignition the fire in the home of the newlyweds. It is revealed that these challenges are strongly pronounced the ritual-magic function, which should help to strengthen the marriage union, the welfare of the newlyweds, receiving the grace of cattle, and also establishing contact with the deities of the Upper world. At the same time, it is established that for the bearers of tradition, the semantics of the sacredness of the competition is no recognized. The work also presents a description of non-ritual games: hiding beads, beating by leather strap, which are arranged after the ritual part of the wedding. It is noted that, if to date, the wedding ritual competitions have not changed and are performed in full, in recent years during the wedding, the bearers of the tradition are less likely to play non-ritual games. In the comparative aspect, similar ritual competitions and games are considered, which in the past existed among the indigenous Siberian peoples: Russian Tuvinians, Altaians and Buryats. In the data on the Turkic and Mongolian peoples of Siberia nowadays only fragments of these traditions are found, in Chinese Tuvinians they are preserved in full, which indicates the preservation of many elements of traditional culture, and its authenticity of the existence of wedding ritual culture. Keywords: Tuvinians of China, wedding ceremony of Chinese Tuvinians, ritual competitions, nonritual games, identical wedding competitions at Buryats and Altaians, semantics and pragmatics of competitions | 2073 | |||||
| 323 | This paper investigates linguistic and cultural aspects of metamorphosis of folklore characters of three peoples of Ob-Yenisei area: Ket, Selkup, and Khanty. This work focuses on variants of a single myth about the moon's origin shared by these three cultures. This myth revealed several metamorphoses, for example: man → man’s half without a heart → moon; man → swan → man’s half without a heart → moon, and the others. The structure of metamorphosis situations might include the following components: 1) who/what is transforming; 2) in whom/what subject is transforming; 3) initiator of transformation (if available); 4) what actions are accompanying and/or initiating the transformation. Thus the metamorphosis situation can be observed as a not elementary language unit, that is built by mutual penetration of composed components. Keywords: folklore, Ob-Yenisei area, metamorphosis, lexical and grammatical means of realization | 2069 | |||||
| 324 | In Khakass language verbal analytical form -ip tur – denotes regular iterative piecemeal actions. The lexical components in these analytical forms are multiple unbounded verbs of action, activity and temporal state. In the zero form –ip tur is usually used in speech and denotes regular repetition of actions in the window of the actual observed present time. In metaphorical use, when past events are described as in now-situation, form –ip- tur performs the function of the so-called present historical. Attaching to different forms of the verb (time, mood, participle, adverbial participle, infinitive), in the narrative with the participation of the form -ip tur – is used in utterances behalf of the author and expresses the value of regular iteravity. In the imperative form ip tur means the advise to postpone the action until a certain period. There are two forms and two situations of negation with the verb tur (-bin tur and -ip turbas-) with the value of private and public denial of iterative design. Keywords: Khakass language, verbs of position, verbal analytical forms, aspectuality, iteravity, grammaticalization of the verb to stand | 2067 | |||||
| 325 | The article shows that the kuresh wrestling exists in two main variants among Bashkirs, both in the past and in the present. The first is a wrestling on belts, the usual drinking bouts and other public celebrations, held in the summer. The second option is the fight of riders in the winter months, where the task is to pull the enemy from the saddle to the ground under the general approval of the audience. The purpose of the article is to analyze the materials showing the participation of women in these types of wrestling. The study showed that in the traditional Bashkir society, women often engaged in hunting, herd cattle breeding, and participated in military affairs. In conditions when the well-being of society ensured by good physical fitness and mobility of all its members, customs were developed for children of both sexes to participate in various sports, including belt wrestling and pulling the rider from the saddle. According to historical legends and fairy tales, girls were often not inferior to men in these sports. The article provides examples of martial arts during wedding rituals between women-representatives of the bride and groom's families. The wrestling matches between the bride and groom or between the grooms are described as a condition for entering into a marriage union. It shown, that in the Bashkir village of Araslanov in the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region, a fight between women is still practiced during Kargatuy. The reason for the preservation of the custom is the natural and geographical isolation of the Bashkir Trans-Ural villages, remoteness from the centers of urbanization, which weakened the influence of Islam and state ideology. Women's wrestling kuresh in the specified village carried out according to the old rules, that is, without division into weight and age groups, directly on the grass near the audience, in everyday or national clothes. Keywords: belt wrestling, kuresh, Bashkir women, nomadic peoples, folklore sources, field materials | 2066 | |||||
| 326 | The Second All-Russian Scientific Conference "Preservation and Development of Siberian Indigenous Languages and Cultures" (May 24–25, 2018) was organized by the Katanov Khakass State University with participation of more than 200 scientists, teachers, representatives of government bodies and NGOs from 10 regions of Russia and 2 other countries. The purpose of the conference was to find solutions to the urgent problems of preserving and developing minority languages and cultures associated with the basic needs of the peoples of Siberia in positive ethnic and civil identification, correlating with the preservation of native languages and the possession of the Russian language in the context of strategic directions of the state national policy of the Russian Federation. The conference helped to attract attention to the problematic issues that exist in the sphere of preservation and support of linguistic diversity in the subjects of the Siberian region of the Russian Federation, allowed to identify trends, innovations and ways of solving urgent problems of language ecology, as well as formulate recommendations for improving regional and municipal language policy, strengthen the need for active territorial bilingualism. Keywords: conference, minority languages, indigenous peoples of Siberia, language policy | 2065 | |||||
| 327 | This article contains information about the first experience in the development of an electronic database of Tuvan lexemes within the framework of the project "Creation of a database of the Tuvan lexical Fund" (RGNF / RFBR No. 16-04-1220, 2016-2017). The created databases contain the main body of full lexemes (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, pronouns), distributed by semantic classes, subclasses, groups, subgroups, and microgroups. Systematized database of lexicon will be used for further work on semantic markup of electronic texts corpus of the Tuvan language, compiling various types of dictionaries for Tuvan language. Databases will be used to compile different types of dictionaries. Creation of electronic databases is performed using the Access2010 database management system. Texts in the Tuvan language will be processed using the C ++ object-oriented programming system. These systems support Unicode encoding, in which all texts in Tuvan are digitized. Computer programs will be created both for computers with the Windows operating system, and for mobile devices with the Android operating system. Currently, the search is performed in the program Ехсе1. Information on the creation of databases for the project is available on the Internet on the page of the Electronic Corpus of Tuvan Language Texts http://tuvancorpus.ru/?q=content/bazy-dannyh. Keywords: Tuvan language, database, lexicon, lexical-semantic categories, lexical-semantic classes, lexical-semantic subclasses, lexical compatibility | 2063 | |||||
| 328 | After analyzing S. Thompson’s views on the study of folklore (Siberian and Central Asian data and historical problematic ignored) and presenting results of statistical processing of data on distribution of folklore motifs in Eurasia, the author describes a previously unnoticed tale widespread across Siberia from Lower Amur to Western Siberia with weak parallels among European Finno-Ugric peoples. The protagonist is a travelling girl who competes successfully with her rival, often a frog-woman. In the beginning the heroine parts with her brother(s) or sister who later appear again to help her. This motif is absent in the New World and could spread across Siberia only in the Holocene. Most of the other motifs found in correspondent tales have extensive parallels in North and some of them even in South America. Many of such episodes are absent, however, across the Northeastern Asia and Northwestern North America and had to be brought to the New World at a rather early stage of its peopling. This set of motifs is absent among the Turkic and Mongolian people. Keywords: Siberian folklore, Finno-Ugric folklore, big data on folklore, Stith Thompson’s views on folklore, peopling of America | 2061 | |||||
| 329 | The paper addresses the issues of contactinduced structural change in the native Siberian Eastern Khanty dialects. Contemporary data from Eastern Khanty spoken discourse demonstrate increasing frequency of examples of grammatical convergence, in which the original grammar of Eastern Khanty replicates the grammar of the socially dominant Russian. These examples fall under various structural types, including: phonological disharmonies, auxiliary verb construction strategies, wordorder alternations, complex predicate splits, analytical imperatives, analytical conditionals, relativized and finite RC strategies. It is argued that all manifest structural innovations are induced by contact with Russian in the fully bilingual environment. Keywords: языковые контакты, переключение кодов, заимствования, грамматическая конвергенция, контактные инновации, восточные ханты, Сибирь | 2058 | |||||
| 330 | The article is devoted to the identification and semantic-cognitive description of basic lexemes in the Turkic languages of Siberia, included in the conceptual space of happiness. The selected framework for considering the object of research, referred to as a conceptual space, we understand as a set (or conceptual content) of a set of interrelated linguistic and cultural entities, which represent a certain integrity in the conceptual sphere of the language and, in particular, in the consciousness of the linguistic personality. The material for the article was the data of bilingual dictionaries of the studied languages, as conceptual components of the conceptual space of happiness. It was revealed that most of the lexemes we have considered, representing the concept of happiness, are of Mongolian origin: yak: дьол / tof .: чол / soyot .: ҷол; tuv .: кежик, аас-кежик / alt .: кäжик / shor .: кешик; hak .: чырғал / tof .: чыргал / kirg .: жыргал / alt .: jыргал etc. Significant aspects of happiness are success / luck / luck, also expressed in Mongolian borrowings: alt .: мöр / hak .: мöрій; well-being, pleasure: тuv. чыргал / hak .: чырғал. Shor, Tofalar and Altai equivalents of this lexeme show a semantic change towards the concepts of “abundance of food”, “fun”, “feast”, “treat”. Interlanguage equivalents of vocabulary are analyzed from the point of view of the etymological transformation of semantics and their universal and distinctive fragments are revealed. Often the absence of happiness or good luck (тuv.: аас-кежик чок “unhappy”; hack: талаан чох / часка чох “unhappy”; alt .: ырыс jок “unhappy”) is very close to the concept of fate (fate, share). The conceptual space of happiness in the Siberian Turkic languages, as well as in other languages of different structures, is a complex and multi-layered formation that has no clear boundaries. Keywords: siberian turkic languages, mongolian borrowing, dictionary definition, happiness, conceptual space, lexeme | 2058 | |||||
| 331 | The article is devoted to the publication of materials of the Bystryanskaya archaeological culture from a multi-layer settlement Novozykovo 3, located in the foothill area of the Altai Krai, 408 sq. m. of which have been studied. The material related to the Maiminskaya archaeological culture have been singled out typologically and planigraphically. They are the dwelling, household building, ceramic and object complexes. The most representative is the ceramic complex presented both, by fragments of ceramics and reconstructed vessels. Its detailed description has been given including characteristics of morphological features (forms of body, bottom and mouth), ornamental elements, ornamental motifs and ornamental compositions. The ceramics complex is divided into three groups. The first is represented by the Maiminskaya ceramics (flat-bottomed bowls and pots with a spherical body, ornamented with pits, smooth stamps and irregular-shaped pins with simple ornamental compositions), the second reflects very close interaction with representatives of Odintsovo culture (well-profiled round-bottomed pots with a spherical body, decorated with pits, smooth and comb stamps with complex ornamental compositions), the third – with nail ornament (pot-shaped vessel with a well-defined neck, a spherical body, a thick flat bottom, slightly curved inwards, ornamented with three varieties of finger ornament, which accompanies almost all the complexes of Maiminskaya ceramics. Novozykovskii stage in the development of the Mayminskaya culture has been identified. The chronological frame has been defined both by the object inventory and the characteristics of the ceramic complex as the VI – VIII centuries A.D. The authors have presented their point of view on the chronology of the Mayminskaya archaeological culture (the I century B.C. – the VIII century A.D.). The material is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Keywords: Settlement, ceramics, culture, foothills, Early Middle Ages | 2055 | |||||
| 332 | The article deals with the issue of documentary reconstruction of the Khakass ethnographer Stepan Dmitrievich Mainagashev’s (1886–1920) genealogy. Until now, there have been gaps in biography of the Khakass scientist S. D. Mainagashev, including an unspecified date of his birth. Despite the presence of genealogical legends about the origin of the Mainagashevs, there was no scientific verification of this genealogical information on the material of church metric books, lists of names and census lists (population censuses). The object of the study is S. D. Mainagashev’s biological genealogy, and the subject is the archival and documentary reconstruction of its patrilineal part. The source base consisted of the funds from such archives as: State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Region, National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia, Minusinsk Archive. For the first time, unique archival documents on the genealogy of the Mainagashevs are introduced into scientific circulation: from the Askiz Peter and Paul Church — a metric record of the birth/baptism of S. D. Mainagashev in 1886, a metric record of the marriage/wedding of his parents D. A. Mainagashev and V. N. Kyzylasova in 1877, a metric record of the death/burial of the grandfather, ethnographer A. P. Mainagashev in 1866, from the Tashtyp Nativity Church — a metric record of the birth/baptism of D. A. Mainagashev’s father in 1851; data from the last three censuses of the Kazanov family of the Sagai Steppe Duma in 1832, 1850, and 1858; data on the baptism facts of representatives of the family as of 1854. Within the genealogical research, we carried out an examination of the Mainagashevs’ family genealogy, compiled in the 1970s and 1980s by the topographer M. G. Moinagashev on the basis of oral traditions and archival sources. The critical analysis of this genealogical scheme shows that its informational potential needs careful scientific verification with the involvement of church metric records and civil status acts. The further study of the Mainagashevs' genealogy will be devoted to the analysis of genealogical legends, as well as genetic and genealogical testing of modern male descendants. Keywords: genealogy, Mainagashevs, Ondurovs, revision tale, metric book, National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia, State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, archive of the city of Minusinsk, Oreshkova | 2054 | |||||
| 333 | The article considers some forms of language interaction in terms of language contacts expansion in modern Russia. In the example of the Volgograd oblast it shows the changes of ethnic and linguocultural space of a separate region, manifested in the transformation of historically established ethnic proportions of the population; in the formation of a new ethnic balance; in increasing of variability of language contact and bilingualism types of closely and not closely related languages. The article sets a general trend towards oral communication hybridization in the multilingual environment. It also concludes that this trend is manifested in the activation of hybrid lexemes formed according to the Russian derivational and inflectional models and operating mainly in the field of household communication. There is also a trend towards the use of hybrid lexemes in the mass media. The authors identify extralinguistic and linguistic factors that significantly affect the appearance of new lexemes in the process of language contacts. Keywords: language situation, migration, language contacts, borrowings, hybrid lexemes | 2051 | |||||
| 334 | As shown in a number of recent publications (see, in particular, (Aikhenvald, 2011ab), (Nikitina, 2012), (Evans, 2013)), the binary opposition of direct vs. indirect speech is not applicable to many languages of the world. In particular, in the reported speech constructions of many languages, part of deictic elements is chosen from the perspective of the current interlocutors, whereas other elements are oriented towards the reported interlocutors. This paper discusses personal deixis in the reported speech constructions of Tanti – a dialect of Dargwa (East Caucasian). A remarkable part of these constructions shows “mixed” properties: the verb form is chosen as if it were direct speech, while the pronouns reflect the current communicative situation. As a result, we observe constructions where the verb “disagrees” with the NP that is expected to control agreement (lit. ‘Johni said hei am ill’). I tried to show that in the reported speech, all elements of personal deixis within the verb (person, direct/inverse, etc.) are synchronically chosen from one of the two possible points of view (current interlocutors vs. reported interlocutors). At far as pronouns are concerned, the speaker is free to choose his point of view and not take into account neither the form of the verb nor the person of other pronouns. This violates the well-known ‘Switch Together constraint’ (Anand and Nevins, 2004: 24). In this paper, I explained these phenomena by the “referential” nature of agreement in Dargwa: when choosing an agreement marker, the speaker of Dargwa normally focuses on the properties of the referent of the controlling NP (not on the formal properties of the head noun). At the same time, since “disagreement” and other properties of reported speech are common for several Nakh-Dagestanian languages, we need to look for a more general and more theoretically oriented approach. Keywords: Dargwa, Dargi, Nakh-Dagestanian languages, East Caucasian languages, reported speech, direct speech, indirect speech, personal agreement, gender agreement, semantic agreement | 2047 | |||||
| 335 | The article analyzes the structure and meanings of the forms of the Ket reflexive pronoun “self” in typological comparison with similar pronouns in the languages of different systems from synchronic and diachronic point of view. The typological connection of the definitive and reflexive meanings of the pronoun “self” is emphasized in the structural-semantic analysis of word forms expressing them. Then a description of the word form “bin’ ”in the Ket language is given. The declension tables of the considered pronoun are compared with the declension of personal Ket pronouns and nouns. The meanings of the case forms of the pronoun “bin’”, supported by examples of the use of these forms in speech, are described. Forms of the genitive case express a possessive relationship with the meaning of "one’s own". From typological point of view first of all, the data of the Yenisei Kott language are analyzed. Next, material from the languages of Burushaski, Altai, Sanskrit, Dagestan, Finno-Ugric and others is attracted. It is noted that there are few typological examples of the pronoun-deictic origin of the pronoun “self”, however they are available in languages of different genetic groups. Diachronic-typological analysis of the data provided allowed the author to conclude that the Ket pronoun “bin’” is the oldest example of word formation in the language as a whole, it witnesses such a period in the development of the language, when each structure element had its own meaning. Keywords: pronoun bin', Ket language, deictic particles, predicative forms, reflexive pronoun, Burushaski language, Indo-European languages, Finno-Ugric languages | 2047 | |||||
| 336 | The purpose of the paper is to characterize the Khakass myth about "The exterminating Arins by snakes". The following objectives for the study were set: to systematize and analyze various variants of this folk story and to introduce into scientific circulation new archival materials on the designated topic; and to identify the historical context of the narrative in question. The chronological scope of the work covers the late 18th through the middle of the 20th centuries. The choice of such time frame is conditioned, first of all, by the state of the source database on the topic. The study is based on an integrated, system-historical approach to the study of the past. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods - scientific description, concrete historical analysis, structural-semantic and relict. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) the myth about “the extermination of Arins by snakes" is a unique product of the oral folk art of the Khakass. With its unusual plot, it aroused deep scientific interest among researchers, beginning in the 18th century and continuing into the 20th century. As a result, its variants were recorded and published. 2) the myth distinguishes two main alternating themes. First, there is a complex of views associated with snakes. In the religiousmythological consciousness of Khakass the image of this reptilian was endowed with sacred features, although in general the attitude towards it was ambiguous. This representative of the reptiles belonged to the category of animal totems, revealing a mystical relationship with certain Khakas genera, in particular the Kachin tribe Yzyr. Secondly, the designated myth brightly illustrates the process of ethnocultural interaction of the designated ethnic communities. In this respect, under the symbolic extermination of Arins by snakes, in our opinion, it is necessary to understand the real historical processes of turkization and assimilation of Ket-speaking groups by Khakas. Thus, the myth in question has the character of a genealogical narrative. In it, in a deeply symbolic form, the historical events that took place in the life of the designated ethnic group were reflected. By concluding marital unions and migration processes, the Arins joined the Khakas people, and became one of the Khakass clans, settled on Khakass territory. Keywords: history and culture of Khakas, ethnic processes, folklore, myth, symbol, snake, Arins | 2046 | |||||
| 337 | The article attempts to describe the history of an archaic look of an old Yakut fur coat in terms of its functional purpose and syncretic social stratification. The bird wings depicted on the back of the fur coat are of particular importance that also serves as a justification for naming this type of outerwear as “hotodooh son” (a fur coat with an eagle). The retrospective is based on data from early and late sources and allows us to express an assumption about the appearance of such a fur coat approximately at the end of the 17th century – the beginning of the 18thcentury. There is a hypothesis about its southern origin, so that we indicate the factors that determined the tendency of its gradual modification in northern conditions. Realization of the task requires the use of an integrated approach involving data from ethnography, art history, cultural studies, technology, and design of clothing, linguistics, for which the authors summarized the available resources studying traditional Yakut clothing, which also includes this coat. After analyzing a number of works on this topic, a preliminary conclusion can be made: the authors of publications believe that the symbolic marking of an ornithomorphic image on a fur coat is a sign of the totem as the ancestor of the social group of kangalans. However, there are some articles that do not set the task of interpreting the hidden meaning depicted on the back of a fur coat - they consider it, first of all, from utilitarian functional purpose. The attention of the authors of this article is focused on an attempt to read the information incorporated both in the name of the fur coat and the symbol in the wings. According to the authors, the story of “hotodooh son” is fraught with many valuable facts for those who are interested in the history of the Yakut people as a whole. Keywords: Yakut ancient coat, museum, material culture, eagle totem, Yakuts, shaman, outerwear | 2046 | |||||
| 338 | The article analyzes female sculptural images from the Ulaan Haram Sharoon Bumbagar barrow in the Bayannuur Somon of the Bulgan aimag in Mongolia. Among other things, female figures made of terracotta were found in the burial. All materials are currently stored in the Kharkhorin museum. The characteristics of ceramic microplastics are given according to the author's approved scheme for describing votive sculptures, taking into account gender differences. The purpose of the publication is to introduce the scientific circulation of information about the features of female medieval images of the Turkic time, made by their contemporaries. The characteristics of 13 ceramic figures made in full growth are given. The characteristics of ceramic microplastics are given according to the author's approved scheme for describing votive sculptures, taking into account gender differences. The purpose of the publication is to introduce the scientific circulation of information about the features of female medieval images of the Turkic time, made by their contemporaries. The characteristics of 13 ceramic figures made in full growth are given. The description provides the characteristics of the manufacturing material; inventory numbers and sizes are given according to the museum's documentation; the degree of safety of the figures is noted; a description of the costume, hairstyles, makeup details is given; the anthropological features of sculptural images are characterized; the racial and, if possible, ethnic identification of the prototypes of the images is given. The article notes the similarity of finds (ceramic microplastics) from the investigated burial with previously studied materials from the Shoroon bumbagar mound in Zamar somon of the Central aimag of Mongolia (stored in the G. Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts, Ulan Bator, Mongolia). In addition, apparently identical sculptural images were found during excavations in northwestern China of a burial dating from the Tang Dynasty, near the village of Yancun, Xixian District, Shaanxi Province. The tomb belongs to Xue Shao, the first husband of Princess Taiping, daughter of Emperor Gaozong. The study of the sculptural materials from the Bayannur burial mound made it possible to record the appearance of noblewomen of the Middle Ages from the Central Asian steppes. The comparative analysis confirmed the updated date of the mound to the last quarter of the 7th century AD, which corresponds to the Turkic time during the reign of the Tang Empire. The analysis of the statuettes made it possible to draw a conclusion about the possible presence of both South Siberian (Turkic) and East Asian (Chinese) components among the prototypes of female images. New data made it possible to expand knowledge about the population of the Central Asian steppes during the era of hegemony of the Tang Empire. Keywords: women, Central Asia, Mongolia, Tang Empire, barrow, sculpture, anthropology, South Siberian race, East Asian race | 2045 | |||||
| 339 | A national study of the stratigraphy of the Tomsk scientific and pedagogical intelligentsia on the basis of personal files of students, teachers and staff from the archives of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University study allowed to identify the names and biographical data of 11 Ukrainians working in the Tomsk State Pedagogical University in 1930–1950. A comparative analysis of the biographical material allowed identifying common signs of a reconstructed model of the effective work of a scientist: educational activity and scientific productivity. Herewith, the particular symptoms varied depending on socio-economic and political conditions in society and played the role of additional development factors. These findings have proved to be reliable for the reconstruction of the typological model of Soviet scientist and teacher, regardless of his nationality. The idea of internationalism, inherent in the Soviet people as a unified media identity, graded national differences and ideological Soviet society with priority of the dictatorship of the proletariat, including in the areas of education, forced to adapt to the General requirements, in order to preserve the lives and safety of his own family, rising above the national status class. Keywords: nationality, university intellectuals, model of effective work of scientist-educator, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute | 2044 | |||||
| 340 | The paper describes folklore narrative strategies of Nganasan and the northernmost dialect of Selkup. These idioms both exhibit two narrative strategies based on the discourse use of indirect evidentials (Inferential and Reportative). Thus they differ from the rest of Samoyedic idioms which lack the distinction between these two indirect evidentials and thus lack formal means of differentiating the two narrative strategies. The paper discusses possible correlation of the narrative strategies with different folklore genres. It is argued, that one of the narrative strategies in question arose due to a peculiar Samoyedic folclore narrative technique. The paper discusses also some possible correlation of linguistic data with the cultural anthropology of the Nganasans and the Selkups. Keywords: Middle Taz Selkup, Nganasan, narrative strategies, indirect evidentials, folklore, ethnography, cultural anthropology | 2042 | |||||
| 341 | The objective of this article is to analyze the cha'a'cháak – an agricultural ceremony at the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. The cha'a'cháak is considered for some as the veneration of the “supposed” or “invisible” divinity stemming from the Mayan ancient times. It shows the special ritual of the Mayans on the milpa, a cropping field. Religious practices were intrinsically related to agricultural life, especially honoring the Rain God (Chac Mool). The fruits of sowing and harvesting in the milpa depended on rain. Hence, the henequen agroindustry attracted development in the region, activity for the farmers and indirectly also the support of the practices of religious ceremonies. However, nowadays the agroindustrial development of henequen disappears in Yucatan and the cha'a'cháak ceremony also gets disappeared. Keywords: cha'a'cháak, henequen agroindustry, Yucatán, Mexico | 2042 | |||||
| 342 | Regional onomastics is an entangled system that involves names circulating in a specific region, which can be relatively well-known or almost unfamiliar outwards. Today, onomastics is an independent branch of science having as its subject of study both lexemes certainly related to proper names (e. g.: toponyms, hydronyms) and lexemes which lie at the border of propriatives and appellatives, including ethnonyms. Region’s onyms studying helps to find out linguistic links between non-related neighbouring languages, to elicit dialectal features, to discover the places of peoples’ previous habitation, to identify cultural interaction and language borrowings – for that reason this topic is of particular relevance. Regional onyms can be regionalisms from the angle of regional linguistics, insofar as they are representative of a particular locality, but are of little notice or almost unknown beyond of it. This article introduces the concept of onomastic regionalism for clearer description of local onomastic realities in the context of regional linguistics and indicates the difference of onomastic regionalism from the term regional onym. As a rule, ethnonyms of small-numbered peoples do not have wide distribution outside their bearers’ places of residence; for that reason, the author considers them onomastic regionalisms. The study of small ethnic and subethnic groups’ names in Russia it still not sufficient from the point of their regional component, this relates especially to the ethnonyms of the Russian North-East; in that regard, the present topic still abides high relevance of research. The ethnonyms of the Russian North- Eastern indigenous peoples do not have detailed investigation from the position of their involvement in the Far Eastern regional onomasticon. In the present paper the author restrains at investigation of two ethnonyms of one small-numbered people in the Russian North-East – Chukchi; he describes its men and women’s official names, Chukcha and Chukchanka, from the view of the lexical units’ simultaneous attribution to literary language and regiolect. This paper is a theoretical study of the question that the ethnonyms Chukcha and Chukchanka belong to onomastic regionalisms. The author gives a practical example of the Chukcha ethnonym transition from the regiolect to the core of the literary language and gives the reasons why the female derivative of this ethnonym, Chukchanka, remains in the language periphery and of little notice outside Chikchi’s habitat. Keywords: onomastics, onomasticon, onym, ethnonym, micro-ethnonym, Russian North-East, regionalism (lingustic), onomastic regionalism, regional onym, Chukcha (male Chukchi), Chukchanka (female Chukchi) | 2040 | |||||
| 343 | This article deals with the problem of the reconstruction of the emphatic element, element of negative polarity and negative element |-naj|. The research is based on the materials on the southern and northern dialects of Selkup language. First of all, the negative element |-naj| which manifests itself as an integral part of negative pronouns and adverbs, is the product of the second outcome – grammaticalization of the corresponding emphatic element |-naj|. So, in its turn, it is supposed that the emphatic element |-naj| is the result of the merging of two elements: some pronoun (or stem of some pronoun) |-nɛ| and the corresponding emphatic particle |-aj|. Moreover, being of emphatic nature, the element |-naj| (as well as |-aj|) probably can merge with other elements producing new lexemes with new meanings, for example: southern Selkup |olanej| ‘so’; northern Selkup |nɨnaj| ‘again, at once’. Keywords: Selkup language, reconstruction, emphasis, negation | 2037 | |||||
| 344 | The article is devoted to the analysis of Buryat value system, features of its transformation in the conditions of growing number of the Buryat-Russian bilinguals, mother tongue loss in Buryats. The data for the study came from the free associative experiment made among the Buryat bilinguals in both. native and Russian language, comparative analysis of the materials of "The Russian associative dictionary", the data of the ethnopsychological research by I. E. Elaeva conducted earlier, and the available data on word frequency in the classic of the Buryat literature by Kh. Namsaraev. The research demonstrates the degree of stability of Buryat value system. The comparative analysis shows that the most high-frequency words are national, most significant lexemes. For the Buryat, the patrimonial relations are important, which is demonstrated by the preservation even in Russian-speaking respondents of such word-responses as mother, relatives, children and father. Traditional value dominants are life, house, homeland, sun, body, work, food, book, thought. The data also show that the distinctive feature of the Buryat consciousness is the appreciation of the teacher and guest. The most significant word-responses designating qualitative characteristics are: hayn 'good, kind', khuney ‘human’, sagaan 'white', seber 'pure', goyo ‘elegant, beautiful’, turgen 'fast', haykhan 'beautiful', buryad ‘Buryat’, dulaan 'warm'. "The love to the country, to the people" is confirmed by entry into high-frequency group of such responses in the domain "person" as: arad and zon 'people'; in the domain "realia" – nyutag 'homeland', in the domain "quality evaluations" – burayd ‘Buryat’. The analysis of comparative constructions also shows that the major value category for Buryat nomads is the nature. The comparative analysis of basic value components of the Buryat language use shows that the influence of Russian language is mainly reflected in a so called "real" environment. It is also established that the influence of a national language code remains rather high, which respectively, also maintains such key Buryat cultural, social consciousness features as emphasizing being peaceful, unaggressive. Keywords: language consciousness, values, associative experiment, Buryat language, bilingualism | 2036 | |||||
| 345 | The Teleut language belongs to the Esse-type languages, which express predicative possessive relations within nominal phrases. It employs three main strategies of predicative possession encoding according to the typology of L. Stassen: the locational possessive, the with-possessive and the topic possessive. The locational encoding strategy is typically used with an alienable possessee being the grammatical subject with the possessor in indirect locative case. The with-possessive encoding strategy is the syntactical inversion of the locative strategy; its main function is attributive. The most common predicative possessive encoding strategy in Teleut is the topic possessive with its variety – the genitive possessive. Verbal encoding strategy is expressed with the transitive verbs like ‘to keep’, ‘to hold’, ‘to receive’ etc. which have implicit semantics of possession. Keywords: Turkic languages, Teleut, possessive, predication; information structure and sentence form | 2034 | |||||
| 346 | The description of the processes of language death is one of the most important problems in the study of endangered languages. This article highlights the current state of research on language death in Russia and abroad. The analysis of the dynamics of disintegration of small language forms in places of compact residence of German immigrants is of particular interest. On the basis of primary data, the paper proposes diagnosis of the processes of language death of the second type (involution) based on the example of the decay of German spoken forms used by the representatives of Russian Germans in the Tomsk region. Keywords: involution, language death, Russian Germans, German spoken forms, Russian-German bilingualism, enlarged intra-extralinguistic approach | 2033 | |||||
| 347 | The aim of this work is to analyze the practical and symbolic significance of milk food in the culture of the nomads of Inner Asia. The chronological framework of the work covers the late 19th — mid of 20th centuries. The research is based on historical, ethnographic and folklore materials. Comparative-historical and comparative-typological analysis of the worldview, economic practices, ritual sphere of nomads associated with the food complex, made it possible to identify a general worldview layer that formed the idea of the practical and sacred significance of dairy food, its functions of socio-normative regulation of society. The high importance of milk in the food complex and its white color predetermined the sacredness of milk and substantiated a wide range of its ritual use. The study of the daily practices of obtaining, processing, storing and consuming dairy food among the nomads of Inner Asia on a long chronological cut and in a wide territorial framework shows that dairy food has always had the status of “ritual”, and not only in situations of a sacred order. The sacred status of white food as a symbol of abundance determined the system of special restrictions and prohibitions accompanying the receipt of milk, its processing and storage. Milk food is the closest to the concept of “food norm” is most closely related, embodied in various forms. Unlike other main food of nomads — meat, milk food was intended to unite society, making the rich and the poor, insiders and outsiders equal. It was revealed that in the Buryat culture, one of the types of dairy food, the fermented milk product of kurunga (Buryat. kürenge), is one of the key markers of social community — the clan along with the ancestral fire, tamga, with which ideas about the power of the clan and its well-being are associated. Keywords: Inner Asia, Turkic-Mongol peoples, food complex, milk, ritual, social functions, simbolizm | 2028 | |||||
| 348 | Paper is devoted to investigation of peculiarities of ελευθερία and αγάπη concepts in Greek culture at different times: in ancient Greek culture, Byzantine culture, the culture of the Renaissance, and modern culture. The statement that these characteristics are the essential features of the understanding of the human being in Greek culture, which had a significant impact on the development of the Greek ethnos, is substantiated. On the basis of ancient Greek thinkers’ texts, the Bible and contemporary sources the formation and development of the idea of freedom as the essential characteristics of the Hellenes, and the transformation of the content and the semantic difference ἀγάπη compared with other Greek concept that refers to other manifestations of love (ερως, φιλια, στοργη etc) are demonstrated. At each of these stages, the essential relationship between freedom and love, and their inseparability from the human being and opposition to death is observed. Keywords: ελευθερία-freedom, αγάπη-love, ancient Greek culture, Byzantine culture, the culture of the Renaissance, modern culture | 2026 | |||||
| 349 | Purpose. The paper analyzes one of the aspects of the comprehensive post-revolutionary Soviet policy for the “emancipation of women” — anti-religious work among the female population, which was closely intertwined with the general practices of militant atheism and anti-religious work among the population. However, in the author's opinion, working with women was a separate line of efforts of early Soviet cultural traders that required special consideration. Results. The struggle against the church, faith and believers occupied one of the central places in the general policy of modernization of the country according to the Soviet type, and it was the high level of religiosity, mainly of the female population, that seemed to be the biggest obstacle on the way of building a godless New society. If such work as the creation of institutions of motherhood and infancy, women's educational program, the involvement of women in Soviet social life, despite massive resistance, found at least any response among certain segments of the population, then a campaign to seize church values, persecution of clergy, attempts to undermine Orthodox axiological basis for the existence of Russian society was caused only by persistent negativism and tough opposition from the population, primarily women. Conclusion. Initially, Soviet leaders underestimated the depth of women's spiritual life, and considered visiting churches as a tribute to tradition and a form of leisure, which were supposed to gradually be replaced by Soviet cultural and social events. By the end of the first decade of Soviet power, it became clear that these methods of struggle were not at all effective, the level of women's involvement in church life during the opposition to theomachy only increased and even gave rise to new forms of women's participation in church parishes, including participation in liturgical life and mass phenomena of female asceticism. Keywords: female religiosity, antireligious campaign, 1920ies, women and the church, mansplaining, gender and religion, orthodox’ feminization | 2026 | |||||
| 350 | The paper presents a brief overview of the semasiological and onomasiological approaches to the study of possession in Russian and Western linguistic tradition. The paper discusses morphological, syntactic and morphosyntactic ways of expressing possession in the dialects of Selkup and covers various semantic types of possessive constructions. The Selkup dialects mark the distinction between alienable and inalienable possession. Keywords: possession, Selkup, possessive constructions, possessive suffixes, alienable/inalienable possession | 2023 | |||||
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