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| 151 | The problem of the formation and development of the Teleut foreign volost (government) of the Tomsk district, where Kalmaks lived, is still poorly understood. The consequence of which were repeated errors and inaccuracies in the interpretation of the territorial, demographic and religious processes related to this sub-ethnic group. In a number of works by modern Siberian ethnographers and historians, there are inaccuracies that sometimes distort the historical picture of the formation of settlements of the Teleut volost, their connection with demographic and religious processes. The source base of the study was archival documents, statistical materials, items from the personal collection of Yurga local historians, as well as the results of a genetic study of Kalmaks of various faiths. The methodological basis of the work is the civilizational approach and the dualistic theory of the ethnos of Y. Bromley, which are based on theoretical and empirical research methods. This article makes a significant adjustment to the definition of the boundaries of the first settlements of “outgoing Teleuts” (Kalmaks) and their descendants, the time of foundation and localization of settlements. The first settlement of Kalmaks was Konstantinovskie (Teleutskie) Yurts on the right bank of the Tom. The article analyzes demographic and religious changes. The process of conversion to Islam and Orthodoxy of Kalmaks took place in the middle of the 18th century. It is shown that the formation of the Teleut volost in the 60s of the 18th century is associated with the general process of creating new allogeneous volosts from groups of Service Tatars. The conclusion is made that despite serious religious differentiation and partial assimilation of Kalmaks, their number increased. The article concludes that the time of existence of the Teleut allogeneous volost (uprava) of the Tomsk district is the period of completion of the ethnogenesis of Kalmaks. Late 19th — early 20th centuries characterized by an even greater rapprochement between the Muslim-Kalmaks and the Tomsk Tatars and the beginning of the stage of the formation of the cultural homogeneity of the community of Muslim Tatars in the Tomsk Ob region. Since the end of the existence of its own administrative-territorial unit, the question of preserving the Kalmaks as a separate subethnos has become aggravated. Keywords: Tomsk, Tomsk uezd, Teleut volost, «outgoing Teleuts», Kalmaks, Siberian Tatars, ethnogenesis | 2500 | |||||
| 152 | This article continues the study of ethnic history and ethnic processes that took place in the space of Inner Asia. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the ethnic composition of the Turkic and Mongoliс peoples of Siberia, using sources of Russian administrative management, made it possible to analyze in detail the tribal structure of the Yakut and Buryat communities. The study of array of Yakut and Buryat ethnonyms made it possible to distinguish four ethnonyms, on the example of which one can clearly trace the difference between ethnic groups in the Baikal and Lensky regions. Ethnonyms reflect the participation of the Buryat stratum in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts, as indicated by the Buryat form of word formation. At the same time, through the prism of the Buryat stratum in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts, one can see earlier ties of the ancestors of the Yakuts with the population of the Sayan-Khubsugul region — in Mongolian time (salji'ut). Ethnonyms revealed in the Yakut environment also reveal ties with Oirats. The linguistic reconstruction of the Yakut ethnonyms made it possible to establish the participation in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts medieval Oirat community — ölöt. Relations with other regions of the Mongol Empire are also indirectly revealed — a reflection of these medieval ties, in our opinion, is the presence in the environment of the Buryats of the ethnonym Qangin and Sartul, which is assumed that they are homogenous Kipchaks and population of Central Asia, who merged into the Early Buryat community. The results of the study reflect the complexity of the ethnic processes that took place among the Mongolian and Turkic nomads of Eurasia. The data obtained help to clarify the ethnic composition of the population of both Mongolia and Buryatia and Yakutia. Keywords: Inner Asia, Turkic-Mongolian peoples, ethnogenesis, phonetic reconstruction, folklore, ethnonym | 2496 | |||||
| 153 | The article explores the little-known Basandaika expedition that constitutes one of the greatest endeavours in the development of archaeology in Tomsk, i.e. the opening and studying of the Basandaika settlement II. In focus is the discoverer of the site whose name is almost unknown in the context of archaeological research in the Basandaika area – Doctor of History, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences (Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic) Hilda Ivanovna Mosberg. In 1943–45, she acted as an Associate Professor at the Faculty of History of Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute and took part in the expedition to Basandaika in 1944. Based on the material collected at four different Tomsk archives, the article reconstructs some of the events from the Tomsk period of H.I. Mosberg’s life. Analyzed is the field material associated with her name as well as the fate of the archaeological collection from the settlement. Photographs previously unpublished accompany the article. In addition, the results produced in the early XXI century investigation in which Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pletnyova was actively involved complement the ones of the mid-XX century research into the settlement. Keywords: archaeology, excavations in the Basandaika area, the Basandaika settlement II, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute (University), Tomsk State University, K. E. Grinevich, H. I. Mosberg, G. V. Trukhin, L. M. Pletnyova, N. V. Toroshchina | 2494 | |||||
| 154 | The ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement is a place well-known to Tomsk residents, which is located on the left bank of the River Tom, opposite the city of Tomsk. The area took its name from a fortified settlement once located here. According to folk legends, the leader of Eoushta Tatars called Toyan was based in this area. The research into it started in the late XIX century, however at that time and afterwards it was limited only to the inspection and collection of finds on the surface. In the early XX century such settlements and adjacent territories would be chosen for countryside houses construction. In the first half of the XX century, a TB sanatorium was built here, and the fortified settlement was largely destroyed and partially filled with construction waste. Some unpublished documents and unknown collections of finds related to this archaeological site are now kept at Tomsk museums. The article presents a previously unpublished layout of the ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement and of its burial ground drawn by M. P. Gryaznov in 1924 as well as A. P. Dulson’s finds collected at the site in 1952. Keywords: ‘Toyanov gorodok’ settlement, Toyan, Tatars of Eoushta, history of research, ceramics | 2492 | |||||
| 155 | Place names, in spite of their denotative character, haven't been the object of close attention of cognitive scientists until recently. However, recent studies in cognitive linguistics have given impetus to the development of toponymy in this direction. The article analyzes both Russian and foreign scientific literature on the cognitive approach to the study of toponymics, which shows that, in general, researchers are cautious with terminology in the cognitive-toponymic context, preferring to replace the word combination «cognitive toponymy» with descriptive constructions. The author asks the question about the expediency of introducing the term «cognitive toponymy» and substantiates the conclusion about its necessity in onomastic terminology system. The article develops definitions for the concepts of «cognitive toponymy» and «cognitive toponym», makes assumptions about the goals and objectives of cognitive toponymy as a science. The close connection between scientific-cognitive approach and toponymy is supported by examples. Particular emphasis is made on the role of visual and mental perception in place naming. In the author’s opinion, the future lies with the complex method of studying toponymic units within the cognitive analysis of geographical names in combination with statistical analysis, historical and geographical reconstruction, descriptive method and GIS mapping method. Keywords: toponymy, cognitive approach, onomastics, concept, term | 2485 | |||||
| 156 | The shelomok culture was widespread on the territory of Tomsk Priobye in VI–IV cc. b.c.e. It was closely related to cultures of scythian-siberian world: Greater Black Sea area and its Asian part. All these manifested itself in similar forms of weapon items, horse munitions, as well as availability of items typical of other cultures of scythian world: pazyryk, tagarsk culture, sacs of Kazakhstan. Art of scythian-siberian world is characterized by relief and volume pieces of animals’ figures. This article reviews only bronze hollow figures of roe deers from Tomsk Priobye and China. Authors suppose this form in volume version came from East: China, indirectly through other territories. Such figures are present in materials of tagarsk culture in minimum quantity. Probably, the way from China passed through the territory of Khakass-Minusinsk basin, then, in a modified form they came to Tomsk Priobye. Keywords: archeology, bronze figures, early Iron Age, cultural ties, settlement, ritual | 2484 | |||||
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| 158 | The aim of the following paper is to present the terms of social and human capital and their role in contem-porary societies. The paper consists of few parts. It starts with discussion about definitions of social and human capital and differences between both terms. The author states that the term of human capital is wider, but it cannot be considered without its social component. Then, it presents the role of non-government organizations (funds, associations) in the process of forming of social capital. The author argues, that social confidence, accountability and transparent political institutions, as well as democratic state, cannot exist without social capital and well developed “third sector”. In the last part of the paper the author presents a case of Wroclaw-based fund “The Russian-Polish Institute”, a non-government organization, established in 2011 by private persons from Poland and Russia, that focuses on preservation and popularization of Russian language and culture in Poland. Keywords: social capital, non-commercial organizations, the Russian-Polish Institute, Russian language and culture | 2474 | |||||
| 159 | This article deals with traditional customs of guesthood and hospitality typical for the Selkup culture. The analysis rests on the materials of folk Selkup literature, which reveals the main rules of guesthood and hospitality, as well as the materials of ethnographic observations (including I. A. Korobeynikova’s (one of the authors) reminiscences of her childhoood). The article presents the analysis of terms of greeting and farewell common to the Selkups living in Parabel-Narym (chumylkup) dialect areal in the middle of the XX-th century. The study leads to the conclusion that they are likely to have been borrowed from the neighbouring peoples cultures (the Khanty, the Tatars, the Russians). Keywords: the Selkups, etiquette, hospitality, norms of conduct when visiting sb, the terms of greeting and farewell, way of proper treatment to the respected people | 2464 | |||||
| 160 | The paper deals with the form behavior (i.e. morphological characteristics) of the word forms of quality, object and material, local and temporal, and process semantics that carry out the function of the actant’s attributes in closely related Udmurt and Komi languages. The analysis is based on the “word form grammar” approach suggested by A. P. Volodin. Qualitative semantics is primary for the specified functional grouping. In the Permic languages the word forms of this semantics are characterized on the formal level by the absence of agreement in number and in case with nouns they qualify. At the same time the paper analyzes some cases of agreement of attribute word forms in the Udmurt language. The following morphological feature of attributes is the category of the degrees of comparison which in the Permic languages is expressed by means of special suffixes. As for the so-called class markers of the actant’s attributes, it should be noted that in Permic there are no regular markers which would allow to distinguish the specified word forms from word forms of other classes on the morphological level. Udmurt attributive word forms of qualitative semantics often easily carry out both the function of the actant’s attributes and the function of the predicate’s attributes without changing their form. In the Komi languages the tendency to distinguish the actant’s attributes and the predicate’s attributes with the regular marking of the last is observed. Further the analysis of attributive word forms of “secondary” semantics (object and material, local and temporal and process) is carried out and it is observed that: (1) the Permic attributive word forms of object and material semantics do not accept any specific markers and act in the main form frequently forming composites; (2) the Udmurt attributive word forms of local and temporal semantics also act in the main form whereas in the Komi languages the specified word forms tend to be marked by specific markers; (3) the Permic participle forms as the actant’s attributes are distinctly marked by a regular marker. Finally, it is concluded that despite close relation of the Komi and Udmurt languages, the specified languages demonstrate distinctions in form behavior of attributive word forms. Keywords: Udmurt, Komi, attributes, morphological markers, Permic languages | 2463 | |||||
| 161 | This paper is devoted to the history of the Ivankins’ yurts, who were the center of the Selkup concentration and the keepers of the native Sheshkup dialect in XIX–XX centuries. The history of collecting archaeological, linguistic and ethnographic data on the population of the area in different historical periods are examined in the paper.Total information resulting from analysis of the complex collected materials allow to draw conclusions about the degree of knowledge of this issue. Keywords: Selkup people, Sheshkup dialect, the Ivankins’ yurts, Pikovsky parish, history of the study | 2463 | |||||
| 162 | The Nganasan langauge is rich in adjectival suffixes. Some of the adjectival suffixes simply have been considered as derivational suffixes of “adjectiveness” without any further function, however several earlier studies on the Nganasan language have previously mentioned some correlations of certain semantic domains and the morphology of their terms. The paper provides deeper analysis of the linguistic data and depicts its typological parallels and uniqueness. The domains referring value and age seem to appear as a part of the domain of physical characteristics and because of the low number of its members they have not became subjects of consideration. The correlation between domains and suffixes are not exclusive, e.g.: suffix of colour also occurs in dimension and physical characteristics, e.g. kolsajkuə ‘long’ etc. Suffixes -əgə and ńəəgə clearly cover their own domain. Among the causes of the overlapings the different productivity of the suffixes, the different degrees of semantic transparency of the derivated forms and the unclear origin of the suffixes with their unclear etymology can also be mentioned. Although the correlations are strong and show strict tendencies, the suffixes can not been considered as classifiers because they dominate only their “own” domain, but not exclusively. Keywords: Nganasan, adjectives, derivation | 2462 | |||||
| 163 | The article observes classification of constructions with possessive markers in Selkup in the frame of such oppositions, as personal – impersonal, adnominal (pronominal and nominal) – predicative, alienable – inalienable, prototypical – non prototypical. 44 examples of Selkup constructions with possessive markers reveal that some of them do not have possessive meaning but rather reflect determination, identifiability, or definiteness. The usage of possessive suffixes with certain noun groups leads to their grammaticalization. Keywords: possessive constructions, categorization, Selkup, possessive language means, grammaticallization | 2462 | |||||
| 164 | Not only in modern research on indigenous languages, but also in the national languages with centuries-old traditions until recently there are contradictory opinions on formation of the numeral class into a content word. A wide diversity and variety of forms is noticed, deviations from the inflections are noticed. Besides, in understudied languages a variety of forms for the same numerals beyond the limit of the first ten is observed. The article is devoted to the functions, which cardinal numerals from 1 through 7 take in folklore and household texts and how the numerals are objectified in linguistic worldimage of the Kets. Material of the Ket folklore and household texts corpus, consisting of 30 texts (about 1100 sentences) served as a basis for this research. The numerals’ etymology is not covered by the report (see Werner, 2006 as per etymology). The numerals from 1 through 7 can be noticed in the Ket texts very often: qoˀk (AN) / qūsʲ (INAN) ‘one’ – 15 cases of use; ɨ̄n ‘two’ – 15 cases of use; doˀŋ ‘tree’ – 9 cases of use; sīk ‘four’ – 9 cases of use; qāk ‘five’ – 5 cases of use; ā ‘six’ – 3 cases of use; oˀn ‘seven’ – 2 cases of use. Besides reflecting the exact quantitative characteristic, the numerals perform some other functions: the numeral qoˀk (AN) / qūsʲ (INAN) ‘one’ is used as an indefinite article; ɨ̄n ‘two’ and doˀŋ ‘three’ can be noticed in word combinations with the word deˀŋ ‘people’ and acquire a cumulative meaning ‘twain’, ‘threesome’; sīk ‘four’ and qāk ‘five’ can be observed in a complex substantivized combination. All the numerals can be a part of an attribute. There is a cumulative context consisting of 6 elements in one text. The even numerals have a connection with evil spirits: ɨnˈitaŋ – ‘two-teeth’ (Kajgus’); sektaɣantuːsʲa ‘four-fingered’ (Kolbasam); ˀasʲɨk qoj ‘six year old bear’ (in the fairy tale it struggles with the main character’s grandmother). The odd numerals are closely connected with the world-view of the Kets, their cosmogonical ideas and their customs. The world, according to visualization of the Kets consists of three parts – the upper world, consisting of seven layers; the middle world, washed by seven seas; the lower world, which consists of seven subsoil caves. According to the Ket’s beliefs a man has seven souls, one of them is the main. The odd numerals can often be noticed in rituals, e.g. marriage: during the third meeting, the fiancée’s relatives agree to the marriage, after the marriage, the bride should live at her parent’s tent for three days. The fact that the cardinal numerals from 1 through 7 can be found in the texts often, is defined by the needs of the language speakers, their cultural and cosmogonic concepts of the world. Keywords: the Ket language, cardinal numerals 1 through 7, functioning of the numerals in folklore texts, sacral meaning of numbers | 2455 | |||||
| 165 | In the article are expound the results of research of the process of changes in the composition of ornamental supertext of Andronovo cultural-historical community (ACHC). The research was carried out in the territorial, cultural and, partly, chronological contexts. As the most sensitive markers of this process it is proposed to consider such groups of ornamental figures, like «diamonds», «step pyramid», «swastika» and «Siberian wave». The study was conducted in the framework of the problem of the Genesis of Andronovo cultures. It was assumed that the degree of concentration of the selected shapes on the map ACHC will be able to mark the areals of the formation of Alakul and, above all, the Fedorov culture. Keywords: Andronovo ornamentation, genesis, the epicenters of origin, the regions of distribution, pre-Andronovo ornamentation | 2455 | |||||
| 166 | The study is carried out a comparative analysis of the memorial and funeral rites of the Indians of the Na-Dene (Navajo) group and the Yenisei (Kets). The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of ethnographic material in order to identify any cultural similarities and parallels in the memorial and funeral rites of the Navajo Indians and Kets and to collect data that would allow to analyze the nature of these ties themselves afterwards. As a result, the author of the article reached the conclusions that among the characteristics in the funeral ritual of the Kets and Navajo Indians there are both principal (the burials in a warehouse and on a tree, an explanation of human mortality and the orientation of the deceased in an eastern direction) and insignificant similarities among the characteristics in the funeral rituals of the Kets and Navajo Indians. There are cultural ties in memorial and funeral rites that allow (with great caution) to evaluate the existing similarities as cultural and genetic, which may become an additional argument in favor of the theory of the Na-Dene Indians’ and the Yenisei’s kinship. Keywords: chum Kets, Navajo, funeral and memorial rites, burial, Dene-Yenisei language family | 2454 | |||||
| 167 | The article describes the results of three folklore-ethnographic expeditions to the Tuvinians of China in 2016 year. Analyzed the degree of ownership of folklore and ethnographic tradition of the young generation of the Chinese Tuvinians. Recorded materials from Tuvinian students testify to the continuity of knowledge on traditional folklore and rituals. It is noted that young people in the rituals adheres to the сanon of tradition, knows the semantics and pragmatics of rituals. At the same time, in the recorded works of oral prose from a young generation it can be noted not rich repertoire and poor knowledge of the foundations of traditional mythology. It is established that the folklore and ritual in the life of Tuvinians of China is a lively and dynamic traditional culture. During three expeditions were recorded samples of many folklore genres and also the different stages of the wedding rituals. Keywords: Tuvinians of China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, non-folktale prose, ritual folklore | 2453 | |||||
| 168 | The purpose of this article is to consider the reflection in the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people of such an important component of the life support system as traditional food culture, as well as the past economic activities of the people. Many Bashkir proverbs originated come down to us from ancient times, some appeared a little later, others-even closer to our time. As the main source, we used Bashkir proverbs translated into Russian from volume 7 of the series “Bashkir folk Art” (Ufa, 1993); The originals of proverbs in the Bashkir language are contained in the publication “Bashkort Halyk Izhady” (Ufa, 1980). A significant contribution to the collection and study of the Bashkir paremic heritage was made by pre-revolutionary and Soviet researchers of the Bashkir territory, as well as modern folklore scientists. Among them, it is particularly necessary to highlight F. A. Nadrshina, whose sphere of scientific interests, among other issues, concerned the study of the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people. The food products mentioned in Bashkir proverbs can be divided into several categories: animal products (meat, milk, eggs); vegetable food (cereals, vegetables, wild roots and herbs); fish, honey, spices, as well as dishes prepared from them. Much attention was paid to the quality of products in the paremias; they also reflect the order of eating; the hospitality of the people, traditional Bashkir holidays and rituals, as well as food prepared for them; food taboos, the observance of which was mandatory in Bashkir society, etc. For example, drunkenness was condemned; vodka was considered the cause of many diseases and even death. Among the people, a careful, prudent attitude to food was promoted, which was also reflected in proverbs and sayings. In the distant past, the Bashkirs, like many other pagans, had certain cults and beliefs associated with food. In addition, the echoes of the lean famine years preserved in the people's memory also provided significant material for the appearance of proverbs about the need to appreciate food. Based on the analysis of the available materials, we can conclude that proverbs are a valuable source for studying the ethnography of Bashkirs, its spiritual and material culture. Keywords: Bashkirs, nutrition system, food culture, proverbs, holidays, rituals, paremias, folklore, folk art | 2452 | |||||
| 169 | The article is concerned with the comparison of Finnish and English plant names. These languages belong to different families – Uralic and Indo-European, which results in significant discrepancies in the systems of folk plant taxonomy. Yet Finnish and English plant names also have similarities that can be of particular interest for research. The analysis is based on Finnish plant names that denote the habitat of plants. The article considers Finnish plant names with the elements vesi “water” and pelto “field”; these words are compared to the names of the same plants in the English language, which are viewed diachronically. Having studied these folk plant names, the author traces similarities and differences in nomination of the same natural realia in typologically distinct languages. Keywords: plant names, common plant names, Finnish, English, motivation based on the habitat of plants, comparative analysis | 2451 | |||||
| 170 | The paper discusses the key issues of the annotation method employed in the project “Lingustically annotated spoken Nganasan corpus”. The data are processed and stored in the EXMARaLDA format. The annotation of the database involves grammatical and part-of-speech tagging (made in Toolbox or Flex), translation into Russian and English. However, the present paper addresses the questions of syntactic roles, and information structure. For this purpose we use the format designed by other researchers and adapted by us to the Nganasan language. In the paper we describe the system of annotation (tags, terms and their clarification) illustrated by a large amount of Nganasan examples. Keywords: Nganasan, annotation, corpus, endangered language, language documentation | 2447 | |||||
| 171 | The aim article to study the cult of fire at Khakases such material manifestation, as a fetish Altyn tös. To achieve this goal presented the following tasks: the definition of him sacred significance and the role in the worldview and ritual practices of this people, an analysis of its external characteristics and the reveal of variations symbolic of design figuration and consideration of ways to interact with this ritual sacred object. The chronological scope of work covers the end of the XIX – mid XX century. The choice of these time limits is caused, first of all, the state of the source base on the study. Selection temporal boundaries are caused primarily by the status of the database sources on the research topic. The main sources are archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on compre-hensive, system-historical approach to the study of the past. Research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, the specific historical and relic. In the worldview and ritual practice Khakases considerable attention was given to fetishism. In traditional consciousness, the fire was endowed with protective and patronizing functions. One of the brightest and most revered idols was Altyn tös. He had a high ritual status, and is always located at the place of honor in the home. It was common belief that largely depends on his favor the preservation of people’s health, well-being of their life and success in economic activities. Derived his sacred role in the spiritual life Khakases contributed to the formation of a special ritual system. It included, both individual and extended family acts of worship. Popular idol contributed to the emergence of different variants of its external image. However, a key marker acted brocade fabric. Keywords: Khakases, tradition, worldview, shamanism, cult, ritual, fetish, tös, Altyn tös | 2444 | |||||
| 172 | The article deals with the historical processes of the formation of a special ethnic community in the north of the Purovsky district of YaNAO. Its base was the native Tundra Nenets and the newcomers Komi-Izhma. The Nenets, who lived on the lower reaches of the river. Pur, known to the Russian pioneers since the 17th century, resisted for a long time the imposition of their ruler Yasak and the construction of forts on the banks of the Taz Bay. The gradual pacification of the Nenets and the rationalization of the Yasak River led to the lower reaches of the Pur being almost completely forgotten by the Russians, and this area became a "bear corner." Only the development of the fishing industry in the second half of the XIX century reawakened the interest of the authorities in this area. Most of the Nenets were engaged in fishing, leaving their few reindeer in herds. This tumultuous activity of fishermen affected the gathering of yasak and led to the decline of local reindeer herding. During the Soviet period, extraordinary measures were taken to revive reindeer herding on the lower reaches of the Pur River. The dispossessed Komi-Izhemtsy from the western regions of Yamal and Khanty-Mansiysk districts were voluntarily and forcibly resettled here, and the Samburg administrative center was built. The active and enterprising Komi-Izhma brought to the lower reaches of the Pur the advanced methods of reindeer grazing developed over decades. Gradually, local Nenets reindeer herders adopted the Komi-Izhma's new skills to run a profitable economy. As the representatives of the two peoples came closer, individual elements of traditional culture were exchanged. The influence of the Komi-Izhemtsy proved to be stronger. Mixed Izhma-Nenets families emerged. The Nenets mastered the language of the Komi-Izhma. Women from mixed families stopped sewing the traditional fur coats and switched to Izhma malitsa, which differed from men only by a hood made of white deerskin. Today, the processes of urbanization and industrial development of the land on the lower reaches of the Pur River affect the daily life of Samburg reindeer herders and fishermen. Nevertheless, the Nenets and Komi-Izhma continue to lead a traditional economy and preserve a unique culture that adapts to new conditions. Keywords: Nenets, Komi-Izhma, Pur River, Samburg, interethnic contacts, reindeer herding | 2435 | |||||
| 173 | The article is the first to give an ethno-linguistic analysis of the theonyms Yezim and Yazhylkan) in the shamanic mythology of the Altaians, taking into account their origin, historical and ethnographic context and cultural semantics. The research material is shamanic texts, written at the beginning of the twentieth century in various dialectal groups of Altaians. In the internal form of these theonyms lies the motivating word jеs / jas ‘copper, copper’ (Yezim – lit. ‘My copper’; Jazhylkan – lit. ‘Copper Khan’). This suggests that the origin of these theonyms is associated with the mythologization of copper and the deification of the mountains. The mythologization of metals and the appearance on the basis of this folklore images is characteristic of archaic cultures. The Altai shamans called Yezim a mountain, as well as the host spirit of this mountain, which they considered their patron saint (aru töc). Altai shamans believed that this copper mountain is located in the very center of the earth, where there is a copper poplar connecting all three worlds – upper, middle and lower. The shaman reaches the mountain peak of Yezim, overcoming seven obstacles. From the deity of Yezim, the shamans received a shamanic gift, spirit helpers, and attributes. The motivating word jеs / jas ‘copper, copper’, which lies in the inner form of the theonym Yazhylkan (Chalkan variant – Tjazhyn), makes it possible to compare this deity with the thunder-god, the patron of blacksmithing in Buryat mythology, Yashil-Sagaan-Tengri. Both Buryats and Chalkans attributed these deities to the category of gods (tengri, tegriler). Altaians was made for this deity an image of a white hare's skin and put it in a yurt. Keywords: ethnolinguistics, mythology, shamanism among the Altaians, shamanic text, theonym, mythonim, mythotoponim, personification, copper in the mythology of the Turks | 2434 | |||||
| 174 | The article considers the problems of the preservation and translation of the Slavic cultural heri tage through the tradition of literacy in connection with a system-forming role of literacy in Slavic culture. The specificity of the written texts and their interaction with culture makes it necessary to analyse the ways and forms of dissemination of cultural heritage through written texts and their cultural content. Discusses the differences between oral and written discourses, especially the generation of the verbal text, the specifics of his understanding, different relations between sender and addressee. When writing there is a division in the perception of speech, which begins to be perceived not only as a sounding word, but also as a visual phenomenon, separated from the reader, “indifferently” him. Analyzes the role of oral and written discourses in the Slavic culture, the perception of a written text and the problems of preservation and dissemination of cultural traditions through the book. The conclusion about the necessity to take into account the specifics of literacy, its existence and the characteristics of perception in the modern Slavic studies book. Keywords: Slavic narrative, written discourse and oral discourse, Church Slavonic language, Liturgy, liturgical text | 2430 | |||||
| 175 | In this article, an ethnolinguistic analysis of 53 names of berry plants in the Yakut language was carried out to determine their methods of formation. Language material was taken by their various lexicographic sources, including botanical dictionaries. The empirical basis of the study was also field and expeditionary observations, dialect records and materials collected by the authors since 2017 in various regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). To determine the lexical value of the roots of the analyzed names, semantic descriptions of lexemes are given from the «Great Thick Dictionary of the Yakut Language» and the «Dictionary of the Yakut Language» by E. K. Pekarskiy. Methods of word-formation analysis are used to identify methods of phytonym formation: search of producing base, extraction of word-formation formant, the establishment of word formation principles. Elements of semantic and morphological analysis of nominations are also used, syntax constructions of complex words (phrases) are considered. Non-derivative lexical units are given etymological characteristics, in some cases, parallels from other languages are given. Borrowed names of berry plants are analyzed in terms of phonetic changes, the same principle of analysis is used relative to dialect units that have converted to the literary norm. Besides, some Yakut bases and reflexes in other related languages are compared in the phonostructural aspect. Biological characteristics of plants are given through descriptive method, as well as explanations of geographical peculiarities of places of growth of studied berry plants are given. It has been established that the main method of nomination of phytonyms, which denote names of berry plants in the Yakut language, his nomination based on several motivational characteristics. It was possible to find out that this principle is based on associative metaphorization, which reveals the attitude of Yakuts to wildlife and reflects the characteristics of the world view of the Sakha people. The availability of borrowing from the Russian language is explained by the general territory of residence of Yakuts and Russians. Phytonyms of Mongolian and Tunguso-Manchurian origins indicate close linguistic contacts of Yakuts with Mongolian tribes and Tunguso-Manchurian peoples, particularly Evens. Keywords: phytonyms, names of berry plants, berries, methods of formation, motivational signs of nomination, Yakut language | 2428 | |||||
| 176 | The publication of the two books is an important event in the indigenous Selkup culture. A survey of indigenous literatures in Russia will show strong common trends, and first of all, the association of human with the nature, awareness of belonging to nature. The two books under review emphasize the love and dedication to nature, native land, desire to preserve and revive possibly the last traces of ethnic heritage. Modern Selkup literature is based on oral folk tradition with its ethnic specifics. It has to be emphasized that these publications have special value as sources of historical and cultural information, as behind the ethnic folk material, there is a wealth of spritual heritage of Selkups, which we are yet to fully comprehend. | 2427 | |||||
| 177 | The article considers mythologema tokens in the Yakut language, which are parts of phraseological units - various names of the Yakut deities, the spirit of fire, the spirit-master of the forest, and also the names of evil and good spirits. An attempt was made to establish their lexical parallels in the related Turkic and Mongolian languages. Within the phraseosemantic field "qualitative and evaluative characteristics of a person" mythologema tokens as part of phraseological units participate in an evaluative description of internal properties – mental qualities, temperament, appearance, age, life experience, abilities, social status, behavior and other qualities of a person. The field organizes the fundamental cultural concept of the PERSON, which reflects the national picture of the world, the system of the most common world representations of native speakers. The comparative-historical method and component analysis made it possible to establish national-specific phraseological units of the Yakut language that do not have parallels in related Turkic languages, which in turn confirms the thesis that the formation of these phraseological units proceeded in the course of its development in conditions of non-contact with the last. At the same time, general and specific phraseological ranks, as well as some Yakut-Khakass, Yakut- Kazakh phraseological parallels were revealed. It is also suggested that the Yakut system of mythological images was subjected to strong Mongolian influence. And the absence of Tungus lexical parallels testifies to the lack of Yakut-Tungus interaction and mutual influence when creating the considered Yakut mythologema tokens. Prospects for the study are seen in the further development of the theoretical basis and methodology of phraseological comparativistics of Turkic languages. Keywords: token, phraseological unit, Yakut language, Turkic languages, phraseosemantic field, Turkic phraseology, history of the language, comparative analysis | 2425 | |||||
| 178 | The article considers derivational possibilities of anthroponymy of Russian and Tatar languages. Names person (personal names, middle names, surnames, nicknames) are part of the lexical system of the language, and therefore appear, are formed and developed in accordance with the common language laws. In the future, these names become a derivation base for the emergence of new anthroponyms and from the antroponimnykh of toponyms… Analysis comparison of similar and unique names of the person and their derivatives, ways and means word creation in different languages allow you to determine the features mentality, identify enter-ethnic contacts. The results of the interaction and mutual influence of different Nations and peoples. Material for observation based on data from sensible and etymological dictionaries of different languages, dictionaries Russian and Tatar names, names. As illustrative material presented archival documents stored in the GUTO «State archive in Tobolsk»; field material that was collected during the dialectological expeditions in rural settlements of the Tyumen regions (2014–2018). Despite the fact that the secondary names are considered in multi-system languages, observations on the material allow you to make conclusions on the existence of universal concepts and General cultural values: due to cultural and historical ties, later formation Tatar surnames passed on those word- formation models, which have developed in the Russian language, and with the help of the same formants; Russian language, from one motivating basis (own name ) can to form the derivatives two and further the names in both languages the derivation base is not only the names, and their qualitative; widely common phonetic variants of the names. Often difficult, and sometimes it is almost impossible to determine the origin of the names of different peoples because of their phonetic harmony. Derived units themselves become the basis for the emergence of tumors – the phenomenon affected not only the surname of different peoples, but also atastrophic names. For the analysis of onomasticon presented in the article, we used descriptive method: observation, generalization and classification of the material. In semantic reconstruction the etymological method was used analysis taking into account phonetic and word-formative aspects. Identity lexical derivation processes formations the onomasticon dissimilar languages is due to community territory. On which they live in close cooperation Russians and Tatars. Keywords: anthroponym, toponym, motivating the base, derivation base, derivational connections, word-formation, Tobolsk guberniya | 2424 | |||||
| 179 | Within the project of Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Accent characteristics of the Selkup language” a number of publications in which we investigated rules of statement of an accent in the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language was prepared (Normanskaya, 2012). In them it was shown that in all southern and central dialects a paradigmatic accent. The place of its statement depends on type of a root and a suffix. In Taz (northern) dialect of the Selkup language it was investigated for a long time. It is arranged essentially differently than in the southern and central Selkup dialects. In article the only verbal form of Taz dialect of the Selkup language, in which authors (OChSYa 1980, is analyzed: 138–141) phonologically significant accent, – an imperative mood is noted. As a result of comparison of rules of statement of an accent in an imperative mood of Taz (northern) dialect and in verbal forms of the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language. In the article it is shown that in 33 cases marking in verbal roots in all Selkup dialects coincides, 6 bases are exceptions. It is represented that existence of exceptions was initially predictable as A. A. Zaliznyak specifies in (Zaliznyak, 1985), any quantity of word forms will always not submit to rules therefore expediency of the description by means of the simple rule of "accent markings" is defined by statistics of the cases submitting to the rule. As it is possible to see from the carried-out analysis, in case of the Selkup language the statistics specifies that an accent in forms of the second person of singular of an imperative of the Taz verbs, really, is a fragment of archaic proto selkup system (OChSYa 1980, assumed: 138–141). In real time after the carried-out reconstruction of an accent on material of the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language manages to be proved this assumption. It becomes clear that in the proto selkup language the roots had accent markings which remained in Tazovsky dialect in the second person of singular of an imperative of the verbs and in forms with plus suffixes in the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language now. The conclusion is that it is possible to reconstruct the system of raznomestny phonologically significant accent and for the Proto Selkup language. Keywords: the Selkup language, Taz dialect, southern and central dialects, accent, comparative-historical linguistics, contemporary records, field researches | 2420 | |||||
| 180 | In Northeastern Eurasia, there are languages that do not have a possession verb ‘have’, and instead use affixation to express the possessive relation. This overview article provides an introduction to the following papers on the proprietive affixes of five languages of Northern Eurasia. The proprietives of the five languages under discussion share some semantic characteristics. They often denote not only simple possession or ownership, but also possession with a special connotation such as specialty or plenty of the possessee or ‘possession at that very moment.’ The proprietives of the five languages have morphosyntactic idiosyncrasy that ordinal derivational suffixes do not. Though the proprietives are basically derivational affixes, the base nouns may still have their autonomy. The five languages have also the abessive forms. Although the abessives are semantically contrastive to the proprietives, morphosyntactically they are not always symmetrical to the proprietives. Keywords: Possession, proprietive, cohesive possession, abessive | 2417 | |||||
| 181 | The article reviewed the category of time in the heroic epic of Mongolian peoples. Basing on the analysis of 27 epics the personal time of hero is considered in the general story-event time context. It was revealed that in general story time, having the property to tighten and stretch, the personal hero time is characterized by hopping movement and at the same time by statics and stability, its structured biographically, distinguished by wholeness and line-return current. The hero time continuum remains open and endless, time length extends into non-textual space. Epics show mythological shamanic worldview with concepts of cyclic life, continuation of the existence of human soul in the time stream. Keywords: Mongolian peoples, heroic epic, story, time category | 2417 | |||||
| 182 | Addressing the issue of establishment of the relationship between the Russian population and natives of Siberia at the initial stage of formation of the power of the Russian state in this territory allows to reveal the prerequisites for the ethnic processes happening in the local ethnic environment in the XVII–XX centuries. The inclusion of local population in the structure of the large state was accompanied by assignment of duties to the population. This sphere was controlled by local administration. In this work we attempt to mark out the features of formation of a management system in Siberia and the extent of the influence of these transformations on internal development of local ethnic groups on the example of the basin of the river Ket which is the territory of traditional residence of the Narym group of Selkups (sussykum). The study of the relationship of the Russian administration with the Selkups of the river Ket revealed its dualism – on the one hand the state initially tried to cause as little harm as possible to traditional life. That is confirmed by the principles of national policy. On the other hand it sought to develop the economic capacity of the region, involving economy of Ket river region in the All-Russian economy. The economic (industrial) development of the territory led to the reduction of the number of the indigenous people, assimilation processes, exogamy, language loss, resettlement to the mixed settlements and acquiring of the Russian way of life. Keywords: the Selkups, the Russians, tribute, the Ket river, administrative division, district, county, parish, foreigners, service people | 2414 | |||||
| 183 | The problem of the trinity in the world as the focus of the Universe, in particular, in the context of epic works, often touched upon in research, in the center of which is the text of the Olonkho – one of the oldest genres of the oral creativity of the Sakha people. The article is discussed the traditional clothing of the Sakha based on the text of the heroic epic Olonkho. The authors focuses on identifying and describing the Olonkho characters, representatives of the three worlds – Upper, Middle and Lower. According to the Yakut mythology, the Universe consisted of three worlds - the Upper, Middle and Lower, located one above the other or floors above one another. In the Middle World, defined implied as the center of the Universe, but it does not have its own, there living people. Here live animals and a variety of supernatural beings. In other worlds live supernatural nature-spirits. As the researchers write, any description of clothes in Olonkho is no accidental, that the clothes of the epic Olonkho can be regarded as a kind of ethnic sign, based on the traditional worldview and conduct of the Yakut people, that common genetic traits with the vast Turkic-Mongolian world have survived, the Yakut ethnos developed many common mythological ideas, rituals, developed a unique, characteristic only to the Yakuts, ways of symbolizing the world, that clothing carries a special sacral ritual function, that form, decoration and symbol of the products of traditional Yakut folk art show a significant influence on the formation of the foundations of the Yakut material and spiritual culture of both local and North American Paleoasians and ancient culture of the nomads of Eurasia. It is established that the text of this Olonkho contains a detailed description of the headdress and its details, types of outerwear (fur coats, coats, etc.) and shoes, which reflects the idea of the inhabitants of the three worlds. In this regard, the epic text serves as a kind of source of reconstruction of the coded informative material. The function of clothing as an indicator of the social status, financial position of its owner is identified. The problem of description considered in this article as part of the traditional Sakha culture in the context of the epic text correlates with the study of the question of who and how works in the simulated space. Keywords: epic; text of the Olonkho; three worlds; clothes; semantics; function; material and spiritual culture | 2414 | |||||
| 184 | Traditional games and competitions of the Kyrgyz people have developed since immemorial time. Among the means of the national system of physical education were heroic competitions, traditional games, outdoor games, intellectual games, entertainment and exercises. Their history, features and status are reflected upon in this article. These games and competitions held a special place in the life of the nomadic Kyrgyz people. They helped the upbringing of children and youth, entertained the audience, carried out military-physical education and served to uphold people's health. In the oral folklore of the Kyrgyz people - epics, historical traditions, genealogy (sanzhyra), fairy tales, the heroic deeds were glorified, and numerous scenes of fights are described. As a rule, heroes-warriors were endowed with great physical strength, spiritual beauty and bravery. Researchers of the traditional games and competitions of the Yenisei Kyrgyz people paid particular attention to the fact that in the Middle Ages, the Kyrgyz people and neighboring peoples cultivated complex multi-athletic sports competitions. Similar integrated sports competitions are traditionally held in subsequent years, for example, integrated sports competitions in national sports and folk games, starting from 1949; All-Union competitions in equestrian sports of collective farmers, members of state farms and stud farms since 1958; international competitions in national sports in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the "Manas" epic, 3000th anniversary of Osh city, 500th anniversary of the hero Kurmanbek, World Nomad Games. The creation of the Center for Development of National Sports (2012), later renamed into the Directorate for Development of National Sports, was very important for further development of national sports and folk games. Over the past five years, the Directorate has done a lot of work to improve its activities and conduct sports competitions. Over time, and especially during the period of sovereignty, traditional games and competitions gained rapid development and international status. They are now an invaluable gift, inherited from wise ancestors and are important in organizing the most interesting competitions in the form of the World Nomad Games. They began to be held periodically every two years on the shores of the sacred Issyk- Kul Lake and they had a brilliant prospect. Keywords: traditional games and competitions, historical information on the development of physical education | 2414 | |||||
| 185 | The article for the first time publishes the results of interdisciplinary research of the hillfort Ust-Tagan, which is part of the Shaitan complex of archeological sites in the south of the Tomsk Region. It is concluded that the site Ust-Tagan in the 10th-13th centuries was a fortified point built near the iron ore deposit for its extraction. The main economy of the population were iron metallurgy and cattle breeding with a horses predominance in the herd. The origin of the ceramic traditions, represented in the materials of the settlement, is to be found in the complexes of the Upper Irtysh Region. The appearance of pastoralists-metallurgists in the Upper Ob River Region, who brought new knowledge about the production of iron, is most likely due to the disintegration of the "Kimako-Kypchak" Confederation and large migrations from the territory of the Upper Irtysh River Region. Keywords: Ust-Tagan Hillfort, Upper Ob River Region, High Middle Ages, Iron Metallurgy | 2413 | |||||
| 186 | The article analyzes metaphorical expressives as units of expressive lexical corpus in the Tuvan language in contrast with the Russian language. We offer our observations regarding expressive lexis formed by the means of semantic derivations. We present a general overview of such units and determine whether metaphorical transfer occurs in Tuvan or not, and list the areas of nomination where it occurs; after that, we analyze similar lexemes in the Russian language. Metaphorical meanings serve as universal means of expression of emotions and social evaluation in Tuvan and Russian. Our study shows that in Tuvan, this method of formation of new meaning definitely exists, 7 models of semantic derivation have been described. Individual traits of Tuvan and Russian world images are defined on the basis of metaphorical expressives. Keywords: metaphor, expressive, semantic derivation, Tuvan, Russian, language world image | 2411 | |||||
| 187 | The article deals with the processes which took place in rural Siberian under the influence of the Great Patriotic war under the conditions of completed collectivization and defarming. It is demonstrated that the deterioration of life conditions of Russian Siberians contributed to the return to traditions of peasant culture of self-sustainability. This tendency is analyzed on the basis of new field research and materials of oral history. The article presents the characteristic of cultural groups of Russians in Siberia and the adaptation of their traditions of making leather, fur and woolen winter clothing and footwear under the conditions of the absence of stock-raising materials. The author introduces the notion of compensating technologies, describes replacement of hides, pelts and wool of live-stock by other materials. The use of by-products of gopher hunting, dog hides and hides of fallen animals for crafting winter peasant clothes and footwear is analyzed in detail. The author makes the conclusion about simplification of technology and manufacturing processes used in raw materials procession and crafting of clothing and footwear in the peasant family, that was an evidence of archaization of elements of self-sustainability culture. The article proves that it led to the disappearance of cultural differences between groups of Russian population of Siberian village, their unification. For example, Siberians replaced traditional leather footwear with bast shoes, which is characteristic of Russian population of central Russia. Attention is paid to innovations in the policies of the Soviet state which supported traditional crafts to ensure self-sustainability of civilians and the repressed population of Siberia with winter clothing essential for their life activities under hard conditions of war time. The turn in the policy of the Soviet state from elimination of peasant's traditions to their support is characterized by the example of regulation of handicraft and cooperative industry manufacturing footwear with wooden soles and wooden footwear for industrial and household purposes. During the war years, under the conditions of mobilization of all stock-raising materials of collective farms and farmsteads for the needs of the army at war, their manufacturing was recommended for providing people in the system of compulsory labor (GULAG labor camps, labor armies), and at enterprises of food industry (butter-making plants, flax-processing plants). The paper reveals the replacement of traditional leather footwear with the soft sole by footwear with the wooden sole among Russian peasants of Siberia during the war time. Keywords: war, rear, Siberia, Russian peasantry, winter clothes and footwear, raw materials, processing and manufacturing technologies, traditions and innovations, state policy | 2410 | |||||
| 188 | The paper examines means of expression of the inchoative in Russian Sign Language. It has been shown that the inchoative can be marked both morphologically and lexically. The choice of inchoative marker is determined by verb’s aspectual class and singleness/iteration of event. The beginning of single event can be expressed by the sign STAND (for statives) and by the sign BEGIN (for activities or accomplishments). The beginning of iterative event can be marked by the sign BEGIN or by the context (structure ‘before it was X, now it is Y’). The most regular markers of the inchoative are verbs BEGIN, BEGIN1, STAND. The verb BEGIN is labile phase verb, in other words it can convey meanings ‘to perform the first or earliest part of some action’, ‘to come into action’. The verb STAND develops the meaning ‘become’ under the influence of Russian spoken language; this sign is basically used as inchoative verb. The sign BEGIN1 conveys special type of inchoative meaning: the action is characterized by further development and improvement. Morphological means of expression of the inchoative are suppletive forms and modification of sign. Most of the modifications contain moving hand or fingers up which is the realization of typical conceptual metaphor ‘beginning is up’. Morphological marking inchoative is not very productive in Russian Sign Language: only few signs have suppletive and modified forms. It is pointed out that synthetic forms of the inchoative are used only for marking beginning of the single situation. Marking inchoative in Russian Sign Language is not obligatory since this meaning can be extracted from context. When context is not enough it can be specified by sign now and structure ‘before it was X, now it is Y’. Keywords: Russian sign language, inchoative, phase verbs | 2409 | |||||
| 189 | The term "community justice" encompasses a variety of institutions for conflict resolution and regulation of social behavior according to the norms prescribed by communities. This phenomenon is almost as old as the human society itself – it probably arose during the transition from the tribal community to the neighbor and had been existing until the formation of the nation-state in the Modern Age, and in many countries of the "third world" it is still existing nowadays. Notwithstanding this fact, the topic of community justice remains poorly studied in legal anthropology, especially in Russia. The main purpose of the article is to formulate basic provisions of the concept of community justice based on historical and ethnographic data. The author proposes a definition of the notion of "community justice", identifies the prerequisites for the emergence and preservation of this phenomenon. Further, he defines the basic elements of community justice, that is, sustainable social and mental structures that constitute institutional basis of the phenomenon, as well as the principles that determine its basic characteristics and features of functioning. In the final part of the article some controversial issues are discussed, such as the legal nature of community justice and its institutional structure. The arguments are presented in favor and against the position that community justice has a different legal nature than the state (dualism of the judicial power). Keywords: justice, community, community justice, legal pluralism, customary law, community law, legal anthropology | 2409 | |||||
| 190 | The article concerns the description of relevant characteristics in conceptualization of the atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow) in the Russian language and in the Selkup language. There are series of the lexemes representing atmospheric precipitation in Russian and in the Selkup dialects. These various lexemes represent different rain characteristics, the dynamic of the precipitation (the beginning/ the end, intensification or abatement). In the Selkup language, semi-suffixes are used to represent the precipitation components, while in the Russian language suffixes are used. Such suffixes are normally the means to code singular, on the other hand, they are used to denote the form and size of the object. The different precipitation stages are objectified in the Russian and in the Selkup languages with the help of the verbs of motion. The usage of the verbs of motion with inanimate objects is not common for Taz dialect of Selkup, while in the central and southern Selkup dialects the verbs of motion are combined freely with the lexical units denoting precipitation, which is also true for Russian. The precipitation intensity, the size of the drops, the dynamics, the duration and the amount of precipitation are the most relevant characteristics of the rain, snow and hail in linguistic conceptualization of Selkup and Russian speakers. The falling snow is opposed to the fallen snow in the Selkup language. The contemplative attitude to precipitation, seen as possibly influencing the emotional state, is more common for the Russian cultural frame. Keywords: atmospheric precipitation, worldview, conceptual characteristic, Selkup, Russian | 2408 | |||||
| 191 | The article deals with the graphical system of a Western Khanty manuscript — the Russian-Khanty dictionary created by the priest Vologodsky (1842). The language of this manuscript has not been described in detail so far; there is only some information about its history. I describe the inventory of graphical symbols used in the dictionary and discuss possible phonological correspondences for each of them in comparison with the data from the contemporary dialects of Western Khanty. The dictionary by Vologodsky has some features from Obdorsk and Berezovo dialects; different elements of the graphical (and phonological) system can show the characteristics of various dialects (thus, in many examples the letters о and а are mixed, which may correlate with the distribution of the phonemes /ɔ/ and /a/ in the Obdorsk dialect, but with few exceptions there is no mixing of the letters ш and с / the phonemes /š/ and /s/, which would be expected in the Obdorsk dialect). For some cases we may, however, suggest that the graphical system of the manuscript does not show some of the existing phonological oppositions (cf. no graphical differentiation for the phonemes /a/ and /ă/ consistently distinguished in Western Khanty). Another issue is the marking of word stress, in particular when it falls on the non-first syllables, and the use of two different symbols for word stress: the primary and the most frequent one, and the secondary one occurring on function words, and also on some content words. Keywords: Khanty, manuscripts, graphics, phonetics, word stress | 2408 | |||||
| 192 | The intonation of the Teleut utterances is under consideration in this work: Кижи эзенjит. – ‘The man thinks’. – [kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt]Салқын қаақjит. – ‘The wind blows’. – [salkъn qa:qjɨt], Кижи эзенjит пa? – ‘Does the man think?’ – [kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt pa], Салқын қаақjит пa? – ‘Does the wind blow?’ – [salkъn qa:qjɨt pa], Неденааре кижи эзентит? – ‘What does the man think about?’ – [nεdεna:rε kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt], Каани салкын каақтит? – ‘Where does the wind blow?’ – [ka:nI salkъn ka:qjɨt], which were pronounced by 10 Teleut speakers, who live in the village Bekovo, Belovo district, Kemerovo region. We analyzed the phrases by help of computer programs Speech Analyzer 3.01 and Wave Assistant using audiovisual method and relying on speaker’s perception. Keywords: Turk languages, the Teleut language, intonation, speech prosody, linguistic universals, speech perception | 2406 | |||||
| 193 | In this article, on a wide factual material addresses the issue of entry into the culture of the Selkups of flour and bread as food. Comparative cross-cultural analysis of ways to use flour and making bread: information from Selkup are compared with data collected from people living in adjacent territories – Vasyugan, Wachowski, Yugansk Khants, North (the fans) Selkups, kets, Nenets and other peoples of Western Siberia. The result of the study were the following conclusions: firstly, the widespread of bread in the culture of the Selkups refers to the period of settlement of the Narym Russian (XVII century); secondly, which appeared as an innovation, the bread has a firm place in the system of their traditional culture and production, life-supporting, social normative. Keywords: flour, bread, traditional culture, power system, baking oven, hearth bread, middle Ob Selkup, Vasyugan-Vakh Khanty | 2402 | |||||
| 194 | The article deals with the research of a secular and sacral role of river in the linguistic world-view of the Selkup ethnos. The article studies the names of river in the Selkup language dialects and semantic types of hydronyms; analyses space orientation connected with river; describes a mythopoetic image of river in the language and folk tradition of the Selkups. The Selkup language dialects have a large number of water bodies’ names, which contain information on their form, size and location. The structure of hydronyms has the information on form, landscape and size of water bodies, availability of fish, birds and wild animals and connection with religious beliefs. The Selkup language contains adverbs characterizing space orientation regarding the course of a river: up and down (the stream), and adverbs characterizing the direction of movement in water to the coast and direction of movement on the coast to the water. River is the most important spatial reference for the Selkups and one of the focal points in the space. In the Selkup mythology river plays a role of an “axis” of the universe and world-view, which penetrates the upper, middle and lower worlds. Ethnographic and linguistic data prove that the Selkups perceived river as a living being. The role of river is manifest most representatively in the lexical unit qwej ‘river’, which is used to denote any river and completely coincides in form with the word ‘breath’. River is a source of life, spatial reference, universe model and a live being for the Selkup people. Keywords: Selkup language, universe model, linguistic world-view, river, hydronym, space orientation | 2401 | |||||
| 195 | This article deals with the etymology of the most common verbs in the Mari (meadow) language. Since there are no ready-made lists of this kind in scientific and pedagogical sources, it was necessary to compile one. This task was accomplished with the help of corpora data. The list of the 100 most frequent verb stems in Mari was compiled based on the most extensive online corpus of the standard Mari language – “Mari Meadow Texts” on the Korp platform in two versions: 1) the full corpus (57.38 million tokens) and 2) its two sub-corpora – fiction and non-fiction (7.1 million tokens). These lists are 90% similar. The etymologies of Mari verbs were compiled according to the best etymological dictionaries by K. Rédei, G. Bereczki, and M. Räsänen. For the 100 most frequent verbs, the ratio of indigenous Finno-Ugric vocabulary to loanwords from Chuvash, Tatar, and Russian was determined. The vocabulary of Uralic and Finno-Ugric origin make up the largest share – from 56–59% (for roots and stems) to 69–70% (for tokens). Original Mari words and words with unclear etymology – 14–22%, loanwords from Turkic languages – 15–22%. There are more Chuvash borrowings than Tatar. Among the loanwords from Turkic, mental verbs predominate, indicating the Turkic world’s significant cultural and humanitarian influence on the Finno-Ugrics (Mari). Among the 100 most frequent verbs in the Mari language, there is only one verb of Russian origin - šotlaš ‘to count.’ However, it is possible that this word entered the Mari language via Chuvash, as Chuvash has šutla ‘to count.’ This study’s results confirm that verbs in a language are more resistant to borrowing than nouns. The compiled top 100 most frequent Mari verbs can be used for linguistic research and teaching and learning the Mari language. Keywords: verbs, frequency, frequency dictionary, corpora studies, Mari language, Finno-Ugric languages, Turkic languages, loanwords, semantics of borrowings, etymology, Ural-Volga region | 2397 | |||||
| 196 | The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the name-bearing and the name of naming in the pagan movements of modern Russia. The principles of the choice and appropriation of the sacred name as a means of self-expression and self-identification of new pagans, their distancing from the current, traditionally formed on the basis of the Orthodox culture of the namesake, are explored. It is established that the onomastic space of neo-paganism does not repeat and does not overlap with the ancient pagan nomenclature. Focusing on the traditional pagan onomasticon, modern paganism reflects their own preferences in choosing a name. The choice of anonym and rite of naming are determined by the new conditions of existence and the relations of the spiritual world of modern man. The predominant names are, as a rule, a complex structure, with positive semantics. The axiological markers of the phenomenon of modern paganism are the concepts of goodness, light, glory, ethical categories, reassessment of one's own worldview, and worldview through the prism of a new name. The name, in the respondents' opinion, determines the changes in their lives, helps to broaden their horizons, self-knowledge, improve the quality of life. Acting as a social, cultural and individual marker, the new name is a means of self-identification not only of its individual bearers but of new pagan communities in general. The onomastic space of modern paganism unites the representatives of neo-paganism of any variant, current, sense, allowing to recognize "one's own" and "others" – others that are not related to modern paganism. Keywords: modern Russian paganism, onomastic space, rite, naming, sacredness, self-identification, questionnaire | 2393 | |||||
| 197 | According to a hypothesis put forward by E. A. Helimski, the paradigmatic alternation of root vowels (ablaut) in Khanty results from the influence of second syllable vowels, themselves partially lost already in Proto-Khanty. Helimski’s internal reconstruction of these vowels – ablaut triggers *I, *II, *U and *AA – is convincing, but their Uralic origins remain unknown. The purpose of the present article is to investigate the origins of one of these vowels – the ablaut trigger *I. This vowel is found in four suffixes: 1) a suffix deriving adjectives from local nouns, 2) a suffix of denominal nouns, 3) a suffix of deverbal nouns, and 4) coaffix of possessive forms in kinship terms. The locative adjective suffix and the possessive coaffix have reliable counterparts in other Uralic languages. The locative adjective suffix *-I has cognates in Mansi, Permic, and Samoyedic. These cognates allow us to reconstruct the Proto-Uralic locative adjective suffix as *-ji. The coaffix of the possessive forms in kinship terms *-I- has parallels in Mari, Udmurt, Hungarian, and Selkup. We can suppose that Proto-Uralic had a distinct series of possessive affixes for kinship terms, that differed from usual possessive affixes by having attached a coaffix *-j- before 1st and 2nd person markers. Keywords: Uralic languages, Ob-Ugric languages, historical phonology, morphological reconstruction, Proto-Uralic | 2391 | |||||
| 198 | The article is devoted to the linguoculturological examination of Khakass proverbs and sayings in order to identify and describe the image of a hardworking / lazy person in the Khakass proverbial picture of the world. The material for analysis was about one hundred units of paremias with the corresponding semantics, collected by the author, mainly from the collection “Хыйға сöс. The Wise Word” (2014), also for the comparison there are the paremias of other nations. It is revealed that a hardworking person in the Khakass language consciousness is a reliable, conscientious, diligent, thorough worker. Thanks to his hard work, he provides food for himself and his family. In the paremias describing labor as a source of wealth, a unit of чағ “salo” is usually present. The image of a lazy person is marked by evaluations signs such as stupidity, a tendency to sleep, a sedentary lifestyle, an empty, aimless waste of time, living and eating at someone else's expense. However, in the popular consciousness it is not perceived at all as a hopeless and lost person, as proverbs display, warning about the negative consequences of laziness, and have an educational character. Moreover, the Khakass attitude to the manifestation of laziness is severe and uncompromising, and we have not recorded a single paremia justifying this human vice. Paremias constitute a separate layer, revealing the contrasting evaluative characteristics of two types of people — hardworking and lazy, which allows listeners to clearly perceive the implicit instructive codes of folk wisdom. We believe that the conceptual space of a hardworking / lazy person in the Khakass language has good cognitive and linguocultural potential for future research. Keywords: image of a hardworking / lazy person, proverbs and sayings, folk wisdom, concept, content, Khakass language | 2391 | |||||
| 199 | This paper analyzes some of the aspects of Western-Europe’s anti-Semitism. A retrospect of the ethnical treatment of Jews in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union of the 1920s–1940s, the paper focuses on the way the Jewish national character is represented in pre-revolutionary and Soviet cinema. The pre-revolutionary Russian cinema, featuring mainly melodramatic storylines, makes the audience feel sympathy for the Jewish misfortune, thus suggesting the viewers to see the Jew as a fellow man. In contrast, the Soviet cinema depicts the traditional Jewish way of life, representing the Jewish involvement in the February Revolution of 1917, partly portraying the events of Jewish resettlement in the Crimea, as well as the resettlement of Jews in the Far Eastern Jewish Autonomous Region. Keywords: national identity, Jewish national character, antisemitism, the traditional Jewish way of life depicted in the pre-revolutionary Russian cinema, the Jewish involvement in the Russian Revolution as portrayed in the Soviet cinema, Jewish resettlement (in th | 2390 | |||||
| 200 | This article aims at discovering basic strategies of predicative possession formation in Selkup dialects. It is an integral part of a current typological project that examines the verbalization of the notion/concept of predicative possession in the Ob-Yenisei linguistic area. After Stassen (2009, 2013), we give prominence to formal criteria based on the syntactic encoding of Possessor and Possessee instead that to semantic ones. According to Stassen, the predicative possessive constructions observed in the languages of the world can be reduced to five syntactic patterns only. Four construction strategies are found in Selkup dialects although only locational possessive and Genitive possessive occupy the central part in this system while two other strategies belong to the periphery: [Possessor-LOC + V.ex. + Possessee] (Locational Possessive) [Possessor-GEN + Possessee + V.ex.] (Genitive Possessive). [Possessor + Possessee-COM.INSTR + V.ex.] (Conjunctional Possessive). [Possessor + V.tr. + Possessee] (Have-Possession). In conclusion, we can state that, in the case of Selkup, in expressions of ‘having’ the Possessor is given emphasis and the predicate is a transitive verb, while in expressions of ‘belonging’ the Possessee is given emphasis and the predicate is copular. Keywords: dialects of the Selkup language, predicative, locative, genitive comitative, transitive possessive | 2390 | |||||
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