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| 251 | This paper deals with the use of the marker POSS.3G with the form -žə̑ / -žə̈ / -šə̑ / -šə̈ in Hill Mari – one of the Finno-Ugric languages. This affix not only marks prototypical possessive relations (partwhole, kinship, etc.), but also has discourse functions. The discourse meanings of POSS.3SG are bound by the semantics of SELECTION FROM A SET, which brings together the use of the same marker on the levels of referential properties, topic-focus structure and global discourse structure, sometimes involving their interaction. The contexts with the marked code-switching are in the main focus of the paper. This marking fits the notion of POSS.3SG as a contrastive marker. The speaker often uses Russian words, when they fail to select corresponding Hill Mari ones. Possessive marking is met in light of so called Observer’s Paradox or “linguistic cleaning”: the speaker is conscious that the linguist is interested in their language in particular and tends to correct the speech to the detriment of the naturalness. Such metalinguistic usage of the marker of contrastiveness serves as the evidence not only of the separation of two mental lexicons of bilingual speakers, but also of the possibility of metalinguistic operations with them in some circumstances. Keywords: discourse possessiveness, code-switching, contrastiveness, discourse marker, mental lexicon, bilingualism | 2309 | |||||
| 252 | On the basis of the review of scientific literature and archive materials that also include the material that is being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time, the fundamental principles are presented these principles concerning the questions of ethnic identity of the Yukaghir of Yakutia were elaborated by the members of the important research initiatives in the XIX – beginning of XXI century. In connection to this there has been made an analysis on dynamics of scholars on the status of a number of markers, that include “purity of blood”, the level of proficiency in the native language, distinctness of anthropogenic activities and culture, self-consciousness. The “negative” trend has been predominating through much of the studied period, that was established by the scholars during estimation of the perspectives of the Yukaghir people’s existence in the rapidly changing environment and their preservation of the ethnic distinctness. The accumulated research material on steady degradation of a complex of objective signs which was firstly conditioned by the intense assimilation processes and then by the processes of globalization was the basis for this approach. At the same time, the significant changes were noted in the approaches used by scholars; these changes happened in the last decades and they have been accompanied by the increased attention to the subjective factors in functioning of ethnic identity of the Yukaghir. Moreover, the significant role of scholars’ activities in designing the ethnic selfconsciousness of the modern Yukaghirs is noticed. Keywords: Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic, Yukaghirs, Yakutia, scientific researches, expeditions, ethnic identity, assimilation | 2308 | |||||
| 253 | The paper deals with functioning of the analytical additive marker əč̣ʼjə / jəč̣ʼjə in the Temirgoy dialect of West Circassian (also known as Adyghe) and the Kuban dialect of Kabardian and analyses some morphosyntactic parameters, which serve to differentiate its various functions. According to the hypothesis we propose, the marker əč̣ʼjə / jəč̣ʼjə, which originally had exclusively additive functions or functions of the marker of coordination, has developed new pragmatically oriented meanings (contrast, emphasis in negation, etc.). Such pragmaticalization seems to have been accompanied not only by optional phonetic erosion which resulted in the appearance of a new additive clitic but also by the word order change, which presumably can be related to other typological features of the Circassian languages. Keywords: Circassian, West Circassian, Adyghe, Kabardian, additive, coordination, pragmaticalization, grammaticalization, word order | 2307 | |||||
| 254 | The article uses examples of the shamanic texts of Shor people to analyze artistic-visual approaches as well as archaic and shamanic vocabulary. We also compare the shamanic texts to heroic legends. The language of shamans is full of allegories, similes, and epithets. A characteristic artistic feature of the shamanic texts is the abundance of additional items that do not have any semantic value but perform constructive functions that support the rhythm. Throughout the shamanistic ritual (kamlanie), all the texts are accompanied by interjections. The shamanic texts also contain borrowed Russian words associated with household items, such as kitchenware, from which the surrounding spirits partake. The borrowed Russian words found in the heroic legends indicate the degradation of the epic tradition and disappearance of this genre. The stylistic expressiveness of the kamlanie ritual is enhanced through the usage of paired words. An important role in the poetics of shamanism belongs both to simple epithets that consist of a single definitive word and expanded ones that include two or three words. As a rule, the epithets found in the ritual (kamlanie) are related to the sacred otherworld: "magic doors" – arba jezhik; "rusty grips of the land" – tapty tudalyғ jezhigiӊ. Along with geographic objects (mountains, rivers, villages, towns) and real animals, the shamanic texts include the names of mythical characters and places. The main shamanic characters (a deity – Ülgen; a domestic thirty-headed Mother Fire – odus pashtyғ ot Enezi, helper spirits, mythical animals, etc.), as well as mythological objects and animals in the ritual (kamlanie) are characterized by numbers, colors, etc. The artistic language of shamans awaits its researchers. Keywords: Shor shamans, mythological characters, spirits-helpers, poetics, epithets, Russism | 2305 | |||||
| 255 | Research revealed the metaphors of seeing and receptions of mythological images of death in modern culture. These metaphors and images were the key point of understanding of links between seeing (vision) and knowledge, between seeing as ability to see the natural and supernatural phenomena and seeing as a way for fixing of the relations between life and death in traditional and modern cultures. Clearing of the basic ideas, which were the cornerstone of mythological legends of the southeast Slavs and reflected in fiction and motion picture art, showed a key role of the memory and imagination, structures of consciousness that provide storage, broadcasting and reproduction of ethnocultural heritage. Tracking of the communications between representations created by east Slavs gave the chance to track receptions of mythological legends in Gogol’s works, in film statements of these works and through them – in modern mass culture. The revealed receptions of Slavic antiquity in modern culture actualized a question of mutual crossings of the mythological ideas created by ancient Slavs and the mythological images, which arose in Antiquity. Keywords: mythology, death, ancient Slavs, modern mass culture, cultural heritage, ethnic identity, literature, cinema, Antiquity | 2304 | |||||
| 256 | In a wide sense diamorphism can be determined as a losing genetic uniformity by a language i.e. monolingualism of its idiom. Being a heterogeneous (polyglossic) language due to its resources the contemporary German contains layers of heterolingual means functioning in the German literary speech synchronously as diglossic variants of stylistically different values, eg.: posten – veröffentlichen, Coverstory – Titelgeschichte. Concerning the diglossy of the type „German vs. (American) English“ resulting from the exoglossic language situation in Germany since 1945 the diamorphism tendency can be characterized as a preferring heterogeneous (English) variants to autochthonous ones by speakers. In a narrow sense diamorphism is opposite to isomorphism and is manifested in prevailing of foreign resources over German ones in separate lexical-semantic groups or discourses. Diamorphism tendencies in contemporary German within an invasive borrowing of Anglo-Americanisms are detected by deriving the exoglossic index that explicate a grade of a certain intralinguistic sublevel’s subsystems to be susceptible to the influence of a donor language and is a quotient of the total of a sublevel means ({х} underlevel) and the quantity of Anglo-American borrowings detected ({х}АА): Iэкз={x}подуровень/{x}АА The exoglossic index under 0,5 displays an inconspicuous infiltration of Anglophonic material and isomorphic functioning of a sublevel. A figure above 0,5 explicates a diamorphism tendency in a certain lexical sphere. Keywords: diamorphism, resource heterogeneity, isomorphism, contemporary German, exoglossic index, density of lexical and grammatical invasiveness | 2299 | |||||
| 257 | The paper reviews possession in the eastern-most Khanty dialects with less than half a dozen speakers remaining. The analysis stems from extended fieldwork data and legacy data archived at Tomsk Department of Indigenous Languages of Siberia. The main purpose is to discuss the key morphosyntactic and semantic features of possession based on available data and approached within a conventional theoretical and methodological framework. This will allow integration of the data and analysis into the debates regarding possession from the areal Siberian, genetic Uralic and wider typological perspective. Keywords: possession, Khanty, typology, Siberia | 2298 | |||||
| 258 | The paper outlines the results of a paleodemographic study on XVIII – XX cc. sample from Sicharog cemetery (Tajikistan, Districts of Republican Subordination). The Sicharog skeletal sample consists of 114 individuals. The material was obtained as a result of rescue archaeological excavation at the zone of construction of the Rogun Hydroelectric power station. The analysis includes computation of the standard paleodemographic parameters; life-tables and demographic curves for the male and female are presented. The Sicharog sample is characterized by a close to normal sex ratio, with a slight predominance of males relative to females. Despite the same average life expectancy for males and females (about 34–35 years), the number of females who survived to the final age interval (50+) is almost twice as high as that of males. The results of a comparative study (using Correspondence Analysis) allow to conclude that the demographic patterns of Sicharog sample are close to those of the skeletal population from rural cemeteries in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan and differ significantly from the demographic patterns of the population of elite urban necropolises (Bukhara and its neighborhood). It is concluded that the paleodemographic data adequately reflect the real demographic situation in the adult part of the Sicharog population. Possible reasons for the insignificant representation of subadult skeletons in this sample and in other completely excavated cemeteries representing close to the contemporary population of Central Asia, are discussed. The obtained results are important in that they represent a new source of information on the paleodemography of close to Modern population of the Central Asia as a whole, and the Tajiks of Karategin in particular. Keywords: physical anthropology, paleodemography, Sicharog, Tajikistan, Modern history | 2297 | |||||
| 259 | A sociolinguistic experiment was conducted to determine the extent of the presence of purist and contaminated doublets, as well as Russicisms in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language. The analysis showed that there is a significant connection between the belonging of the subjects to a particular social group and certain mechanisms for constructing language samples in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language. The intelligentsia of the Surgut Khanty gravitates towards purist tendencies, using the phonetic, lexical and morphological potential of the Surgut dialect, and tries to avoid contamination and pure Russification for linguistic processing of borrowings from the Russian language. Pupils and students actively use the principles of Russification, not being convinced supporters of the purist approach and not attaching much importance to contamination in the transfer of borrowings from the Russian language. To transfer borrowings Surgut Khanty, living in camps and lands, do not attach much importance to the puristic imperative of their linguistic form. At the same time they realize the alienation of the complete Russification of borrowed tokens and use the principle of contamination when adapting borrowed words in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language. Keywords: Khanty language, Surgut dialect, Russicism, loanwords, purism, contamination | 2294 | |||||
| 260 | Komi and Komi-Permian belong to the Permian group of Finno-Ugric languages. There are many categories of conerbs in the Komi and Komi-Permian languages — more than twenty. Traditionally in the grammars and other sources the functional load of the converb in a sentence of the Komi and Komi-Permyak languages is defined as a secondary member of the sentence — circumstance, as well as a secondary predicate. The article examines one of the syntactic function of the Komi and Komi-Permian converbs — the predicate function. A complete list of constructions is provided, and their syntactic role is defined as a predicate. The material of already known predicative constructions with converbs and new varieties of predicate with converbs was combined and analyzed. As a result, lexical-grammatical categories of the Komi and Komi-Permian converbs, that can perform a predicative function are identified: converbs with -ömön, -mön, -tödz, -tög. Presented copular verbs of лоны ’to become’, кольны ’stay’, овны ’live, dwell’, modal verbs вермыны ’be able’, ковны ’need’, позьны ’allow’ in positive and negative forms, evaluation predicative абу лöсьыд ’badly’ and other units. A new, more accurate representation of the polyfunctionality of Permian adverbial participles and their syntactic potential is given. Structural schemes of the constructions are presented in the article. Keywords: the Komi language, the Komi-Permian language, converb, predicate, predicative constructions | 2290 | |||||
| 261 | This article is analyzed the system of accentuation in the first monographs on the Selkup language created by N. P. Grigorovsky. The considered material allows to draw the following conclusions: 1) Selkup stress in the nineteenth century has no fundamental difference from that in the XX century was recorded by A. P. Dulzon and his followers. 2) N. P. Grigorovsky, not being a linguist, in the XIX century has fixate in his books Ivankino Selkup dialect similar the linguists of the XX century, therefore his works are of great importance for studying the history of Selkup, and should be further investigated. Keywords: the Selkup language, N. P. Grigorovsky, accent system, Iwankino dialect | 2288 | |||||
| 262 | Based on the materials from Early Medieval settlements in the Tomsk Ob Region, the paper presents the author’s vision of the development of ferrous metallurgy in this region and pays attention to the fact that the available data are scarce and insufficient to prove the widespread development of the local ferrous metallurgy. An ornamented hearth door from Kislovka II settlement is one of the most significant findings. The author identified it as a ritual artifact intended for ceremonies, most likely before iron smelting. The ornament consisting of 5 rows of triangles can be interpreted as an appeal to a higher power for successful smelting. Keywords: archeology, ferrous metallurgy, hearth, ore, blacksmithing | 2288 | |||||
| 263 | The study is dedicated to the formation of the anthroponymic system of Russian language in the territory of Yakutia in the 17th–18th centuries, its status in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It presents the results of analysis of the development of local anthroponymic system in the conditions of bilingual community. Popular male names of the 17th–18th centuries in the territory of Yakut Land, are determined through the continuous sampling and statistical methods, to be consequently compared to the most frequent male names of the city of Yakutsk in the late 20th century. Also, a sociolinguistic survey is undertaken to forecast the most popular names for the upcoming decades of the 21st century to illustrate the dynamics in personal names used in Yakutia. It is concluded that the 17th century’s onomasticon was mainly formed by the calendar Christian names, which had gradually superseded Yakut native names of the indigenous population in the official documents. The anthroponymic system of Yakutia did not undergo any major transformation in the 17th–20th centuries: calendar Christian names, forming the basis of the all-Russian onomasticon, were preferred for naming Russian and Yakut male population. The peculiarity of the anthroponymic system of Yakutia in the late 20th and early 21st centuries is in a largescale implementation of Yakut native names, where the almost forgotten ethnic names returned to widespread use, with the preference for Yakut spelling of the names. Keywords: anthroponymic system, anthroponym, Christian names, non-calendar names, name formulas, male names, Yakut national names | 2283 | |||||
| 264 | The “external soul” (person dies when some object or creature is destroyed) and the “Achilles heel” (The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s body and not in his inner organs) are folklore motifs used to explain why a particular person cannot be killed or how he can be killed. As other 2700 motifs which global distribution is demonstrated in our database, the “external soul” and the “Achilles heel” are a product not of the universal “primitive mind” but of particular historical processes and circumstances and we try to reveal the age and region of their initial spread. In Central and South Africa, Australia and Melanesia both motifs are rare or totally absent. This makes improbable their origin in the Out-of-Africa time. The “Achilles heel” is often found in North and South America but its Eurasian area is sporadic. On the contrary, the “external soul” is very popular across most of Eurasia but in the New World it, is found only in North but not in South America. It looks plausible that in the Old World the motif of “Achilles heel” was mostly ousted by the “external soul” being preserved in the New World thanks to its isolation from Eurasia. The lack or rarity of these motifs in the Northeast Asia and in Alaska and American Arctic excludes, possibility of their late diffusion across Bering Strait. Because both motifs were brought to America by the early migrants, their age in Eurasia must exceed 15,000 years, the “Achilles heel” being probably older. At the time of the peopling of America, both motifs had to be well known to the oral traditions of the Northeast Asia. Their rarity or absence there in historic time is in conformity with significant differences between genetic samples of Early and Late Holocene populations of Siberia. The complicated version of the “external soul” according to which a life essence is hidden in a series of objects and beings, one inside the other, is absent in America. Such a variant probably spread across the Old World after the end of antiquity being used in fairytales. Keywords: peopling of America, early migrations, comparative folklore studies, the “external soul”, the “Achilles heel” | 2282 | |||||
| 265 | Under conditions of high intensity world of information and communication processes in politics, economics, society issue planned formation, positioning and broadcast the image of Belarus is particularly acute and timely. At present, the necessary and urgent is the study of social and cultural space of the Internet social networks that influence the formation and development of such phenomena as social consciousness, society, state. The report raised the problem of the formation of the cultural image of Belarus with the help of social networking Internet. The importance of the role of social networks in the study of this problem is confirmed by their purposeful influence on the process of social development at the moment. Keywords: Internet, social networks, image of the state, culture, social media, law, government, presentation | 2280 | |||||
| 266 | The article studies the grammaticalization path of the Selkup lexical unit mi̮. The analysis of the Selkup dictionaries discovers the lack of the common interpretation of this lexical unit. The presented study aims to develop a possible strategy for the representation of the semantic and morphological information of Selkup mi̮ in the Selkup dictionaries. It is shown that for the representation of the grammatical and semantic status of mi̮ it is necessary to clarify its transitional state and define it as: 1) indefinite pronoun (substitution for nouns and verbs); and 2) the element serving for the formation of the new lexemes and compound words in phrases and sentences. Keywords: the Selkup language, grammaticalization, semantics, grammaticalization paths, word formation | 2280 | |||||
| 267 | The article deals with the traditional Mari games like hide and seek and blind man’s buff in which the catching man is called a bear. The distribution area of these games, their seasonal and ritual timing is detected. A previously unpublished material from the manuscript archive of MarSRILLH (Yoshkar- Ola) is introduced.The correspondences to this character in the games of the Finno-Ugric peoples, Turks and Russians of the Ural-Volga region are established. The article includes an analysis of the etymology of the Mari word maskа ‘bear’, examines the available versions and sets out additional data, including an indication of the correspondence of the Mari bear name (the main dialect forms maska, mas’ka > mäskä; meskä> möskä) to Russian dialect words meaning sheep (mas’ka, mis’ka). Such a naming logic is explained by the prohibition of words meaning wild animals and the metonymic shift of semantics (sheep – wool – bear). The structure of the relationship between this Mari zoonym (historical form aba maska ‘bear’) and the name of a typologically similar character in the Bashkir game – mäskäi-äbei ‘grandma glutton’ is analyzed. Keywords: folk games, game lexics in Mari, Finno-Ugric languages, Turkic languages of the Ural-Volga region, Russian dialects, borrowing, inter-ethnic interaction, language contacts, characters of folklore | 2279 | |||||
| 268 | This paper deals with morphosyntactic properties of Hill Mari approximative Numeral + Noun constructions in comparison with those including cardinal numerals without the additional value of approximation. The study presents a list of approximative constructions found in Hill Mari and an overview of their basic morphosyntactic properties. This article contains both synchronic and diachronic account, as well as some preliminary cross-linguistic comparison. We can draw a conclusion that the morphosyntax of approximative constructions in Hill Mari is governed by a set of rules which have already been stated in typology. Nevertheless, some of them operate in a different way (e.g. numerical value determining nominal number). Furthermore, approximative Numeral + Noun constructions provide some important data on NP structure and a strong evidence that measure nouns are part of a complex quantifier, rather than a real quantified entity. Keywords: Quantified expressions, Numeral + Noun constructions, number marking, approximative numerals, noun phrase, morphosyntax, Hill Mari | 2277 | |||||
| 269 | The paper reviews the features of articaulation of palatal vowel harmony in Ondugaj and Ust-Kan idioms of Altai-Kizhi dialects. The analysis of experimental-instrumental data demonstrates that algorythms of production of Turkic velar harmony (consistently articulated in Ondugaj idiom) are not maintained in the articulatory-acoustic base of the Ust-Kan idiom speakers. Vowel harmony as a dominant typological feature, largely defining the phonetic make-up of the whole word, and consistent with the idealized harmonic model, has various articulatory specifics in each Turkic language. This articulatory variation adheres to strict systemic processes and mutual conditioning by segmental and suprasegmental levels. The main explanatory features are to be found in the historic aspects of individual languages, in their inter- and intraethnic interactions affecting the articulatory-acoustic bases of shaping the respective phonetic-phonological systems. Keywords: Turkic languages of Siberia, palatal vowel harmony, consonants, experimental phonetics, MRI, digital X-ray diagnostics | 2276 | |||||
| 270 | Since the late nineteenth century Kulunda steppe was one of the most “Ukrainian” regions of Siberia. According to the results of the Soviet census of 1926, in Northern Kulunda, within the boundaries of modern Karasuk district Novosibirsk region lived more than 30 thousand people. The most numerous community were Ukrainians. Places of their compact settlement were the villages: Beloe and Irbizino. Most people in these villages were originally from Poltava and Kharkov provinces. Ukrainians were also scattered widely in other multi-ethnic villages of the steppe area. Adapting to the conditions of Western Siberia, for a long time they have preserved the language and the standards of traditional culture, livelihood, family and calendar rites and festivals, arts and crafts. Ethno-social and ethno-cultural transformation began in the postwar period. This process intensified in the 1960s and 1970s. Actively cooperating with regional multiethnic community (Russians, Germans, Kazakhs, etc.), Ukrainians gradually switched to the Russian language; at the same time began to change their ethnic identity. In 1970–1980 the attributes of Ukrainian folk culture, removed from everyday life moved into the space of museums. Currently in Karasuk district Novosibirsk region is actively developing the Museum's construction and great efforts have been made for the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. Keywords: Ukrainians, Karasuk, Kulunda steppe, museum | 2276 | |||||
| 271 | This article discusses the problem of interpretation of the cultural heritage of the Slavs within tour guiding activity of the First Museum of Slavic mythology. Interactive methods of work with tourists, as well as methods for engaging in joint action are analysed herein. Construction of the historical past in general and spiritual culture of the Slavs in particular is performed through the interpretation of works of art from the collection of the Museum. The museum's mission is not mainly focused on organisation of an interesting exhibition, but mainly on visitor engagement and exchange. Such task is carried out by means of specific techniques of revealing the content via interactive methods, when dialogical relationships are built between a visitor and an exposition, and methods of participation, when people simulate the surrounding reality themselves. Interactivity is achieved by creating a layer parallel to the conventional exposition. This layer includes models that can be touched and the so-called hands-on activities. For example, during the tour called “Native Gods and Heroes” visitors learn about the model of a traveling forge. They blow bellows, raise sledgehammer and put on a protective apron. Due to such hands-on activities museum visitors develop an understanding of how metal was forged in ancient times. Successful methods of immersion into the past are related to traditional crafts and participation in game practices where guests dress up, sing folk songs, dance in a round and taste traditional cuisine. In such projects it is crucial to give people an opportunity to be not only “consumers” or target audience, but also contributors to decision-making and organisation of cultural events, in other words, to the process of under-standing and realisation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Slavic cultural heritage, cultural heritage interpretation, museum pedagogics, guiding activity, museum exposition | 2276 | |||||
| 272 | The study of the phenomenon of anadiplosis is an urgent research task. Semantic analysis of epic language units were conducted while dictionary definitions, while identifying anadiplosis in the text of the Yakut heroic epic "Mighty Er Sogotokh" of V. O. Karataev. To identify with sufficient completeness the variety and diversity of means of cohesion expressed by anadiplosis in the text of Olonkho, the decomposition of anadiplosis to the elements was performed with the help of component analysis. The verification method is used for linguistic units to establish the truth of ontological information concerning the problem of cohesion in the evolution of the epic narrative. The direct nominative meaning of the linguistic units of the Yakut language is taken to reflects the main components of the analyzed structure, and contributes to the explication of the unit’s actualization in the context. The semantic-cognitive analysis using cognitive interpretation of anadiplosis reveals the venture point of the narrator and the audience on the epic reality, epic articulation of time and space. Retrospective and prospective analysis of the examples has been used to describe and classify aspects of anadiplosis in Olonkho. The general method of research is inductive-deductive, i.e. as a result of the analysis of language data, theoretical conclusions are made. In consequence of the study it is determined that anadiplosis in the text of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, represents the contact cohesion, and is one of the main means of effective communication, explicit in the surface structure of the text: at the junction of the main epic narrative and its complement. They are generated by the epic scale of the text and are a clear evidence of the nonlinearity of epic narrative, as also evidenced by the simulated schemes of anadiplosis. It was also revealed that anadiplosis is formed through repetition and verbal repetition in conjunction with demonstratives: ol / ool, bu. All considered examples consist of two complementary terms, which are discrete structures. In the classification of anadiplosis we can distinguish three main types: retrospective, conditionally medial and prospective, where the main principle of classification is the temporal focus of anadiplosis. Keywords: Olonkho, catching up, junction, anadiplosis, cohesion, repetition, retrospective anadiplosis, medial anadiplosis, prospective anadiplosis, return anadiplosis | 2276 | |||||
| 273 | The ethnographic description of national food the Komi’s vymskikh reflecting features of subethnic and religious character is presented in article. Ecological habit and economic activity predetermined grain and meat and dairy type of food with preservation of a share of trade production. In a grocery set three layers determined by time of inclusion in a food allowance are emitted. The main layer is presented by grain and vegetable crops, meat and a game, dairy and fish products. The basis of food was made by groat soups and porridges that were reflected in the collective name of food “soup porridge”. Bakery products differed in wealth and a variety. The everyday menu, except grain crops, included meat and dairy, fish dishes and a game, with small inclusions of vegetables and wild plants that testifies to the balanced food. Though meat and dairy and fish dishes not often appeared on a table that was connected with practice of observance of Christian posts which number reached over 200 days in a year. However the collective name of food meaning full life was defined how “with fish meat to live”. Substratny layer reflects earlier existing system of economy and is presented by wild plants which provided a vitamin component of a food allowance and brought a variety the menu. Last in time layer is connected with trade development, purchased products compensated for the deficiency of grocery raw materials. For the vymskikh of the Komi the thrice hot meals that were provided with existence by the Russian wind furnace were characteristic. The food was cooked in the Russian furnace early in the morning and remained there till the evening that allowed giving food hot at each reception. The balanced menu, is hotter than food and observance of the mode of meal acted as pledge of preservation of health. Keywords: Komi (Zyrians), vymsky Komi, grocery raw materials, traditional dishes | 2275 | |||||
| 274 | Dambuev I.A. . Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 2 (28). P. 106-117 Keywords: colour designation, white, Buryat toponymy, Russian toponymy, meaning | 2273 | |||||
| 275 | The article analyzes the phenomenon of a long absence from state control of some Evenk groups although their whereabouts was de facto not unknown to local authorities. A group of Evenks with the family name Likhachev was chosen as an example for the study, they migrated from the Podkamennaya Tunguska-river basin through the Vasyugan-river valley to the Lower Irtysh-river area in the last decades of the 19th century. The situation with the extreme lack of official documents confirming the Evenk presence was all the same in all three above mentioned territories which they inhabited. The author considers that the lack of mentionings of the taiga dwellers in documents was due to the actions of three parties: those who did not want to be under the control (the Evenks themselves); those who were satisfied with such a situation (most officials and a large proportion of Christian clergy); and those who actively supported it (some local officials and merchants). Keywords: migration, Northern natives, nomads, state control, Podkamennaya Tunguska-river, Vasyugan-river valley, Demyanka-river, Turtas-river | 2272 | |||||
| 276 | Interdisciplinary studies of urban linguistic landscapes, which have recently shown considerable dynamics, are among the most actively developing areas of modern humanitarian knowledge. The main task of the research is to describe linguistic landscapes in the context of general issues of multilingual communicative practices, ethnic identity, and language policy. The methodology for studying visual ethnic information represented in urban spaces is constantly evolving. This article attempts to describe the modern bilingual landscape of Petrozavodsk. The Karelian language only began to appear on the city’s streets relatively recently, when the city administration began installing bilingual street signs in Russian and Karelian in 2021. The objectives of this study included not only describing the formation of the modern linguistic landscape in a diachronic way but also analyzing the peculiarities of the naming process of toponyms in Karelian. To this end, the study involved interviews with experts (translators and linguists) who created street signs in Karelian. During the interview, the basic principles of toponym selection were clarified. An equally important task of the work was to find out the opinion of Karelian residents about the use of street signs and façade signs in Karelian in the city. A sociolinguistic questionnaire was developed to carry out the survey. The survey results, in which 60 informants took part, show that the inhabitants of the city and the entire republic have a positive attitude towards the visualization of the Karelian language and the majority believe that it should be expanded. The positive attitude of the informants is directly related to the symbolic function of Karelian language elements in the linguistic landscape. A separate block of questions in the questionnaire aimed to clarify the symbolic area. The analysis of the material has shown that the written represen tations of the Karelian language in the urban space are not related to the possibility of linguistic commodification but to the symbolic dimension of the linguistic landscape – ethnic identity, preservation, and popularization of the Karelian language and its national and cultural value. Keywords: linguistic landscape, the Karelian language, sociolinguistics, multilingualism, identity, survey | 2272 | |||||
| 277 | The article is devoted to the description of the sacrificial complex in honor of the deity Mirsusne-khum, which was recorded during the field work in 2015 in the Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous district-Yugra. The complex consists of cover and a heroic helmet, both attributes of the Ob Mansi made from cloth. Dating of the objects held by him attached to the coins and determined the 1920s–1930s are the analogs described previously, the author proposes his own version of the semantics of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, which are presented at the cover and helmet. The iconography of the Heavenly horseman in the giant helmet reflects the era in which it was made: the figure of a deity endowed with the equipment and apparel specific to the Red army 1930-ies. Keywords: Mansi, helmet, cover, sacrifice, tradition | 2271 | |||||
| 278 | This paper investigates Adjectives and Nouns, denoting colours. The term Concept is supposed to be synonymous to the term Semantic field that include all initial and derivative lexemes. The present paper is accented on some peculiarities of world-building characterizing Udihe adjectives of Colour. Thematic group with the semantics of Colour is quite diverse. Various illustrations are presented in the paper. Different models of word-building are analyzed: a) Adjectives may be formed from Verbs; b) some Adjectives also may form Verbs (affixation); c) conversion is widely used in the thematic group in question; d) production of compound words (e.g. some political terms or some words denoting animals). If in the structure of compound word there is obvious indication of Colour, such word belongs to the thematic group under consideration (e.g. čaligi sula‘i “polar fox”, čaligi mafa “polar bear”). Keywords: Colours, Word-building, Affixation, Conversion, Adjective, Noun (Subject) | 2270 | |||||
| 279 | The paper reviews the role of “ethnic festivals” in the process of ethnic consolidation of Selkupancestry population in Narym area in ХХ–XXI centuries and the development of semi-professional arts and crafts within these festivals (performing arts). The discussion also reviews the role of neomythology in stimulating of consolidating processes and building ethnic identity. Keywords: Selkup, festivals, neomythology, folklore, folklore images, arts and crafts, performing arts | 2269 | |||||
| 280 | The article deals with lexical processes that indicate the activation of the Ossetian vocabulary. The purpose of the article is to describe the functional dynamism of the lexical system of the modern Ossetian literary language. In the aspect of comparison with the vocabulary of modern Russian literary language. The work showed that functional shifts in the Ossetian language are manifested in the interaction of two different vectors of modern language dynamics: on the one hand, globalization, on the other hand, regionalization. The material of these observations reveals the features of modern Ossetian and Russian lexical dynamics. Russian language policy in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, along with the active influence of the Russian language on the Ossetian language, causes the emergence of a parallel, Ossetian-Russian, line of language contacts. This fact is objectively dictated by the very nature of the latter: it is well known that any long-term ethnic contact cannot be unilateral. Keywords: functional dynamism, Ossetian language, minority language, language liberalization, language democratization, language contact, globalization, regionalization | 2269 | |||||
| 281 | The languages of the Ob-Yenissei linguistic area: Eastern Khanty, Southern Selkup, Chulym Turkic, Teleut and Ket are all underdescribed and highly endangered idioms (the total number of speakers of Southern Selkup, Eastern Khanty and Chulym Turkic is under 20 each, while Ket speakers number under 100, and Teleut – under 1 000). The study of possession in the languages of the area has not been complete, the existing works on this topic do not cover a wide range of functions and types of possessive constructions attested in these languages. There are very few studies of possession based on the data of these languages performed within a modern typological perspective taking into consideration the most recent typological parameters for the study of possession. The new project of Tomsk Department of Siberian Indigenous Languages sposnsored by Russian Fund for Humanities aims at designing a typology of possession for the underdescribed and highly endangered languages of Western Siberia, Ob-Yenniseic river basin, in particular. The project focuses on creating a “typological portrait” of these languages: the description of a wide range of possessive constructions in structurally diverse and genetically unrelated/remotely related languages of the Ob-Yenniseic area. The research focuses on both adnominal possession and predicative possession, the study of which will be performed within a general typological perspective, grammaticalization theory, information structure theory, and will cover the pragmatic aspects of possession. Being a universal category, possession does not have universal ways of manifesting possessive relations in languages: the languages of the world demonstrate a variety of means for marking possessive relations (lexical, morphological, syntactic means). Besides formal variation, possessive constructions have various functions and meanings: ownership, part-whole, kinship, associative possession, and pragmatic functions such as definiteness/indefiniteness. Keywords: possession typology morphosyntax types of possessive marking semantics of possession endangered languages of Ob-Yenisseic Area | 2267 | |||||
| 282 | The paper deals with negation markers mar in Chuvash in the context of negation markers in non-verbal predication in other Turkic variesties. The field data (elicited example and texts) were collected in Maloye Karachkino, Yadrinsky District, Chuvash Republic in 2017–2019, so the study concerns the Maloye Karachkino (or Poshkart) dialect. The paper describes in details the uses of negation marker mar and it claims that the negation marker mar has functions of astrictive negation conveying the meanings of identification and attribute of an object. It also negates some locative contexts. The other type of uses concerns with an intrusion of the negation marker mar into the negation of verbal predication. The negation marker mar occurs with some non-finite forms (the future participle on -as-, the infinitive ending on –ma- and the form on -malla). The paper aims to analyze the negation marker mar in Chuvash and additionally put it in the context of Volga and Siberia Turkic languages. There are related negation markers (eves in the Tuvinian language, emes in Tofa, nimes in Khakas and others) in Siberian Turkic languages and non-related ascriptive negation markers (tügel in Tatar and Bashkir, degil in Turkish). As evidenced by different corpora of Turkic languages in Sibiria and Volga, such negation markers have the same core semantic covering ascriptive negation. Their extensional meanings are, however, different, as well as their grammatical features. Thus, this short description may be first step to further research of microtypology of non-verbal negation. Keywords: Chuvash, Turkic languages, non-verbal negation markers, ascriptive negation | 2267 | |||||
| 283 | The purpose of this article is to characterize the image of a ram / sheep in the traditional culture of the Khakas, as an animal that gives a person well-being and prosperity. The chronological framework of the work covers the late 19th — mid-20th centuries. The choice of such time boundaries is due to the state of the source base for the research topic. Leading in the study is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in development and taking into account a specific situation. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relic) and semantic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. in the traditional culture of the Khakas, the ram / sheep and its image occupied an important place. The animal in question was extremely in demand due to its utilitarian and sacred meaning. In practical terms, it was undoubtedly perceived as an important and accessible source of meat food and raw materials for household needs; 2) The presence of a large number of small ruminants along with other domestic animals was the basis of material prosperity and a high social status of a person in society; 3) In folk life, the ram served as a measure of the value of goods and services, was widely used in exchange trade and was a widespread subject of gift exchange processes; 4) The image of a ram was consistently associated with the idea of vitality and fertility; 5) Some rams / sheep were included in the category of sacred domestic animals — yzykh. They acted as living sacrifices to various patron spirits. They believed that they mystically contributed to the well-being of the economy. Yzykh had the status of an inviolable creature and were distinguished by ritual ribbons — chalama; 6) The images of some patron spirits of sheep, to whom the yzykh were dedicated, had their own material image and were called tos. There was a ritual practice in relation to them; 7) The Khakass also gave sacred status to special animals called mal kizik or mal talaan. They usually had the appearance of a lamb and personified the center of happiness and well-being of the entire human economy; 8) In the cult practice of the Khakas, the veneration of a stone statue of a ram khucha tas, the embodiment of the life force of livestock, became widespread. Keywords: Khakas, traditional culture, rituals, ram, sheep, yzykh, tos, image, symbol, fertility, stone statue | 2267 | |||||
| 284 | The article describes the main methods of word formation in the language of Forest Yukaghirs based on the analysis of the word-formation nest with the top chie ‘cold’ in the derivational-semantic aspect. It is shown that this word-formation nest belongs to the number of macro nests, consisting of a large number of derivatives, is strongly developed and have multi-step levels (forms four degrees of derivation, each of which contains from 3 to 9 derivatives, and contains 24 members). It’s identified word-formation paradigms and lines of this word-formation nest. It is shown that on the paradigmatic level a word-formation nest with a top chie ‘cold’ is represented by 6 paradigms, on the syntagmatic level – by 18 word-formation lines, representing a series of single-root words connected by consistent motivation relationships. The word formation lines of this word formative nest are both binary and polynary, containing from two to five components. Derivatives of the derivational nest are specified, the meanings of the derivational affixes of each derivative are indicated. The characteristic is given to partial-specific features of a word-formation nest with a top chie, which includes units of different parts of speech such as a noun, verb, qualitative verb, action name, inter-word word, adverb. Using the example of a word-formation nest with a top chie ‘cold’, it is shown that the word-formation of nouns in the Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language can occur through lexicalization of word combinations. Since there are no word-formation dictionaries in the Yukaghir language, the creation of lexicographic descriptions of the Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language is a very relevant direction in Yukaghir linguistics. Studying the composition and structure of the word-formation nest will allow us to understand the structure of the word-formation of the Yukaghir language as a whole, to identify the word-formation potential of a different words, to determine, clarify or reveal the semantics of a word-formation affix. Keywords: The Yukaghir language, Kolyma dialect, forest yukaghirs, word-formation family, meaning, stage of word formation, paradigm, word-formation lines | 2266 | |||||
| 285 | Abstract. For the first time, the article discusses the subject matter, features of the language of the songs of the Shenehen Buryats in the author's translation into Russian. The uniqueness of the Shenehen Buryats, who have been living in China for about 100 years, is that they have preserved their authentic culture: language, traditional Old Mongolian script, national costume, traditions, customs and folk songs. For a long time, the topic about Buryat emigration was banned. The article also highlights the reasons and history of the emigration of the Aga Buryats to the Shenehen locality of the China, based on the work of Bodongut Abida (1983), written in Old Mongolian script. The migration of the Buryat diaspora to Bargu was ethnically protective in nature and was associated with political events in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The presence of the genre of odic songs (magtaal) in the song tradition testifies to their developed system of written culture, the distinction between written and oral texts, and the stylistic differentiation of the language of the lyrics. It has been revealed that the vocabulary of the Magtaals is sustained in a high style with an orientation towards the norms of the Old Mongolian language. An analysis of the field materials testifies to the mastery of versification of nameless poets, strictly observing the initial alliteration in strophes, using various figures of speech, the entire arsenal of grammatical forms to convey shades of semantics of the lexical unit. This allows us to argue that the lyrics are created and transmitted not only verbally, but also in writing long before the 1917 revolution. Keywords: songs of Shenehen Buryats, emigration of the Buryats, hymn songs, written culture of the Buryats | 2265 | |||||
| 286 | The article presents an overall picture of the direct contact between the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars and their northern neighbors – the Khanty of the Turtas and Demyanka rivers in a historical retrospective. The Tatar and the Khanty groups have conducted mutual visits for several centuries. The northern areas have been mainly of hunting and gathering interests to the Siberian Tatars, and the Khanty trips to the villages of the Middle Irtysh river aimed at trade and exchange, labor relations and the maintenance of social ties. The issue of these Turko-Ugric relations has not been discussed in ethnography prior to this. The authors have revealed the stages, supporting factors, connecting routes, places, forms and the circle of direct participants of the interaction. The research results have led to the hypothesis of the successive nature of the Tatar hunting rights in the Demyanka river area, inherited from the group of Middle Irtysh Khanty assimilated by them earlier. It is also assumed that between the second half of the 18th and early 19th century, the Khanty of the Yugan river, who came from the north, forced the Kurdak-Sargat Tatars into the periphery of the Demyanka hunting grounds after an open conflict. Traces of the previous history, among other things, are reflected in the local toponymy and folklore of both ethnic groups. Keywords: Kurdak-Sargat Tatars, indigenous peoples of the North, communication routes, watershed territories, interethnic interactions | 2263 | |||||
| 287 | The traditional toy of the northern Selkups, today almost forgotten by them, has not yet been studied by anyone. Meanwhile, it is a vivid fragment of the traditional Selkup culture. The research aimed to return this element of their culture to the Selkup people in the form of a scientific description. Based mainly on museum materials and partly from the author's field materials, five types of toys of the northern Selkups were identified and considered, including six types of dolls. Due to the lack of Selkup material, the method of scientific reconstruction was actively used in the study. Descriptions of the types and types of toys recorded by the Selkups were recreated based on the materials of toys of neighboring peoples. Along the way, it was established which traditions — West Siberian and East Siberian — influenced the formation of the appearance of a particular type / type of toy among the Selkups. The question of the connection between the North Selkup toy — a thing of utilitarian meaning — with the sacred, or, in other words, the question of its symbolic meanings, was considered. The author came to the conclusion that all types and types of Selkup toys in the past were sacred ritual objects, and that in the semiotic status of a toy, the ratio of “sign” and “thing” over time shifted towards the “thing”. The study was completed by the materials included in it on the current state of the traditional North Selkup toy. Keywords: Northern Selkups, Nenets, Khanty, Evenki, Keto, traditional culture, traditional toy, semiotic status of a thing | 2260 | |||||
| 288 | The paper is devoted to the study of transformations in the Khakass language consciousness over the past 15 years. The strengthening of the positive value dominants in the perception of the stimulus kizi "person", represented in the syntagmatic models of moral, intellectual and external evaluation of a person is identified. Noticeable growth of the paradigmatic scheme of association in the structure of associative fields tugan "relative", aal "Khakass village", aal?y "guest" is associated with changes in the psycholinguistic categorization of the social space of a person. The growth of the significance of family ties, birthplace, homeland in the Khakass language consciousness correlate with the process of adaptation to dynamic socio-economic realities. Keywords: Khakass language, Khakass language consciousness, psycholinguistic meaning, associative field, axiological meaning | 2259 | |||||
| 289 | The article includes some research results of the metalanguage reflection of German dialects of speakers living in Tomsk region, one of the Siberian regions of the Russian Federation. Research materials were collected through the implementation of field expeditions in rural settlements of Tomsk region, where a significant proportion of the population are Germans. The statements about the language of the informants are analyzed in this article; modeling of their experienced history of the usage of languages is carried out. The model, based on the analysis of the “subjective data”, provides a concept of relevant and irrelevant linguistic phenomena for the perception of bilingual German respondents, which allows following up the development of their language loyalty and language associations diachronically. Keywords: German dialects in Siberia, Russian Germans, language attitude, language biography | 2257 | |||||
| 290 | Kolyma Yukaghir does not have a verb equivalent of the English ‘have.’ Instead, for the expression of predicative possession, it uses proprietive verbs derived from nouns by affixation of the suffix -n’e/-n.’ This paper describes and analyzes proprietive verbs in Kolyma Yukaghir. Particular attention will be paid to their semantic and pragmatic characteristics. After overviewing the derivation and syntax of proprietive verbs, I will discuss the semantic variations they can have, depending on the types of relationships that obtain between possessors and possessees. I will also discuss a pragmatic characteristic of their main clause use in terms of information structure, which contrasts with existential clauses. Keywords: Kolyma Yukaghir, proprietive verb, predicative possession | 2256 | |||||
| 291 | The field notes result from the field project to the Northern Selkup (Taz) communities in Krasnoselkup region of Tyumen oblast in the summer of 1979. The project team of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Science of USSR lead by G. I. Pelikh collected data in the villages of Krasnoselkup and Tol'ka, visiting a set of local camps along the rivers Taz and Khudoseja. The field notes shed light onto the aspects of traditional economy, material and spiritual culture of Selkus: settlement patterns, land use, rules of hunting and fishing, burial rituals, inheritance, family life, court of local lord, types of punishment and other. The notes also include a set of fairytales. Keywords: Selkup, settlement, traditional economy, family, rituals, heritage | 2254 | |||||
| 292 | The article presents the analysis of the semantic structure of the imperative of the 2nd person singular (“you”) in the Tuvan language, which is put the semantic feature at the degree of down-toning, degree of controllability, the time setting of causable action. The basis for motivation of speaker to perform an action is, maybe, in his point of view, the necessity (debitive) and the possibility of performing downtoning action put into the addressee by the speaker. Various combinations of the semantic features and the character of the relationship between the participants of the speech act and the features of social subordination determine the whole semantic structure of the imperative of the 2nd person singular. Such personal meanings of the imperative as an order, request, instruction, suggestion, permission, advice, consent and permission are formed in the article. Keywords: imperative, 2nd person singular, causation, order, request, instruction, suggestion, permission, advice, consent, permission, the degree of down-toning, degree of controllability, the time setting, the modality meanings | 2254 | |||||
| 293 | In this article, we are conducting a study on the origin of the Anlаut phoneme [š] in the Turkic languages using the example of one of the Kypchak languages, viz. the Bashkir language. In the Turkic languages, the problem of the existence of lexemes with the initial phoneme [š] is very relevant. The Altaicists do not reconstruct it to the pre-Turkic state. Presence of the grapheme š in the Turkic runic monuments is also controversial. However, our research shows that onomatopoeia with the initial [š] and their derivatives are widely spread in the Turkic languages, and they show analogies. This phenomenon can speak of the existence of a sizzling phoneme in the ancient Turkic state before the dissolution of the Turkic language community, at least in imitative words. In the Bashkir language in independent parts of speech, the initial phoneme [w] is a phonetic innovation of the transition of the Proto-Turkic *s > š. The [š] Anlaut in the Bashkir language can also be the result of the spirantization of the praTurk affricate *č-. Most of the lexemes are ancient borrowings even in the period of the existence of the Bashkir language in the ancient Turkic community (Mongolisms, ancient Indian borrowings), and later – at the stage of independent existence in the Ural-Volga region (Bulgarisms, Finno-Ugric borrowings, etc.). Keywords: Bashkir language, Turkic, assimilation, borrowings, Anlaut "š", spirantization | 2254 | |||||
| 294 | This article deals with verbs of closing and opening in the Western local idioms of Khanty (the villages of Ovgort, Muzhi, Vosyahovo, Tegi). The data were collected during fieldwork. The Khanty material is considered within a broader typological investigation adopting the frame-based approach to lexical typology. I discuss the semantic distinctions in the domain concerned and the categorization of the basic frames, pointing out some dialectal variation. The asymmetry between the subdomains of closing and opening is also taken into account, as well as some metaphoric shifts accompanied by morphosyntactic changes. Keywords: Khanty, verbs of closing, verbs of opening, semantics, lexical typology | 2253 | |||||
| 295 | The paper presents quantitative data on the modifying participial clauses in Udi (Lezgic, Nakh-Daghestanian), based on text corpora. There are two participles in Udi, a perfective and an imperfective one; modifying participial clauses precede nominal heads, and the participle is clause-final within its clause. Like in other Nakh-Daghestanian languages, modifying participial clauses in Udi are close equivalents of relative clauses proper. However, as they allow a wider range of possible associations between a head noun and a clause, they can be rather assigned to what is known as general noun-modifying clause constructions (GNMCCs). The main goal of the paper is the analysis of frequencies of different associations between participial clauses and head nouns in terms of arguments, adjuncts or otherwise. In total, about 1,000 occurrences of participial clauses in the Nizh dialect of Udi were taken into account, drawn from three corpora: one spoken, one written comprising a translated text of the Gospel of Luke, and another written corpus comprising two collections of original folklore. The Udi data were compared to the data on relativization frequencies available for a few other Nakh-Daghestanian languages, including Agul, Archi, Lezgian, etc. The main generalizations which can be made from the counts are as follows. In participial clauses, intransitive predicates (especially the verb ‘be’) turned out to be more frequent than transitive ones. Relativization of the three core arguments S, A and P accounts for the vast majority of all occurrences (more than 80%), with the intransitive subject S by far outnumbering agent and patient (the same is true for the other languages of the family). Unlike in some other related languages, relativization of the agent is more frequent than that of the patient in Udi. Relativizations frequencies for peripheral arguments and adjuncts is small compared to some other languages of the family (less than one fifth of all occurrences). Among the non-core relativizations, the locative and the temporal ones are the most common. Also, the Udi data confirms the impression that although “extended” uses (i.e. non-syntactic associations) typical of GNMCCs are indeed attested, their frequency is very low. Keywords: relativization, relative clause, participle, participial clause, corpus linguistics, Nakh-Daghestanian languages, East Caucasian languages, Lezgic languages, Udi language | 2253 | |||||
| 296 | The paper considers the problem of ethnic identity of Belarusians and the Ukrainians of Tomsk region in the context of ethnic revival. The paper describes the main directions of work of Ukrainian and Belarusian cultural centers in Tomsk, presenting an evaluation of how the national-cultural centers work is consideration of such indicators as population. The reasons of these organizations’ limited influence on the daily life of people are revealed. Separate groups within the ethnic societies under study are defined according to the degree of expressed ethnic self-consciousness, as well as the factors defining it. The ways of public activity outside the national organizations are also demonstrated. It has been found that the processes of self-organization of the Ukrainians and Belarusians of Tomsk region occur in conditions of blurring of ethnic identity and have not lead to the growth of their population in the region. Keywords: ethnic identity, processes of ethnic revival, Belarusians, Ukrainians | 2252 | |||||
| 297 | Raw materials and molding compounds of ceramics from Shelomok II settlement have been studied. The paper presents the results of this study, and compares the findings of the technical and technological analysis and studies of ornaments. It has been established that soft clays (mainly non-ferruginous and, much less often, ferruginous clays) were used in ceramic production. Addition of gruss has been identified as the main cultural tradition in using mineral admixtures. A mixture of traditions in using mineral admixtures (gruss + chamotte) has been revealed. When comparing the findings of the technical and technological analysis with ceramic ornaments, the authors have identified Group 1B: Pearls with Separation as representing the greatest mixture of skills in preparation of molding compounds. The rest of groups represent an approximately equal mixture of cultural traditions, which is not as significant as in Group 1B. The study of adaptive skills and ornaments shows an influx of new population and their contacts with local tribes. Keywords: Shelomok culture, settlement, technical and technological analysis, molding compound, raw materials, ornament | 2252 | |||||
| 298 | The article is devoted to a topical but poorly developed topic in the Russian humanities – visual anthropology as a form of scientific knowledge, a means of fixing and representing materials. It is well known, that the decisive role in the development of the frontier regions of the country during the imperial period was played by professional researchers and travelers, who actively used photographic technology in their activities. Numerous photographic documents collected by them during scientific expeditions are scattered among the funds of central and regional museum and archival institutions. This study focuses on visual anthropological materials from the expedition of the famous ethnographer Ivan Alekseevich Lopatin in 1913, stored in the archives of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region, and studied by the author of the article during research work in the summer of 2020. Many of the photographic documents under consideration, being unique evidence of the cultural evolution of the peoples of the Amur region at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. By comparing the textual and visual archives of the researcher, the key ethnographic images recorded by him among the Orochs and Golds (Nanai) peoples are distinguished and analyzed: phenomena of material and spiritual culture, fishing processes and physical types. The methodological discoveries of Ivan Lopatin in the field of the ethnographer's field work are also specially considered: parallel written and photographic recording of materials in the process of expeditionary research for the subsequent use of photographic documents as illustrations to the main provisions of scientific publications. The photographic work of Ivan Lopatin is analyzed in a historical and anthropological vein, in comparison with thematically related studies of other authors and academic paradigms of the corresponding period. The conclusion is made about the scientist's archival photographic heritage as an informative historical and ethnographic source, visually reflecting not only the culture of the photograph, but also the one who is filming; transmitting not only ethnographic information, but also its figurative and emotional context. The historical experience of Ivan Lopatin is shown as a completely relevant methodological example for today's visual anthropological practices. Keywords: ethnographic photography, visual anthropology, Golds, Orochi, Ivan Lopatin | 2250 | |||||
| 299 | The article contains the comparative analysis of gaming motives of the Russian, Komi, Mari, Udmurt, Mordovian and Karelian people and the as Bashkir, Tatar and Khanty ethnos. The consideration is based on the game "Bear-grandma" and the children's rhymes. The game "Bear-grandma" shows the commonality of the plot and the game songs in the Udmurt, Komi, Khanty, Bashkir and is evidence of a common substrate, rooted in the culture of Western Siberian Ugric peoples of the first Millennium A.D., who lived in the middle and upper reaches of the Ob river; recorded versions of a similar game in Mari and Russian explained ethno-cultural contacts. The comparison of the materials of children's readers allows us to conclude that they are genetically related, demonstrating the calculation of the text. It is hypothesized that "children's zaum" brought to us the oldest words of prayer and conspiracy, preserved at the beginning and end of the text. These materials allow us to assert that the game folklore and gaming culture widespread in the borders of specific areal. Keywords: rhymes, gaming culture, semantics, ritual, ethno-cultural contacts of the peoples of Volga and Ural regions | 2246 | |||||
| 300 | Traditional Belarusian costume is a unique phenomenon in the culture of Eastern European folks. It had preserved archaic general Slavonic features connected with materials and manufacturing technologies, decoration character and manners of wearing till first decades of XX century. The article concerns the problem of scientific reconstruction of one of traditional costume complexes which was common for the territory of Igumen uezd (county) of Minsk Governorate in the late XIX and early XX century (nowadays it is Berezino district of Minsk region). Till recent period the traditional costume of this area was not widely known, though V. K. Kostko, student of Saint-Petersburg University, collected first data about it as early as in 1905. These materials in the form of a photo album and a small number of museum articles are preserved in the Russian Museum of Ethnography (Saint-Petersburg). Nearly in one hundred years they served as impulse for a deeper research. In 2003–2009 authors of the article conducted a number of expeditions on the territory of Berezino district which enabled them to collect valuable substantial and information materials. Based on the analysis of museum articles, archive photos and materials of contemporary field studies artistic and plastic features of previously unknown local variants of a traditional Belarusian costume were reconstructed. Clothing material collected during expeditions and scientific reconstruction of manners of women’s headdress, belts and other clothing articles helped to represent a traditional Berezino costume in the Museum of Ancient Belarusian Culture (Minsk). Keywords: traditional costume of Berezino district, V. K. Kostko, the Russian Museum of Ethnography, field studies, reconstruction, the Museum of Ancient Belarusian Culture | 2245 | |||||
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