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| 251 | In a wide sense diamorphism can be determined as a losing genetic uniformity by a language i.e. monolingualism of its idiom. Being a heterogeneous (polyglossic) language due to its resources the contemporary German contains layers of heterolingual means functioning in the German literary speech synchronously as diglossic variants of stylistically different values, eg.: posten – veröffentlichen, Coverstory – Titelgeschichte. Concerning the diglossy of the type „German vs. (American) English“ resulting from the exoglossic language situation in Germany since 1945 the diamorphism tendency can be characterized as a preferring heterogeneous (English) variants to autochthonous ones by speakers. In a narrow sense diamorphism is opposite to isomorphism and is manifested in prevailing of foreign resources over German ones in separate lexical-semantic groups or discourses. Diamorphism tendencies in contemporary German within an invasive borrowing of Anglo-Americanisms are detected by deriving the exoglossic index that explicate a grade of a certain intralinguistic sublevel’s subsystems to be susceptible to the influence of a donor language and is a quotient of the total of a sublevel means ({х} underlevel) and the quantity of Anglo-American borrowings detected ({х}АА): Iэкз={x}подуровень/{x}АА The exoglossic index under 0,5 displays an inconspicuous infiltration of Anglophonic material and isomorphic functioning of a sublevel. A figure above 0,5 explicates a diamorphism tendency in a certain lexical sphere. Keywords: diamorphism, resource heterogeneity, isomorphism, contemporary German, exoglossic index, density of lexical and grammatical invasiveness | 2182 | |||||
| 252 | The study of the phenomenon of anadiplosis is an urgent research task. Semantic analysis of epic language units were conducted while dictionary definitions, while identifying anadiplosis in the text of the Yakut heroic epic "Mighty Er Sogotokh" of V. O. Karataev. To identify with sufficient completeness the variety and diversity of means of cohesion expressed by anadiplosis in the text of Olonkho, the decomposition of anadiplosis to the elements was performed with the help of component analysis. The verification method is used for linguistic units to establish the truth of ontological information concerning the problem of cohesion in the evolution of the epic narrative. The direct nominative meaning of the linguistic units of the Yakut language is taken to reflects the main components of the analyzed structure, and contributes to the explication of the unit’s actualization in the context. The semantic-cognitive analysis using cognitive interpretation of anadiplosis reveals the venture point of the narrator and the audience on the epic reality, epic articulation of time and space. Retrospective and prospective analysis of the examples has been used to describe and classify aspects of anadiplosis in Olonkho. The general method of research is inductive-deductive, i.e. as a result of the analysis of language data, theoretical conclusions are made. In consequence of the study it is determined that anadiplosis in the text of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, represents the contact cohesion, and is one of the main means of effective communication, explicit in the surface structure of the text: at the junction of the main epic narrative and its complement. They are generated by the epic scale of the text and are a clear evidence of the nonlinearity of epic narrative, as also evidenced by the simulated schemes of anadiplosis. It was also revealed that anadiplosis is formed through repetition and verbal repetition in conjunction with demonstratives: ol / ool, bu. All considered examples consist of two complementary terms, which are discrete structures. In the classification of anadiplosis we can distinguish three main types: retrospective, conditionally medial and prospective, where the main principle of classification is the temporal focus of anadiplosis. Keywords: Olonkho, catching up, junction, anadiplosis, cohesion, repetition, retrospective anadiplosis, medial anadiplosis, prospective anadiplosis, return anadiplosis | 2182 | |||||
| 253 | On the basis of the review of scientific literature and archive materials that also include the material that is being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time, the fundamental principles are presented these principles concerning the questions of ethnic identity of the Yukaghir of Yakutia were elaborated by the members of the important research initiatives in the XIX – beginning of XXI century. In connection to this there has been made an analysis on dynamics of scholars on the status of a number of markers, that include “purity of blood”, the level of proficiency in the native language, distinctness of anthropogenic activities and culture, self-consciousness. The “negative” trend has been predominating through much of the studied period, that was established by the scholars during estimation of the perspectives of the Yukaghir people’s existence in the rapidly changing environment and their preservation of the ethnic distinctness. The accumulated research material on steady degradation of a complex of objective signs which was firstly conditioned by the intense assimilation processes and then by the processes of globalization was the basis for this approach. At the same time, the significant changes were noted in the approaches used by scholars; these changes happened in the last decades and they have been accompanied by the increased attention to the subjective factors in functioning of ethnic identity of the Yukaghir. Moreover, the significant role of scholars’ activities in designing the ethnic selfconsciousness of the modern Yukaghirs is noticed. Keywords: Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic, Yukaghirs, Yakutia, scientific researches, expeditions, ethnic identity, assimilation | 2180 | |||||
| 254 | Research revealed the metaphors of seeing and receptions of mythological images of death in modern culture. These metaphors and images were the key point of understanding of links between seeing (vision) and knowledge, between seeing as ability to see the natural and supernatural phenomena and seeing as a way for fixing of the relations between life and death in traditional and modern cultures. Clearing of the basic ideas, which were the cornerstone of mythological legends of the southeast Slavs and reflected in fiction and motion picture art, showed a key role of the memory and imagination, structures of consciousness that provide storage, broadcasting and reproduction of ethnocultural heritage. Tracking of the communications between representations created by east Slavs gave the chance to track receptions of mythological legends in Gogol’s works, in film statements of these works and through them – in modern mass culture. The revealed receptions of Slavic antiquity in modern culture actualized a question of mutual crossings of the mythological ideas created by ancient Slavs and the mythological images, which arose in Antiquity. Keywords: mythology, death, ancient Slavs, modern mass culture, cultural heritage, ethnic identity, literature, cinema, Antiquity | 2179 | |||||
| 255 | The paper deals with functioning of the analytical additive marker əč̣ʼjə / jəč̣ʼjə in the Temirgoy dialect of West Circassian (also known as Adyghe) and the Kuban dialect of Kabardian and analyses some morphosyntactic parameters, which serve to differentiate its various functions. According to the hypothesis we propose, the marker əč̣ʼjə / jəč̣ʼjə, which originally had exclusively additive functions or functions of the marker of coordination, has developed new pragmatically oriented meanings (contrast, emphasis in negation, etc.). Such pragmaticalization seems to have been accompanied not only by optional phonetic erosion which resulted in the appearance of a new additive clitic but also by the word order change, which presumably can be related to other typological features of the Circassian languages. Keywords: Circassian, West Circassian, Adyghe, Kabardian, additive, coordination, pragmaticalization, grammaticalization, word order | 2178 | |||||
| 256 | A sociolinguistic experiment was conducted to determine the extent of the presence of purist and contaminated doublets, as well as Russicisms in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language. The analysis showed that there is a significant connection between the belonging of the subjects to a particular social group and certain mechanisms for constructing language samples in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language. The intelligentsia of the Surgut Khanty gravitates towards purist tendencies, using the phonetic, lexical and morphological potential of the Surgut dialect, and tries to avoid contamination and pure Russification for linguistic processing of borrowings from the Russian language. Pupils and students actively use the principles of Russification, not being convinced supporters of the purist approach and not attaching much importance to contamination in the transfer of borrowings from the Russian language. To transfer borrowings Surgut Khanty, living in camps and lands, do not attach much importance to the puristic imperative of their linguistic form. At the same time they realize the alienation of the complete Russification of borrowed tokens and use the principle of contamination when adapting borrowed words in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language. Keywords: Khanty language, Surgut dialect, Russicism, loanwords, purism, contamination | 2176 | |||||
| 257 | The article deals with the traditional Mari games like hide and seek and blind man’s buff in which the catching man is called a bear. The distribution area of these games, their seasonal and ritual timing is detected. A previously unpublished material from the manuscript archive of MarSRILLH (Yoshkar- Ola) is introduced.The correspondences to this character in the games of the Finno-Ugric peoples, Turks and Russians of the Ural-Volga region are established. The article includes an analysis of the etymology of the Mari word maskа ‘bear’, examines the available versions and sets out additional data, including an indication of the correspondence of the Mari bear name (the main dialect forms maska, mas’ka > mäskä; meskä> möskä) to Russian dialect words meaning sheep (mas’ka, mis’ka). Such a naming logic is explained by the prohibition of words meaning wild animals and the metonymic shift of semantics (sheep – wool – bear). The structure of the relationship between this Mari zoonym (historical form aba maska ‘bear’) and the name of a typologically similar character in the Bashkir game – mäskäi-äbei ‘grandma glutton’ is analyzed. Keywords: folk games, game lexics in Mari, Finno-Ugric languages, Turkic languages of the Ural-Volga region, Russian dialects, borrowing, inter-ethnic interaction, language contacts, characters of folklore | 2176 | |||||
| 258 | The article describes the main methods of word formation in the language of Forest Yukaghirs based on the analysis of the word-formation nest with the top chie ‘cold’ in the derivational-semantic aspect. It is shown that this word-formation nest belongs to the number of macro nests, consisting of a large number of derivatives, is strongly developed and have multi-step levels (forms four degrees of derivation, each of which contains from 3 to 9 derivatives, and contains 24 members). It’s identified word-formation paradigms and lines of this word-formation nest. It is shown that on the paradigmatic level a word-formation nest with a top chie ‘cold’ is represented by 6 paradigms, on the syntagmatic level – by 18 word-formation lines, representing a series of single-root words connected by consistent motivation relationships. The word formation lines of this word formative nest are both binary and polynary, containing from two to five components. Derivatives of the derivational nest are specified, the meanings of the derivational affixes of each derivative are indicated. The characteristic is given to partial-specific features of a word-formation nest with a top chie, which includes units of different parts of speech such as a noun, verb, qualitative verb, action name, inter-word word, adverb. Using the example of a word-formation nest with a top chie ‘cold’, it is shown that the word-formation of nouns in the Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language can occur through lexicalization of word combinations. Since there are no word-formation dictionaries in the Yukaghir language, the creation of lexicographic descriptions of the Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language is a very relevant direction in Yukaghir linguistics. Studying the composition and structure of the word-formation nest will allow us to understand the structure of the word-formation of the Yukaghir language as a whole, to identify the word-formation potential of a different words, to determine, clarify or reveal the semantics of a word-formation affix. Keywords: The Yukaghir language, Kolyma dialect, forest yukaghirs, word-formation family, meaning, stage of word formation, paradigm, word-formation lines | 2172 | |||||
| 259 | The paper reviews the features of articaulation of palatal vowel harmony in Ondugaj and Ust-Kan idioms of Altai-Kizhi dialects. The analysis of experimental-instrumental data demonstrates that algorythms of production of Turkic velar harmony (consistently articulated in Ondugaj idiom) are not maintained in the articulatory-acoustic base of the Ust-Kan idiom speakers. Vowel harmony as a dominant typological feature, largely defining the phonetic make-up of the whole word, and consistent with the idealized harmonic model, has various articulatory specifics in each Turkic language. This articulatory variation adheres to strict systemic processes and mutual conditioning by segmental and suprasegmental levels. The main explanatory features are to be found in the historic aspects of individual languages, in their inter- and intraethnic interactions affecting the articulatory-acoustic bases of shaping the respective phonetic-phonological systems. Keywords: Turkic languages of Siberia, palatal vowel harmony, consonants, experimental phonetics, MRI, digital X-ray diagnostics | 2171 | |||||
| 260 | The article presents a fragment of linguistic analysis of monuments of early Komi-Permyak writing — the manuscripts of Archpriest Antony Popov (1748–1788), which are dated 1785 and are currently known as the first fundamental works on Permyak linguistics — grammar sketch and two dictionaries — alphabetical and thematic. These manuscripts have not yet been published and have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of current study is to identify and analyze markers of inflectional grammatical meanings in the Komi-Permyak language of the late 18th century based on the material of the A. Popov’s dictionaries. Markers of Komi-Permyak inflectional grammatical meanings of the following categories are considered in comparative and areal aspects: a) number of nouns and adjectives, b) case, c) personal possessiveness, d) tense. Most of them are identical to modern grammatical forms and grammatical meanings, but there are also interesting features. The plural suffix of the noun is represented in the A. Popov’s manuscripts by a more archaic variant [jɛs] (cf modern [ɛz]). It was recording still in the second half of the 20th century in various dialects of the Komi language continuum, mainly peripheral. The manuscripts contain a wide range of case markers: along with the nominative, there are ten more case forms (seven of them are local cases that implement spatial semantics, the so-called internal and external cases). Inflectional markers with their own meanings are “hidden” within adverbs, serial postpositions and partly numerals. The marker of abessive case is designed as a separate dictionary entry as a preposition. Attention is drawn to the grammatical marker of the prolative case -ты [tɨ] — in the modern Komi-Permyak language, the semantics of this case is realized by the form -öт [ɘt]. Markers of the category of personal possessiveness presented in the manuscripts are similar to modern semantic and grammatical markers. This inflectional category is implemented by the suffixes -мъ [m ] (-е [e]), -тъ [t ], -съ [s ], -нымъ [nɨm ], -нытъ [nɨt ], -нысъ [nɨs ] (cf modern -ö [ɘ] ‘my’, -ыт [ɨt] ‘your (SG)’, -ыс [ɨs] ‘his’, -ным [nɨm] ‘our’, -ныт [nɨt] ‘your (PL)’, -ныс [nɨs] ‘their’). Inflectional forms of verbs recorded in A. Popov’s dictionaries demonstrate present, future, past I and past II tenses. A fragment of compound future tense is shown. It was not possible to detect at least elements of the analytical past tense (perfect). The markers of all these tenses are identical to the corresponding markers in the modern Komi-Permyak language. This article is not only a contribution to the study of the Finno-Ugric manuscript heritage, but also a modest step towards the development of a historical grammar of the Komi-Permyak language. Keywords: Komi-Permyak language, manuscripts of the 18th century, grammar, dictionaries, markers of inflectional grammatical meanings, number, case, personal possessiveness, tense | 2171 | |||||
| 261 | The ethnographic description of national food the Komi’s vymskikh reflecting features of subethnic and religious character is presented in article. Ecological habit and economic activity predetermined grain and meat and dairy type of food with preservation of a share of trade production. In a grocery set three layers determined by time of inclusion in a food allowance are emitted. The main layer is presented by grain and vegetable crops, meat and a game, dairy and fish products. The basis of food was made by groat soups and porridges that were reflected in the collective name of food “soup porridge”. Bakery products differed in wealth and a variety. The everyday menu, except grain crops, included meat and dairy, fish dishes and a game, with small inclusions of vegetables and wild plants that testifies to the balanced food. Though meat and dairy and fish dishes not often appeared on a table that was connected with practice of observance of Christian posts which number reached over 200 days in a year. However the collective name of food meaning full life was defined how “with fish meat to live”. Substratny layer reflects earlier existing system of economy and is presented by wild plants which provided a vitamin component of a food allowance and brought a variety the menu. Last in time layer is connected with trade development, purchased products compensated for the deficiency of grocery raw materials. For the vymskikh of the Komi the thrice hot meals that were provided with existence by the Russian wind furnace were characteristic. The food was cooked in the Russian furnace early in the morning and remained there till the evening that allowed giving food hot at each reception. The balanced menu, is hotter than food and observance of the mode of meal acted as pledge of preservation of health. Keywords: Komi (Zyrians), vymsky Komi, grocery raw materials, traditional dishes | 2169 | |||||
| 262 | The paper first considers the specifics of color designations in the Altai mythological discourse. The factual material of the research was published and unpublished folklore texts, in particular, myths, legends, tales, shamanistic campaigns in the Altai language. The color code is important in the conceptualization of the mythological picture of Altaians. The national-cultural specificity of color designations in the mythological discourse is due to their compatibility with concepts-nominations, designating various objects and phenomena of the invisible world. Color designations can be the first component of naming the various names of supernatural beings, deities, spirits, or their clothes. The basic colors revealed in the traditional mythological picture of Altaians — ak “white”, kara “black”, kyzyl “red”, sary “yellow”, kÿreң “brown”, kök “blue” and jazhyl “green” — in the conceptualization of mythological, mythical images, objects of the unreal (invisible) world on the basis of their deepest archetypal signs that arose as a result of associative-metaphorical transfer. In combination with mythological concepts related to the Upper World, white is a sign of divine purity, holiness, blue is a sign of heaven, green is a sign of greenery and lighted sky, red and yellow are a sign of the shining sun. In combination with the mythological images of the Lower World, black as the antipode of white symbolizes darkness, death, red symbolizes blood, hellish hell, yellow means withering, disease, evil, blue means cold, ice, water, green — dim light in darkness. When mythological archetypes were refracted into the system of folk ethics, the transformation of the signs “light — dark” into the signs “good — evil” occurred. In addition to the color code, the zoomorphic code of the Altai culture is used in the conceptualization and structuring of the mythological other world, in the modeling of its geographical landscape and the conceptualization of the world. Keywords: ethnolinguistics, Altai language, color code, color designation, conceptualization, conceptual sign, myth, mythological picture of the world, mythological concept, mythonym | 2169 | |||||
| 263 | This article discusses the problem of interpretation of the cultural heritage of the Slavs within tour guiding activity of the First Museum of Slavic mythology. Interactive methods of work with tourists, as well as methods for engaging in joint action are analysed herein. Construction of the historical past in general and spiritual culture of the Slavs in particular is performed through the interpretation of works of art from the collection of the Museum. The museum's mission is not mainly focused on organisation of an interesting exhibition, but mainly on visitor engagement and exchange. Such task is carried out by means of specific techniques of revealing the content via interactive methods, when dialogical relationships are built between a visitor and an exposition, and methods of participation, when people simulate the surrounding reality themselves. Interactivity is achieved by creating a layer parallel to the conventional exposition. This layer includes models that can be touched and the so-called hands-on activities. For example, during the tour called “Native Gods and Heroes” visitors learn about the model of a traveling forge. They blow bellows, raise sledgehammer and put on a protective apron. Due to such hands-on activities museum visitors develop an understanding of how metal was forged in ancient times. Successful methods of immersion into the past are related to traditional crafts and participation in game practices where guests dress up, sing folk songs, dance in a round and taste traditional cuisine. In such projects it is crucial to give people an opportunity to be not only “consumers” or target audience, but also contributors to decision-making and organisation of cultural events, in other words, to the process of under-standing and realisation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Slavic cultural heritage, cultural heritage interpretation, museum pedagogics, guiding activity, museum exposition | 2167 | |||||
| 264 | Under conditions of high intensity world of information and communication processes in politics, economics, society issue planned formation, positioning and broadcast the image of Belarus is particularly acute and timely. At present, the necessary and urgent is the study of social and cultural space of the Internet social networks that influence the formation and development of such phenomena as social consciousness, society, state. The report raised the problem of the formation of the cultural image of Belarus with the help of social networking Internet. The importance of the role of social networks in the study of this problem is confirmed by their purposeful influence on the process of social development at the moment. Keywords: Internet, social networks, image of the state, culture, social media, law, government, presentation | 2166 | |||||
| 265 | The languages of the Ob-Yenissei linguistic area: Eastern Khanty, Southern Selkup, Chulym Turkic, Teleut and Ket are all underdescribed and highly endangered idioms (the total number of speakers of Southern Selkup, Eastern Khanty and Chulym Turkic is under 20 each, while Ket speakers number under 100, and Teleut – under 1 000). The study of possession in the languages of the area has not been complete, the existing works on this topic do not cover a wide range of functions and types of possessive constructions attested in these languages. There are very few studies of possession based on the data of these languages performed within a modern typological perspective taking into consideration the most recent typological parameters for the study of possession. The new project of Tomsk Department of Siberian Indigenous Languages sposnsored by Russian Fund for Humanities aims at designing a typology of possession for the underdescribed and highly endangered languages of Western Siberia, Ob-Yenniseic river basin, in particular. The project focuses on creating a “typological portrait” of these languages: the description of a wide range of possessive constructions in structurally diverse and genetically unrelated/remotely related languages of the Ob-Yenniseic area. The research focuses on both adnominal possession and predicative possession, the study of which will be performed within a general typological perspective, grammaticalization theory, information structure theory, and will cover the pragmatic aspects of possession. Being a universal category, possession does not have universal ways of manifesting possessive relations in languages: the languages of the world demonstrate a variety of means for marking possessive relations (lexical, morphological, syntactic means). Besides formal variation, possessive constructions have various functions and meanings: ownership, part-whole, kinship, associative possession, and pragmatic functions such as definiteness/indefiniteness. Keywords: possession typology morphosyntax types of possessive marking semantics of possession endangered languages of Ob-Yenisseic Area | 2165 | |||||
| 266 | The article is devoted to the description of the sacrificial complex in honor of the deity Mirsusne-khum, which was recorded during the field work in 2015 in the Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous district-Yugra. The complex consists of cover and a heroic helmet, both attributes of the Ob Mansi made from cloth. Dating of the objects held by him attached to the coins and determined the 1920s–1930s are the analogs described previously, the author proposes his own version of the semantics of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, which are presented at the cover and helmet. The iconography of the Heavenly horseman in the giant helmet reflects the era in which it was made: the figure of a deity endowed with the equipment and apparel specific to the Red army 1930-ies. Keywords: Mansi, helmet, cover, sacrifice, tradition | 2160 | |||||
| 267 | The article uses examples of the shamanic texts of Shor people to analyze artistic-visual approaches as well as archaic and shamanic vocabulary. We also compare the shamanic texts to heroic legends. The language of shamans is full of allegories, similes, and epithets. A characteristic artistic feature of the shamanic texts is the abundance of additional items that do not have any semantic value but perform constructive functions that support the rhythm. Throughout the shamanistic ritual (kamlanie), all the texts are accompanied by interjections. The shamanic texts also contain borrowed Russian words associated with household items, such as kitchenware, from which the surrounding spirits partake. The borrowed Russian words found in the heroic legends indicate the degradation of the epic tradition and disappearance of this genre. The stylistic expressiveness of the kamlanie ritual is enhanced through the usage of paired words. An important role in the poetics of shamanism belongs both to simple epithets that consist of a single definitive word and expanded ones that include two or three words. As a rule, the epithets found in the ritual (kamlanie) are related to the sacred otherworld: "magic doors" – arba jezhik; "rusty grips of the land" – tapty tudalyғ jezhigiӊ. Along with geographic objects (mountains, rivers, villages, towns) and real animals, the shamanic texts include the names of mythical characters and places. The main shamanic characters (a deity – Ülgen; a domestic thirty-headed Mother Fire – odus pashtyғ ot Enezi, helper spirits, mythical animals, etc.), as well as mythological objects and animals in the ritual (kamlanie) are characterized by numbers, colors, etc. The artistic language of shamans awaits its researchers. Keywords: Shor shamans, mythological characters, spirits-helpers, poetics, epithets, Russism | 2158 | |||||
| 268 | This paper investigates Adjectives and Nouns, denoting colours. The term Concept is supposed to be synonymous to the term Semantic field that include all initial and derivative lexemes. The present paper is accented on some peculiarities of world-building characterizing Udihe adjectives of Colour. Thematic group with the semantics of Colour is quite diverse. Various illustrations are presented in the paper. Different models of word-building are analyzed: a) Adjectives may be formed from Verbs; b) some Adjectives also may form Verbs (affixation); c) conversion is widely used in the thematic group in question; d) production of compound words (e.g. some political terms or some words denoting animals). If in the structure of compound word there is obvious indication of Colour, such word belongs to the thematic group under consideration (e.g. čaligi sula‘i “polar fox”, čaligi mafa “polar bear”). Keywords: Colours, Word-building, Affixation, Conversion, Adjective, Noun (Subject) | 2156 | |||||
| 269 | This article is devoted to transition the foothills of Northern Altai indigenous people (Kumandins, Tubalars, Chelkans) from traditional to new “Russian” anthroponymical model during XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries. This research is based on archival materials. The appearance of the surnames of the indigenous people is associated with the administrative and fiscal tasks of the state. Initially, the family structure corresponded to the social structure to a large extent. Later, the transformation of the anthroponomical model was caused by interethnic contacts, the activities of the Altai spiritual mission and migration indigenous people. This process began at the beginning of the XIX century and different groups of indigenous people passed to new anthroponymical model with different degree of intensity. Kumandy were in longer ethnocultural contacts with the Russians and before the rest of the indigenous people began to join the new "Russian" anthroponymic model. The wide range of anthroponyms was initially formed. Later, the number of surnames was reduced. Fixing the surnames among the indigenous people contributed to the prestige of the Russian and the desire to fully comply with them. At the beginning of the XX century most indigenous people adopted the “Russian” anthroponymy and formed a clear set of surnames. Keywords: anthroponymy, surname, census of 1917 year, indigenous people, Kumandins, Tubalars, Chelkans | 2156 | |||||
| 270 | The purpose of this article is to characterize the image of a ram / sheep in the traditional culture of the Khakas, as an animal that gives a person well-being and prosperity. The chronological framework of the work covers the late 19th — mid-20th centuries. The choice of such time boundaries is due to the state of the source base for the research topic. Leading in the study is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in development and taking into account a specific situation. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relic) and semantic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. in the traditional culture of the Khakas, the ram / sheep and its image occupied an important place. The animal in question was extremely in demand due to its utilitarian and sacred meaning. In practical terms, it was undoubtedly perceived as an important and accessible source of meat food and raw materials for household needs; 2) The presence of a large number of small ruminants along with other domestic animals was the basis of material prosperity and a high social status of a person in society; 3) In folk life, the ram served as a measure of the value of goods and services, was widely used in exchange trade and was a widespread subject of gift exchange processes; 4) The image of a ram was consistently associated with the idea of vitality and fertility; 5) Some rams / sheep were included in the category of sacred domestic animals — yzykh. They acted as living sacrifices to various patron spirits. They believed that they mystically contributed to the well-being of the economy. Yzykh had the status of an inviolable creature and were distinguished by ritual ribbons — chalama; 6) The images of some patron spirits of sheep, to whom the yzykh were dedicated, had their own material image and were called tos. There was a ritual practice in relation to them; 7) The Khakass also gave sacred status to special animals called mal kizik or mal talaan. They usually had the appearance of a lamb and personified the center of happiness and well-being of the entire human economy; 8) In the cult practice of the Khakas, the veneration of a stone statue of a ram khucha tas, the embodiment of the life force of livestock, became widespread. Keywords: Khakas, traditional culture, rituals, ram, sheep, yzykh, tos, image, symbol, fertility, stone statue | 2156 | |||||
| 271 | The article studies the grammaticalization path of the Selkup lexical unit mi̮. The analysis of the Selkup dictionaries discovers the lack of the common interpretation of this lexical unit. The presented study aims to develop a possible strategy for the representation of the semantic and morphological information of Selkup mi̮ in the Selkup dictionaries. It is shown that for the representation of the grammatical and semantic status of mi̮ it is necessary to clarify its transitional state and define it as: 1) indefinite pronoun (substitution for nouns and verbs); and 2) the element serving for the formation of the new lexemes and compound words in phrases and sentences. Keywords: the Selkup language, grammaticalization, semantics, grammaticalization paths, word formation | 2155 | |||||
| 272 | This paper deals with morphosyntactic properties of Hill Mari approximative Numeral + Noun constructions in comparison with those including cardinal numerals without the additional value of approximation. The study presents a list of approximative constructions found in Hill Mari and an overview of their basic morphosyntactic properties. This article contains both synchronic and diachronic account, as well as some preliminary cross-linguistic comparison. We can draw a conclusion that the morphosyntax of approximative constructions in Hill Mari is governed by a set of rules which have already been stated in typology. Nevertheless, some of them operate in a different way (e.g. numerical value determining nominal number). Furthermore, approximative Numeral + Noun constructions provide some important data on NP structure and a strong evidence that measure nouns are part of a complex quantifier, rather than a real quantified entity. Keywords: Quantified expressions, Numeral + Noun constructions, number marking, approximative numerals, noun phrase, morphosyntax, Hill Mari | 2154 | |||||
| 273 | The paper overviews the variety of predicative possessive constructions manifested in Eastern Khanty. The aim is to define the most productive and frequent types of the predicative possessive constructions as well as peripheral types. The predicative possession is studied and explained by the interrelation of existential, locational and possessive constructions. The core predicative possessive constructions are existential/locational possessive constructions in which the possessor is locative-marked and the predicate is the verb «to be». The periphreal possessive constructions are the transitive constructions which contain the possession verb with a meaning of «to have, to keep, to hold» as the predicate; the possessive constructions with posture verbs «to sit, to stand, to lie» as predicates; equative/inclusive/attributive proprietive constructions including a very rare type of nominal predicative constructions with the possessive proprietive semantics encoded by the predicative suffix /-aki/. The frequency of existential/locational constructiones is induced by the contact with the Russian language among bilingual speakers. According to the Stassen's typology of predicative possession (Stassen, 2009), in Eastern Khanty the domination strategy is the locational strategy. The have-possessives are sporadically found and are losing their distinctive features due to the expanding distribution of the locational constructions at the present moment. The with-possessive constructions are not included in the study of predicative possession as they have the distinctive features and distrubution which allows using it with motion verbs only. Keywords: predicative possession construction, predicative possession strategies, Eastern dialects of Khanty | 2150 | |||||
| 274 | Dambuev I.A. // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 2 (28). P. 106-117 Keywords: colour designation, white, Buryat toponymy, Russian toponymy, meaning | 2148 | |||||
| 275 | Kolyma Yukaghir does not have a verb equivalent of the English ‘have.’ Instead, for the expression of predicative possession, it uses proprietive verbs derived from nouns by affixation of the suffix -n’e/-n.’ This paper describes and analyzes proprietive verbs in Kolyma Yukaghir. Particular attention will be paid to their semantic and pragmatic characteristics. After overviewing the derivation and syntax of proprietive verbs, I will discuss the semantic variations they can have, depending on the types of relationships that obtain between possessors and possessees. I will also discuss a pragmatic characteristic of their main clause use in terms of information structure, which contrasts with existential clauses. Keywords: Kolyma Yukaghir, proprietive verb, predicative possession | 2145 | |||||
| 276 | The field notes result from the field project to the Northern Selkup (Taz) communities in Krasnoselkup region of Tyumen oblast in the summer of 1979. The project team of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Science of USSR lead by G. I. Pelikh collected data in the villages of Krasnoselkup and Tol'ka, visiting a set of local camps along the rivers Taz and Khudoseja. The field notes shed light onto the aspects of traditional economy, material and spiritual culture of Selkus: settlement patterns, land use, rules of hunting and fishing, burial rituals, inheritance, family life, court of local lord, types of punishment and other. The notes also include a set of fairytales. Keywords: Selkup, settlement, traditional economy, family, rituals, heritage | 2141 | |||||
| 277 | The article deals with lexical processes that indicate the activation of the Ossetian vocabulary. The purpose of the article is to describe the functional dynamism of the lexical system of the modern Ossetian literary language. In the aspect of comparison with the vocabulary of modern Russian literary language. The work showed that functional shifts in the Ossetian language are manifested in the interaction of two different vectors of modern language dynamics: on the one hand, globalization, on the other hand, regionalization. The material of these observations reveals the features of modern Ossetian and Russian lexical dynamics. Russian language policy in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, along with the active influence of the Russian language on the Ossetian language, causes the emergence of a parallel, Ossetian-Russian, line of language contacts. This fact is objectively dictated by the very nature of the latter: it is well known that any long-term ethnic contact cannot be unilateral. Keywords: functional dynamism, Ossetian language, minority language, language liberalization, language democratization, language contact, globalization, regionalization | 2141 | |||||
| 278 | Alutor (a Paleosiberian language from the Chukchi-Kamchatkan family) has two different forms marking the proprietive: forms with the suffix -lʔ (the ‘L-proprietive’) and forms with the circumfix ɣa-…-lin(a) (the ‘Gproprietive’). In this paper, I will describe the morphosyntactic and semantic features of possessee nouns using each form and demonstrate that the L-proprietive is preferred when there is a particularly close semantic relationship between the possessor and possessee, while the G-proprietive, in contrast, is used when a speaker is interested in the (non-) existence of a possessee, and often expresses temporal possession. Additionally, I will show the difference between the predicative possession and an existential construction, illustrate the co-occurrence of proprietive with comitative prefixes, and give examples of several kinds of abessive forms in Alutor. Keywords: Alutor, predicative possession, proprietive, inalienable possession | 2140 | |||||
| 279 | The article is devoted to a topical but poorly developed topic in the Russian humanities – visual anthropology as a form of scientific knowledge, a means of fixing and representing materials. It is well known, that the decisive role in the development of the frontier regions of the country during the imperial period was played by professional researchers and travelers, who actively used photographic technology in their activities. Numerous photographic documents collected by them during scientific expeditions are scattered among the funds of central and regional museum and archival institutions. This study focuses on visual anthropological materials from the expedition of the famous ethnographer Ivan Alekseevich Lopatin in 1913, stored in the archives of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region, and studied by the author of the article during research work in the summer of 2020. Many of the photographic documents under consideration, being unique evidence of the cultural evolution of the peoples of the Amur region at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. By comparing the textual and visual archives of the researcher, the key ethnographic images recorded by him among the Orochs and Golds (Nanai) peoples are distinguished and analyzed: phenomena of material and spiritual culture, fishing processes and physical types. The methodological discoveries of Ivan Lopatin in the field of the ethnographer's field work are also specially considered: parallel written and photographic recording of materials in the process of expeditionary research for the subsequent use of photographic documents as illustrations to the main provisions of scientific publications. The photographic work of Ivan Lopatin is analyzed in a historical and anthropological vein, in comparison with thematically related studies of other authors and academic paradigms of the corresponding period. The conclusion is made about the scientist's archival photographic heritage as an informative historical and ethnographic source, visually reflecting not only the culture of the photograph, but also the one who is filming; transmitting not only ethnographic information, but also its figurative and emotional context. The historical experience of Ivan Lopatin is shown as a completely relevant methodological example for today's visual anthropological practices. Keywords: ethnographic photography, visual anthropology, Golds, Orochi, Ivan Lopatin | 2140 | |||||
| 280 | This article deals with verbs of closing and opening in the Western local idioms of Khanty (the villages of Ovgort, Muzhi, Vosyahovo, Tegi). The data were collected during fieldwork. The Khanty material is considered within a broader typological investigation adopting the frame-based approach to lexical typology. I discuss the semantic distinctions in the domain concerned and the categorization of the basic frames, pointing out some dialectal variation. The asymmetry between the subdomains of closing and opening is also taken into account, as well as some metaphoric shifts accompanied by morphosyntactic changes. Keywords: Khanty, verbs of closing, verbs of opening, semantics, lexical typology | 2139 | |||||
| 281 | The article presents an overall picture of the direct contact between the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars and their northern neighbors – the Khanty of the Turtas and Demyanka rivers in a historical retrospective. The Tatar and the Khanty groups have conducted mutual visits for several centuries. The northern areas have been mainly of hunting and gathering interests to the Siberian Tatars, and the Khanty trips to the villages of the Middle Irtysh river aimed at trade and exchange, labor relations and the maintenance of social ties. The issue of these Turko-Ugric relations has not been discussed in ethnography prior to this. The authors have revealed the stages, supporting factors, connecting routes, places, forms and the circle of direct participants of the interaction. The research results have led to the hypothesis of the successive nature of the Tatar hunting rights in the Demyanka river area, inherited from the group of Middle Irtysh Khanty assimilated by them earlier. It is also assumed that between the second half of the 18th and early 19th century, the Khanty of the Yugan river, who came from the north, forced the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars into the periphery of the Demyanka hunting grounds after an open conflict. Traces of the previous history, among other things, are reflected in the local toponymy and folklore of both ethnic groups. Keywords: Kurdak-Sargat Tatars, indigenous peoples of the North, communication routes, watershed territories, interethnic interactions | 2138 | |||||
| 282 | The paper reviews the role of “ethnic festivals” in the process of ethnic consolidation of Selkupancestry population in Narym area in ХХ–XXI centuries and the development of semi-professional arts and crafts within these festivals (performing arts). The discussion also reviews the role of neomythology in stimulating of consolidating processes and building ethnic identity. Keywords: Selkup, festivals, neomythology, folklore, folklore images, arts and crafts, performing arts | 2133 | |||||
| 283 | Traditional Belarusian costume is a unique phenomenon in the culture of Eastern European folks. It had preserved archaic general Slavonic features connected with materials and manufacturing technologies, decoration character and manners of wearing till first decades of XX century. The article concerns the problem of scientific reconstruction of one of traditional costume complexes which was common for the territory of Igumen uezd (county) of Minsk Governorate in the late XIX and early XX century (nowadays it is Berezino district of Minsk region). Till recent period the traditional costume of this area was not widely known, though V. K. Kostko, student of Saint-Petersburg University, collected first data about it as early as in 1905. These materials in the form of a photo album and a small number of museum articles are preserved in the Russian Museum of Ethnography (Saint-Petersburg). Nearly in one hundred years they served as impulse for a deeper research. In 2003–2009 authors of the article conducted a number of expeditions on the territory of Berezino district which enabled them to collect valuable substantial and information materials. Based on the analysis of museum articles, archive photos and materials of contemporary field studies artistic and plastic features of previously unknown local variants of a traditional Belarusian costume were reconstructed. Clothing material collected during expeditions and scientific reconstruction of manners of women’s headdress, belts and other clothing articles helped to represent a traditional Berezino costume in the Museum of Ancient Belarusian Culture (Minsk). Keywords: traditional costume of Berezino district, V. K. Kostko, the Russian Museum of Ethnography, field studies, reconstruction, the Museum of Ancient Belarusian Culture | 2133 | |||||
| 284 | The problem of native language preservation of Slavic diasporas in Tomsk region is considered. The factors determining the process of saving / loss the native language are revealed. The study showed that the Slavic diasporas have significantly lost their native languages in the first decades after resettlement to Siberia during the ethno-cultural adaptation. National languages support was provided by mononational settlements, national schools, religious life, influx of new migrants. Consequently, the absence of these factors narrowed the scope of communication in mother tongue greatly, which gradually led to its significant loss. Among the most studied diasporas the Poles shows the lowest level of natural language knowledge. In modern times the expected interest in learning mother tongue in etnodispersal groups is not observed. Keywords: Native Language, Diasporas, Byelorussians, Poles, Ukrainians, Tomsk region | 2133 | |||||
| 285 | Raw materials and molding compounds of ceramics from Shelomok II settlement have been studied. The paper presents the results of this study, and compares the findings of the technical and technological analysis and studies of ornaments. It has been established that soft clays (mainly non-ferruginous and, much less often, ferruginous clays) were used in ceramic production. Addition of gruss has been identified as the main cultural tradition in using mineral admixtures. A mixture of traditions in using mineral admixtures (gruss + chamotte) has been revealed. When comparing the findings of the technical and technological analysis with ceramic ornaments, the authors have identified Group 1B: Pearls with Separation as representing the greatest mixture of skills in preparation of molding compounds. The rest of groups represent an approximately equal mixture of cultural traditions, which is not as significant as in Group 1B. The study of adaptive skills and ornaments shows an influx of new population and their contacts with local tribes. Keywords: Shelomok culture, settlement, technical and technological analysis, molding compound, raw materials, ornament | 2133 | |||||
| 286 | The study is dedicated to the formation of the anthroponymic system of Russian language in the territory of Yakutia in the 17th–18th centuries, its status in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It presents the results of analysis of the development of local anthroponymic system in the conditions of bilingual community. Popular male names of the 17th–18th centuries in the territory of Yakut Land, are determined through the continuous sampling and statistical methods, to be consequently compared to the most frequent male names of the city of Yakutsk in the late 20th century. Also, a sociolinguistic survey is undertaken to forecast the most popular names for the upcoming decades of the 21st century to illustrate the dynamics in personal names used in Yakutia. It is concluded that the 17th century’s onomasticon was mainly formed by the calendar Christian names, which had gradually superseded Yakut native names of the indigenous population in the official documents. The anthroponymic system of Yakutia did not undergo any major transformation in the 17th–20th centuries: calendar Christian names, forming the basis of the all-Russian onomasticon, were preferred for naming Russian and Yakut male population. The peculiarity of the anthroponymic system of Yakutia in the late 20th and early 21st centuries is in a largescale implementation of Yakut native names, where the almost forgotten ethnic names returned to widespread use, with the preference for Yakut spelling of the names. Keywords: anthroponymic system, anthroponym, Christian names, non-calendar names, name formulas, male names, Yakut national names | 2133 | |||||
| 287 | The article considers the relocation of the Altai held during XVIII–XX centuries. The first wave of migrants (until 1861) consisted mainly of Russian population. In the second stage (the end of the XIXth and early XXth century) Germans, Ukrainians, people from the Baltic regions came here. Belorussian immigrantion is also based on the number of Altai large settlements (from 100 to 900 people). However, Belarusians accustomed to the woods more likely inhabited taiga regions of Siberia and the Altai steppe was not so appealing. As a matter of fact their migration was not mass character here. Migrants from Belarussia chose not only similar in climatic characteristics areas for the new residence, but also the most familiar types of settlements – the hutors. Until 1920 their lived, one or more families of Belarusians. In 1914, in connection with the construction and operation of the railway Belarusians settled in industrial areas, in rail barracks and booths. Keywords: Altai, Belarusians, XIX–XX centuries, settlements | 2131 | |||||
| 288 | The birch bark, as an affordable and durable material, is widely used in almost all spheres of life of the peoples of Western Siberia. In most cases, the birch bark was used as a material for producing of household utensils. Having examined the works of N. V. Lukina (1985), V. V. Bogomolov (1987) and E. G. Fedorova (1994) in which were described the birch bark utensils, the author identifies the main approaches for its classification. N. V. Lukina in his work “The formation of the material culture of the Khantyˮ classifies bark items and puts on the promotion position: 1) purpose of the object and; 2) design features. All other parameters (form products, the national title, the method applying ornament) are associated and constitute the narrative of objects. V. V. Bogomolov classifies objects bark utensils, taking as a basis of such criteria as “work on manufacturingˮ (flooring manufacturer) – male and female. This author pays more attention to the national title bark utensils and objects form. Technical features, such as ways of connecting parts are in its classification and make minor subspecies examples when allocating basic types bark utensils. The classification of E. G. Fedorova is based utensils on division in the form of objects, with the release of those parts which form the shape (mouth, walls, bottom). In the process of comparing the options proposed classification bark utensils and work on creating the catalog “Birch bark utensils southern Selkupsˮ the author of this article has formed its own approach to the classification of objects in which the criterion was the leading technological method for manufacturing items. On the basis of the technological features making birch bark vessels all subjects were divided into four groups: 1) subjects cross linked two cut bark of parts – bottom wall and connected with each other by sewing; 2) objects created from a piece of birch bark, “stockingˮ removed from birch stump and connected to the bottom of the timber walls by steaming for a tight grasp of the bottom; 3) items with a wooden bottom and two-layered walls of birch bark (inner – glued or sewn, exterior – with the “castleˮ bracket), bottom and sides are fastened with small nails or wooden pegs (short rods); 4) objects created by folding a single piece of birch bark, stitched stitching details. Keywords: bark utensils, types classification, processing technology bark, the peoples of Western Siberia, Selkups | 2128 | |||||
| 289 | The article contains the comparative analysis of gaming motives of the Russian, Komi, Mari, Udmurt, Mordovian and Karelian people and the as Bashkir, Tatar and Khanty ethnos. The consideration is based on the game "Bear-grandma" and the children's rhymes. The game "Bear-grandma" shows the commonality of the plot and the game songs in the Udmurt, Komi, Khanty, Bashkir and is evidence of a common substrate, rooted in the culture of Western Siberian Ugric peoples of the first Millennium A.D., who lived in the middle and upper reaches of the Ob river; recorded versions of a similar game in Mari and Russian explained ethno-cultural contacts. The comparison of the materials of children's readers allows us to conclude that they are genetically related, demonstrating the calculation of the text. It is hypothesized that "children's zaum" brought to us the oldest words of prayer and conspiracy, preserved at the beginning and end of the text. These materials allow us to assert that the game folklore and gaming culture widespread in the borders of specific areal. Keywords: rhymes, gaming culture, semantics, ritual, ethno-cultural contacts of the peoples of Volga and Ural regions | 2127 | |||||
| 290 | This article is analyzed the system of accentuation in the first monographs on the Selkup language created by N. P. Grigorovsky. The considered material allows to draw the following conclusions: 1) Selkup stress in the nineteenth century has no fundamental difference from that in the XX century was recorded by A. P. Dulzon and his followers. 2) N. P. Grigorovsky, not being a linguist, in the XIX century has fixate in his books Ivankino Selkup dialect similar the linguists of the XX century, therefore his works are of great importance for studying the history of Selkup, and should be further investigated. Keywords: the Selkup language, N. P. Grigorovsky, accent system, Iwankino dialect | 2126 | |||||
| 291 | The article analyzes the phenomenon of a long absence from state control of some Evenk groups although their whereabouts was de facto not unknown to local authorities. A group of Evenks with the family name Likhachev was chosen as an example for the study, they migrated from the Podkamennaya Tunguska-river basin through the Vasyugan-river valley to the Lower Irtysh-river area in the last decades of the 19th century. The situation with the extreme lack of official documents confirming the Evenk presence was all the same in all three above mentioned territories which they inhabited. The author considers that the lack of mentionings of the taiga dwellers in documents was due to the actions of three parties: those who did not want to be under the control (the Evenks themselves); those who were satisfied with such a situation (most officials and a large proportion of Christian clergy); and those who actively supported it (some local officials and merchants). Keywords: migration, Northern natives, nomads, state control, Podkamennaya Tunguska-river, Vasyugan-river valley, Demyanka-river, Turtas-river | 2126 | |||||
| 292 | The paper presents quantitative data on the modifying participial clauses in Udi (Lezgic, Nakh-Daghestanian), based on text corpora. There are two participles in Udi, a perfective and an imperfective one; modifying participial clauses precede nominal heads, and the participle is clause-final within its clause. Like in other Nakh-Daghestanian languages, modifying participial clauses in Udi are close equivalents of relative clauses proper. However, as they allow a wider range of possible associations between a head noun and a clause, they can be rather assigned to what is known as general noun-modifying clause constructions (GNMCCs). The main goal of the paper is the analysis of frequencies of different associations between participial clauses and head nouns in terms of arguments, adjuncts or otherwise. In total, about 1,000 occurrences of participial clauses in the Nizh dialect of Udi were taken into account, drawn from three corpora: one spoken, one written comprising a translated text of the Gospel of Luke, and another written corpus comprising two collections of original folklore. The Udi data were compared to the data on relativization frequencies available for a few other Nakh-Daghestanian languages, including Agul, Archi, Lezgian, etc. The main generalizations which can be made from the counts are as follows. In participial clauses, intransitive predicates (especially the verb ‘be’) turned out to be more frequent than transitive ones. Relativization of the three core arguments S, A and P accounts for the vast majority of all occurrences (more than 80%), with the intransitive subject S by far outnumbering agent and patient (the same is true for the other languages of the family). Unlike in some other related languages, relativization of the agent is more frequent than that of the patient in Udi. Relativizations frequencies for peripheral arguments and adjuncts is small compared to some other languages of the family (less than one fifth of all occurrences). Among the non-core relativizations, the locative and the temporal ones are the most common. Also, the Udi data confirms the impression that although “extended” uses (i.e. non-syntactic associations) typical of GNMCCs are indeed attested, their frequency is very low. Keywords: relativization, relative clause, participle, participial clause, corpus linguistics, Nakh-Daghestanian languages, East Caucasian languages, Lezgic languages, Udi language | 2125 | |||||
| 293 | Ways and means of expressing Singularity and Plurality in Udihe are discussed in the present paper. As usual, form of singular number in Udihe is unmarked. Singularity is often accentuated by lexical means as well. To express plurality, in Udihe different markers are used: -dziga (~-ziga ~-diga), -tana, -getu, and *-kta, and -ŋka. Some of them are distinguished etymologically. Besides, that plurality as well as singularity may be expressed lexically. Adjectival markers of plurality are also examined in this paper, because in Udihe such suffixes mark not only Nouns, but also Adjectives, for example, -ŋku (‘suffix of collective adjactives’). Keywords: сategory of number, singularity, plurality, noun, collective nouns, adjective, lexical means | 2123 | |||||
| 294 | The paper is devoted to the study of transformations in the Khakass language consciousness over the past 15 years. The strengthening of the positive value dominants in the perception of the stimulus kizi "person", represented in the syntagmatic models of moral, intellectual and external evaluation of a person is identified. Noticeable growth of the paradigmatic scheme of association in the structure of associative fields tugan "relative", aal "Khakass village", aal?y "guest" is associated with changes in the psycholinguistic categorization of the social space of a person. The growth of the significance of family ties, birthplace, homeland in the Khakass language consciousness correlate with the process of adaptation to dynamic socio-economic realities. Keywords: Khakass language, Khakass language consciousness, psycholinguistic meaning, associative field, axiological meaning | 2123 | |||||
| 295 | Interdisciplinary studies of urban linguistic landscapes, which have recently shown considerable dynamics, are among the most actively developing areas of modern humanitarian knowledge. The main task of the research is to describe linguistic landscapes in the context of general issues of multilingual communicative practices, ethnic identity, and language policy. The methodology for studying visual ethnic information represented in urban spaces is constantly evolving. This article attempts to describe the modern bilingual landscape of Petrozavodsk. The Karelian language only began to appear on the city’s streets relatively recently, when the city administration began installing bilingual street signs in Russian and Karelian in 2021. The objectives of this study included not only describing the formation of the modern linguistic landscape in a diachronic way but also analyzing the peculiarities of the naming process of toponyms in Karelian. To this end, the study involved interviews with experts (translators and linguists) who created street signs in Karelian. During the interview, the basic principles of toponym selection were clarified. An equally important task of the work was to find out the opinion of Karelian residents about the use of street signs and façade signs in Karelian in the city. A sociolinguistic questionnaire was developed to carry out the survey. The survey results, in which 60 informants took part, show that the inhabitants of the city and the entire republic have a positive attitude towards the visualization of the Karelian language and the majority believe that it should be expanded. The positive attitude of the informants is directly related to the symbolic function of Karelian language elements in the linguistic landscape. A separate block of questions in the questionnaire aimed to clarify the symbolic area. The analysis of the material has shown that the written represen tations of the Karelian language in the urban space are not related to the possibility of linguistic commodification but to the symbolic dimension of the linguistic landscape – ethnic identity, preservation, and popularization of the Karelian language and its national and cultural value. Keywords: linguistic landscape, the Karelian language, sociolinguistics, multilingualism, identity, survey | 2123 | |||||
| 296 | The article includes some research results of the metalanguage reflection of German dialects of speakers living in Tomsk region, one of the Siberian regions of the Russian Federation. Research materials were collected through the implementation of field expeditions in rural settlements of Tomsk region, where a significant proportion of the population are Germans. The statements about the language of the informants are analyzed in this article; modeling of their experienced history of the usage of languages is carried out. The model, based on the analysis of the “subjective data”, provides a concept of relevant and irrelevant linguistic phenomena for the perception of bilingual German respondents, which allows following up the development of their language loyalty and language associations diachronically. Keywords: German dialects in Siberia, Russian Germans, language attitude, language biography | 2118 | |||||
| 297 | 2116 | ||||||
| 298 | 2116 | ||||||
| 299 | Great attention in the work of municipal museum of the city of Seversk is paid to preservation and popularization of cultural heritage of Russian Siberians, migrants of other nationalities, Belarusians and Ukrainians in particular, as well as indigenous people of Siberia. At the permanent local history exposition “Along the river of time”, and at the temporary expositions held in the museum the regular events, such as excursions, lectures, lessons for schools and pre-schools of the city according to special cultural-educational programs are developed by the museum staff. The museum conducted a number of regional and federal projects, including: “Folk calendar. Creative workshops by traditions of Russian Siberians”, “Orthodoxy. Binding. Creativity” for social adaptation of children with disabilities. In 2015 the new project Museum holiday “For the sake of eloquent-sounding word” was supported by federal program “Culture of Russia 2012–2018” within nomination “Non-material cultural heritage of the Russian people”. Ethnographic exhibit items and their importance for museum-pedagogical work is constantly growing, especially when working with children as the materials enable to go deep into history and touch the life of our remote ancestors. In traditional culture of any nation every object like work equipment, clothes, dishware or cultural objects were made with one’s own hands exactly like their ancestors did, following the definite rules, bans and ceremonies. These objects disappear very fast or have already disappeared from daily life and they are often kept only in museums. Peculiarity of traditional culture of Russian Siberians in suburban villages of Tomsk is expressed in long time intrusion of city household items into peasants’ life and large influence of city culture in general. Descendants of inhabitants from all of these settlements currently live in Seversk, Tomsk, and other settlements and keep the memory of their ancestors. To perform the project “For the sake of eloquent-sounding word” several scenarios were developed where project participants – museum staff in national costumes engage in conversation, talk only by proverbs and sayings. Russian folk proverbs keep large public significance up to the present days from the informative, educational and aesthetic point of view. This is like a philosophical genre consolidating the rich life experience. Keywords: museum, ethnographic exhibit items, folklore, Russian Siberians | 2116 | |||||
| 300 | The article is written by a disciple of G. K. Werner. It describes the life record and the scholarly work of the teacher. It considers in detail the contents of monographs (21), the scholar’s papers, dictionaries composed by him. Also, the article characterizes his educational and methodological activity in the German and Ket languages. Firstly, the background information is given and then the research work of G. K. Werner is described. There are three periods differentiated on geographical basis: work in Tomsk, in Taganrog and in Bonn. Much attention is paid to the field work and the use of expedition materials for further research of the Yenisei languages. The article deals with the work of G. K. Werner as a thesis adviser, the peculiarities of his consultations. The article also mentions a large number of published and unpublished reviews and comments on the research papers and dissertations on the US, Polish, German and Russian linguists. Keywords: Yenisei languages, Kott language, Ket, Yugh language, Southern Siberia, Dingling, Xiongnu, tengrizm, sound system, accentology, protoculture, Indian languages, Na-Dene languages, ethnicity, ornamentation | 2116 | |||||
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