HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SEMANTICS OF COLOR TERM AQ ‘WHITE’ IN THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE (AGAINST THE COMMON TURKIC BACKGROUND)
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2020-1-21-31
The article is devoted to the study of the formation, development, and description of the semantic features of the color term aq ‘white’ in the Bashkir language, which, due to its archaic nature, has a number of nominative and denotative meanings. When studying the origin and evolution of the word, we turned to works on the history of language and etymology. Dictionaries of the Bashkir language and the corpus of Bashkir prose and folklore served as sources of examples for identifying the meanings of a word. A comparative historical study of the meanings of words on a common Türkic background was carried out based on data extracted from the Turkic languages dictionaries. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the lexeme both in the comparative historical aspect and in terms of synchrony with the identification of general trends and specific features in the development and semantics of the word. The study revealed that the color designation aq is a reflex of the Pre-Turkic form *āk ‘light’, which, in turn, goes back to the Pre-Altai *iāk’V ‘light, white’. The lexeme aq appears already in the earliest written sources - ancient Turkic monuments. In them, aq is mainly used with respect to the suit of a horse, and for the color designation “white” there is the word ürüŋ. It is believed that aq was a word characteristic of the western branch of the Turkic languages and, over time, it became widespread in all Turkic languages after the Chuvash and Yakut branches were separated from them. Most of the meanings of the word aq, identified in the Bashkir language, have a common Türkic character: color and color shades (white, light, gray, gray), secondary meanings (pure, holy, sinless, holy, kind, happy, joyful, noble); substantives (milk, protein, thorn). It assumes the significance of an areal character: old, wise (among the Turks of the Caucasus and Central Asia). In the Bashkir language, there is a white color different from the general Türkic language – ‘southern’, while in ancient times among the Türks it was the west, the western side connotation in white.
Keywords: color term for white, Bashkir language, Tirkic languages, semantics, comparative historical study
References:
Anikin A. E. Russkiy etimologicheskiy slovar' [Russian etymological dictionary]. – Iss.1. – М., 2007. (in Russian).
Akademicheskiy slovar' bashkirskogo yazyka [The Academic dictionary of the Bashkir language]. – Vol. 1. – Ufa, 2011.
Akhmet'yanov R. G. Etimologicheskiy slovar' tatarskogo yazyka [Etymological dictionary of the Tatar language]. – Birsk, 2004 (in Tatar).
Bektaev K. Bol'shoy kazakhsko-russkiy, russko-kazakhskiy slovar' [Great Kazach-Russian, Russian-Kazach dictionary]. – Almaty, 1995.
Budagov L. Z. Sravnitel'nyy slovar' turetsko-tatarskikh narechiy [Comparative dictionary of Turkic-Tatar dialects]. – Vo. 1. – SPb., 1869.
Garkavets A. N. Codex Cumanicus: Polovetskie molitvy, gimny i zagadki XIII–XIV vv. [Codex Cumanicus: Polovtsian prayers, hymns and riddles of 13th–14th cent.]. – М., 2006. (in Russian).
Gagauzsko-russko-moldavskiy slovar' [Gagauz-Russian-Moldavian dictionary]. – M., 1973.
Dialektologicheskiy slovar' bashkirskogo yazyka [Dialectological dictionary of Bashkir]. – Ufa, 2002. (in Bashkir).
Drevnetyurkskiy slovar’ [Old Turkic dictionary]. – Leningrad, 1969. (in Russian).
Dybo A. V. Etimologicheskiy slovar' tyurkskikh yazykov [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkic Languages]. – Аstana, 2013. (in Russian).
Karachaevo-balkarsko-russkiy slovar' [Karachai-Balkar-Russian dictionary]. – M., 1989.
Korpus bashkirskogo yazyka. Proza. [Corpus of the Bashkir language. Prose]. URL: http://212.193.132.98/bashkorp/bashkorp (accessed 08.07.2019). (in Bashkir).
Korpus bashkirskogo yazyka. Fol'klor [Corpus of the Bashkir language. Folklore]. URL: http://212.193.132.98/bashkorp/korpusfol. (accessed 08.07.2019). (in Bashkir).
Kononov A. N. Semantika tsvetooboznacheniy v tyurkskikh yazykakh [Semantics of color terms in Turkic languages]. Turkological collection. 1975. – М., 1978. – P.159–179. (in Russian).
Kormushin I. V. Tsvetooboznacheniya [Color terms] // Sravnitel'no-istoricheskaya grammatika tyurkskikh yazykov. Leksika [Comparative historical grammar of Turkic languages. Lexis]. – М., 2001. – Pp. 592–608. (in Russian).
Karaimsko-russko-pol'skiy slovar' [Karaime-Russian-Polish dictionary]. – М., 1974.
Karakalpaksko-russkiy slovar' [Kara-Kalpak-Russian dictionary.] – M., 1958.
Kumyksko-russkiy slovar' [Kumyk-Russian dictionary] – M., 1969.
Kuryshzhanov A. K. Issledovanie po leksike starokypchakskogo pis'mennogo pamyatnika XIII v. – Tyurksko-arabskogo slovarya [A study on the vocabulary of Starokypchaksky written monument of the XIII century. – Turk-Arabic dictionary]. – Alma-Ata, 1970. (in Russian).
Malov S. E. Pamyatniki drevnetyurkskoy pis'mennosti. Teksty i issledovaniya [Monuments of Old Turkic writing. Texts and studies]. – М.; L., 1951. (in Russian).
Malov S. E. Pamyatniki drevnetyurkskoy pis'mennosti Mongolii i Kirgizii [Monuments of ancient Turkic writing Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan]. - M.; L., 1959. (in Russian).
Malov S. E. Eniseyskaya pis'mennost' tyurkov. Teksty i perevody [Yenisei writing Turks. Texts and translations]. – M.; L., 1952. (in Russian).
Marganova F. F. Sibirskotatarsko-russkiy slovar'. – Tyumen', 2019 [Siberian-Tatar-Russian Dictionary]. (in Russian).
Makhmud al-Kashgari. Divan lugat at-turk (Svod tyurkskikh slov). [Diwan Lughat at-Turk (Set of Turkic words)]. Translated from Arabic by A. R. Rustamov, edit. I. V. Kormushin, E. A. Potseluevskiy, A. R. Rustamov]. – Part.1. – М., 2010. (in Russian).
Molchanova O. T. Toponimicheskiy slovar' Gornogo Altaya [Toponymic dictionary of Gorny Altai]. – Gorno-Altaysk, 1979. (in Russian).
Muratova R. T. Tsvetooboznachenie һary ‘zheltyy’ v bashkirskom yazyke: genezis, razvitie i leksiko-semanticheskaya kharakteristika [The color term for ‘yellow’ in the Bashkir language: genesis, development and lexical-semantic characteristics] // Ural-Altaic Studies. – 2018. – № 2. – P.53–70. (in Russian).
Muratova R. T. Genezis, razvitie i leksicheskaya semantika tsvetooboznacheniya qythyl ‘krasnyy’ v bashkirskom yazyke [The Bashkir Colour Term Qyźyl (‘Red’): Genesis, Evolution and Lexical Semantics] // Oriental Studies. – 2018. – No. 5. – Pp. 120–131. (in Russian).
Nadzhip E. N. Uygursko-russkiy slovar' [Uighur-Russian dictionary]. – M., 1968.
Nadzhip E. N. Tyurkoyazychnyy pamyatnik XIV veka «Gulistan» S. Sarai i ego yazyk [The 14th century Turkic monument “Gulistan” by S. Sarai and his language]. – Alma-Ata, 1975. (in Russian).
Nogaysko-russkiy slovar' [Nogai-Russian dictionary]. – M., 1963.
Radlov V. V. Opyt slovarya tyurkskikh narechiy [An attempt at the dictionary of Turkic dialects]. – Vol. 1, part. 1. – SPb., 1893. (in Russian).
Russko-altayskiy slovar' [Russian-Altaic Dictionary]. – М., 1964.
Starostin S. A. Altayskaya problema i proiskhozhdenie yaponskogo yazyka [Altai problem and the origin of the Japanese language]. – M., 1991. (in Russian).
Tagiev M. T. i dr. Azerbaydzhansko-russkiy slovar'. V 4-kh tomakh [Tagiev M. T. et al. Azerbaijani-Russian dictionary. In four volumes]. – Baku, 2006.
Tatarintsev B. I. Etimologicheskiy slovar' tuvinskogo yazyka [Etymological dictionary of Tuvinian language]. – Novosibirsk, 2000. (in Russian).
Tatarsko-russkiy slovar' [Tatar-Russian dictionary]. In 2 vols. – Kazan, 2007.
Tuvinsko-russkiy slovar' [Tuvan-Russian dictionary]. – M., 1968.
Turetsko-russkiy slovar' [Turkish-Russian dictionary]. – М., 1977.
Turkmensko-russkiy slovar' [Turkmen-Russian dicionary] – M., 1968.
Uzbeksko-russkiy slovar' [Uzbek-Russian dictionary]. – М., 1959.
Khakassko-russkiy slovar' [Khakass-Russian dictionary]. – Novosibirsk, 2006.
Khisamitdinova F. G. Slovar' bashkirskoy mifologii [dictionary of Bashkir mythology]. – Ufa, 2011.
Khisamitdinova F. G., Muratova R. T., Yagafarova G. N., Valieva M. R. Tsvetooboznacheniya v bashkirskoy toponimii [Color terms in Bashkir toponymy] // Problems of onomastics. – 2019. – № 1. – P. 140–159. (in Russian).
Chuvashsko-russkiy slovar' [Chuvash-Russian dictionary]. – Cheboksary, 1985.
Etimologicheskiy slovar' tyurkskikh yazykov. Obshchetyurkskie i mezhtyurkskie osnovy na glasnye [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages: Common Turkic and Interturkic stems starting with vowels]. – М., 1974. (in Russian).
Yudakhin K. K. Kirgizsko-russkiy slovar' [Kirghiz-Russian dictionary]. – M., 1965.
Clauson G. An etymological dictionary of the Thirteenth-Century Turkish. – Oxford, 1972.
Starostin S. A., Dybo A. V., Mudrak O. A. An Etymological Dictionary of Altaic Languages. – Leiden, 2003.
( 764.71 kB ) 
( 744.82 kB )
Issue: 1, 2020
Series of issue: Issue 1
Rubric: LINGUISTICS
Pages: 21 — 31
Downloads: 810