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| 201 | Possessive markers in Permic languages are widely used outside the contexts that have been described as possessive relations (Aikhenvald, Dixon, 2013). In particular, they can signal definiteness (Schlachter,1960; Suihkonen, 2005; Edygarova, 2010; Winkler, 2011). As a consequence, there are works that consider the hypothesis of grammaticalization of possessive markers in Permic as definite articles (Fraurud, 2001). However, they can be used in contexts that require an indefinite reading: first, they encode indefinite elements of a definite set or part of a mass; second, they occur with indefinite and interrogative pronouns; and third, they are used with quantifiers and numerals (in contexts of indefiniteness). The present paper offers an explanation for this phenomenon. The work is based on the data of the Pechora dialect of Komi-Zyrian and the Beserman dialect of Udmurt. Both the elicitation and corpus methods are used. The Permic possessive markers do not exhibit exhaustivity, which is observed with possessive pronouns in English, French and other languages (Simonenko, 2017; Simonenko in press). They can denote an indefinite part of a definite mass or an indefinite subset of a definite set (e.g., there were some stones in the barrel, and he took a stone). Hence, they can be used with numerals, quantifiers and pronouns that can introduce an indefinite part of a definite set or mass (e.g. which of them, one of them, someone of them). In all those contexts the possessive markers are used as referential devices, rather than markers of definiteness. Hence, their functions are adequately described in terms of reference, rather than in terms of definiteness. Keywords: Uralic languages, Udmurt, Komi-Zyrian, syntax, possessive suffixes, quantifier, noun phrase, definiteness, indefiniteness, reference, referential properties | 2252 | |||||
| 202 | According to a hypothesis put forward by E. A. Helimski, the paradigmatic alternation of root vowels (ablaut) in Khanty results from the influence of second syllable vowels, themselves partially lost already in Proto-Khanty. Helimski’s internal reconstruction of these vowels – ablaut triggers *I, *II, *U and *AA – is convincing, but their Uralic origins remain unknown. The purpose of the present article is to investigate the origins of one of these vowels – the ablaut trigger *I. This vowel is found in four suffixes: 1) a suffix deriving adjectives from local nouns, 2) a suffix of denominal nouns, 3) a suffix of deverbal nouns, and 4) coaffix of possessive forms in kinship terms. The locative adjective suffix and the possessive coaffix have reliable counterparts in other Uralic languages. The locative adjective suffix *-I has cognates in Mansi, Permic, and Samoyedic. These cognates allow us to reconstruct the Proto-Uralic locative adjective suffix as *-ji. The coaffix of the possessive forms in kinship terms *-I- has parallels in Mari, Udmurt, Hungarian, and Selkup. We can suppose that Proto-Uralic had a distinct series of possessive affixes for kinship terms, that differed from usual possessive affixes by having attached a coaffix *-j- before 1st and 2nd person markers. Keywords: Uralic languages, Ob-Ugric languages, historical phonology, morphological reconstruction, Proto-Uralic | 2250 | |||||
| 203 | The article reviewed the category of time in the heroic epic of Mongolian peoples. Basing on the analysis of 27 epics the personal time of hero is considered in the general story-event time context. It was revealed that in general story time, having the property to tighten and stretch, the personal hero time is characterized by hopping movement and at the same time by statics and stability, its structured biographically, distinguished by wholeness and line-return current. The hero time continuum remains open and endless, time length extends into non-textual space. Epics show mythological shamanic worldview with concepts of cyclic life, continuation of the existence of human soul in the time stream. Keywords: Mongolian peoples, heroic epic, story, time category | 2249 | |||||
| 204 | This paper analyzes some of the aspects of Western-Europe’s anti-Semitism. A retrospect of the ethnical treatment of Jews in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union of the 1920s–1940s, the paper focuses on the way the Jewish national character is represented in pre-revolutionary and Soviet cinema. The pre-revolutionary Russian cinema, featuring mainly melodramatic storylines, makes the audience feel sympathy for the Jewish misfortune, thus suggesting the viewers to see the Jew as a fellow man. In contrast, the Soviet cinema depicts the traditional Jewish way of life, representing the Jewish involvement in the February Revolution of 1917, partly portraying the events of Jewish resettlement in the Crimea, as well as the resettlement of Jews in the Far Eastern Jewish Autonomous Region. Keywords: national identity, Jewish national character, antisemitism, the traditional Jewish way of life depicted in the pre-revolutionary Russian cinema, the Jewish involvement in the Russian Revolution as portrayed in the Soviet cinema, Jewish resettlement (in th | 2246 | |||||
| 205 | This article aims at discovering basic strategies of predicative possession formation in Selkup dialects. It is an integral part of a current typological project that examines the verbalization of the notion/concept of predicative possession in the Ob-Yenisei linguistic area. After Stassen (2009, 2013), we give prominence to formal criteria based on the syntactic encoding of Possessor and Possessee instead that to semantic ones. According to Stassen, the predicative possessive constructions observed in the languages of the world can be reduced to five syntactic patterns only. Four construction strategies are found in Selkup dialects although only locational possessive and Genitive possessive occupy the central part in this system while two other strategies belong to the periphery: [Possessor-LOC + V.ex. + Possessee] (Locational Possessive) [Possessor-GEN + Possessee + V.ex.] (Genitive Possessive). [Possessor + Possessee-COM.INSTR + V.ex.] (Conjunctional Possessive). [Possessor + V.tr. + Possessee] (Have-Possession). In conclusion, we can state that, in the case of Selkup, in expressions of ‘having’ the Possessor is given emphasis and the predicate is a transitive verb, while in expressions of ‘belonging’ the Possessee is given emphasis and the predicate is copular. Keywords: dialects of the Selkup language, predicative, locative, genitive comitative, transitive possessive | 2246 | |||||
| 206 | This article shows the results of the corpus method approbation in the investigation of the folklore materials. The application of this method to purely folklore resources has allowed to describe the ethnographic character of the Selkup material culture in detail. The ethnographic context of the folklore texts from different Selkup local groups massively demonstrates their main subsistence activities: a combination of hunting and fishing. Meanwhile, each local group reveals its own distinctive features: the Middle-Taz areal – duck-hunting and fishing with the fishing net; the Central dialectal areal – squirrel hunting and fishing, etc. It has been verified that the locus of each of the Selkup cultures differs in the folklore texts not only in the distribution of the main subsistence activities, but also in the ethnographic details of daily routine. The range of ethnographic details varies in in the Northern and in the Central areals. Everyday realities from the Northern dialectal areal include the «chum» (a special tent) and a fireplace in the form of a bonfire, whereas the heroes from the Central dialectal areal live in «izbushkas» with a «chuval» (a special fireplace). Furthermore, it has been established that the Selkup material culture reflected in the folklore fairytales is archaic. Keywords: Selkups, local groups, folklore texts, hull method | 2246 | |||||
| 207 | The paper briefly presents the linguistic reasons of correlation between the onym Khamnigan as alloethnonym of people of Tungus origin among the eastern group of Buryat and the ancient ethnonym Samoyed – the name of Samoyedic tribes and peoples of medieval Siberia. Alloethnonym Khamnigan as an onym, consisting of two components, it has a final element -nigan, which is considered to originate from tribal Nikan – population of Nikan state or the state of dog-headed people Gou-Go. The root of alloethnonym Khamnigan Kham- may be correlated with the radix Sam- of the ethnonym Samoyed. In this case the historical alternation of consonants h- // s- is revealed, typical both for Samoyedic and Mongol languages. Investigation gives an opportunity to propose the identity of alloethnonym Khamnigan and ethnonym Samoyed, which originated under the influence of local contact languages – Chinese and Tungus- Man’chzhu, also observed in other local languages such as – Ket, Nenets and Buryat. Keywords: Alloethnonym Khamnigan, Aginsk Buryat, Khori-Buryat, nikan, Nikan state, Nelyudsky (Nerchinsk) Ostrog, Gou-Go, dog-headed people, etymology, contact languages, Nerchinsky uezd, Khorinsk Steppe duma, over-log-grave burial constructions in the form of «hous | 2246 | |||||
| 208 | In the work the nomination of birch bark dishes, which enjoyed Selkups themselves as representatives of different dialect and local groups of this ethnos, is correlated with views of birch bark items characterising their everyday life. The samples of birch bark utensils of southern Selkups from Russian and Helsinki (Finland) museums were used for the analysis, the museum documentation accompanying them was also analysed. The correlation of all available real copies in groups of classification with identifying nominative nearby was conducted on the basis of the previously developed classification of birch bark utensils. They allowed to determine the general designations of groups of objects of traditional Selkup origin, to identify the particular dialect names, to determine borrowing of birch bark utensils by Selkups, on the basis of linguistic data. Keywords: birch bark utensils, Selkups, Selkup language, dialects of Selkup, Selkup collection in Russian museums, classification, nomination items | 2245 | |||||
| 209 | A characteristic feature of Northern Samoyedic is the referential, non-possessive use of second person possessive suffixes (further PX.2P) as a means of encoding topics. Although the importance of this feature for information structure is relatively well understood, the interaction of information structure with syntax has not received sufficient attention in prior research; the central aim of this study is to shed light on the structure of the noun phrase that hosts the referential PX. The investigation is a qualitative follow-up study of a prior investigation on the function and use of the PX.2P in the indigenous languages of the Taimyr Peninsula (Siegl in print). As the data of this study demonstrates, Northern Samoyedic languages display uniform structural behavior in their morphosyntactic realization of PX.2P marked noun phrases, in both verbal and non-verbal predication. Furthermore, topic marking in two languages of the same area, Dolgan and Taimyr Pidgin Russian, will be briefly examined too. Keywords: Northern Samoyedic languages, Dolgan, Taimyr Pidgin Russian, definiteness, possessive suffixes, information structure, noun phrase | 2244 | |||||
| 210 | Here we report on the results of the experimental study investigating an impact of verbal communication on male group cooperation. The coevolution of cooperation and verbal communication makes up a special interest within evolutionary anthropology, since Homo sapiens is distinguished by outstanding cooperative and communicative (language) abilities. Male cooperation is of particular interest. Historically emerged so that activities, which require high group-cooperation skills (warfare, big-game hunting), are predominantly or exclusively male occupations. Maintaining high level of cooperation among males, in contrast to females, was also encouraged by widely spread patrilocality tradition, meaning that males were closely genetically related with each other during the whole life-span (a powerful factor for enhancement of cooperation according to Hamilton’s kin-selection theory). Participants of our study were young men of Mongolian origin (Buryats of Southern Siberia), whose traditional culture involved nomadic pastoralism and patrilocality. Individual predispositions for pro-social behavior were assessed via group cooperation game – “Public Goods Game”, which was played in groups of four participants, under condition of the “face-to-face” interactions. In this game each participant was asked to decide how much of his own funds (real monetary equivalents were given to his disposal by the experimenter) he was willing to invest into a “common project” (not invested funds were kept by a participant). The sum of investments into “common project” was then doubled and distributed equally between all four group members. This game allows estimating individual predispositions for cooperation, cheating, and altruistic behavior. The experiment was conducted in 2 rounds: (1) under condition of absence of any intentional communication between participants; (2) with verbal negotiations option. Worth noting that all investment decisions in both rounds were made privily, so that other group members had no information on investments of their partners (even despite any verbal agreements in the second round). Our results have demonstrated that verbal communication has a crucial positive impact on cooperative behavior, shifts individual behavior towards maximizing group benefits as opposed to immediate personal gain. Increased individual verbal expressiveness was characteristic of highly pro-socially oriented subjects. However a small fraction of our participants was characterized by anti-social behavior (employing cheating strategy), and these subjects were even more talkative than others. This result suggests that cheaters have applied exaggerated (supernatural) stimulus to build own trustworthiness in a group, which is a prerequisite of successful cheating. The results are discussed from evolutionary perspective. Keywords: cooperation, communication, verbal communication, Public Goods Game, altruism, Buryats, human evolution | 2240 | |||||
| 211 | Subject to introduction into a scientific circulation being new data on methods of pottery production of the Srubnaya and Srubnaya-and-Alakul culture, basing on materials from the barrow [kurgan] 3 of the «Julaly-8» barrow burial in Bashkir Trans-Ural. Resulting from a technical-and-technological analysis of the pottery, subject to a description being traditions of selection and preparation of the initial plastic raw material, making of molding compound, pots molding, surface treatment of articles, and kilning. Keywords: Bashkir Trans-Ural, late Bronze Age, technical and technological pottery analysis, pottery reconstruction | 2235 | |||||
| 212 | In the present article on the basis of the etymological analysis of the Ossetian and Georgian toponymy of the Darial gorge is an attempt of reconstruction of the ethnic history of the region. Particular attention is paid to the name of the mountain Kazbek — Sæna, coinciding with the name of the population of the Daryal gorge, living at the foot of this mountain. Also discusses possible connections with the group of words of the ethnonym sanars (tsanars), presented in antique and in medieval Arabic and Persian sources. According to the author, the basis of these and other place names of Ossetia is the ancient Iranian verbal stem *san- ‘to rise’, not preserved in the Ossetian language in free use. One of the derivatives of this stem is the toponym Sænæg (name of the river), which has an exact match in the Avestian language — sanaka- ‘mouth of the river’. Keywords: toponymy of Ossetia, mount Kazbek, ethnonym Sanar, history of language, ethnic history, Ossetian language, Georgian language | 2234 | |||||
| 213 | The article attempts to provide a systemic description of the phenomenon of pseudoborrowing which is characteristic for modern literary languages. The focus of discussion is the extralinguistic determinism of this phenomenon also peculiar to conventional borrowings. The first significant feature of pseudoborrowing appears its secondary character to the actual borrowing, which becomes the foundation for the subsequent processes of a posteriori word formation within the recipient language. The second important feature of pseudoborrowing is its being unknown and incomprehensible by speakers of a donor language. The third one is the manipulative character of this language phenomenon. Under this aspect pseudoborrowing can be viewed in two ways: either as a result of conscious manipulation of borrowed morphological material by recipient language speakers, e. g., for ideological purposes; or as a phenomenon of “reactive power” of language system, constantly forced to create something new out of available means within an exoglossic language situation. Pseudoborrowing is considered an ambivalent phenomenon: on the one hand, mentioned above extralinguistic determinism features and the designation itself emphasize its exogenous nature; on the other hand, the a posteriori nature of its products compared with the actual borrowing testify to its endogenous nature, i. e., belonging to the internal processes of a recipient language. The intensity of forming pseudoborrowings is proportional to the prestige of the borrowed donor language material in the communicative practice of recipient language speakers. The phenomenon of pseudoborrowing is a symptom of the diversification and internationalization of the morphological substrate of a certain lingua franca. The advantage of the approach proposed lies in the possibility of a holistic interpretation of the nature of pseudoborrowing considering trends of sociolinguistic and contactological orders. Keywords: pseudoborrowing, aposteriori coinages, manipulation, diamorphism tendencies, exo-glossic language situation | 2233 | |||||
| 214 | The article is written based on the research of the set of historical documents, written materials provided by the head of the polish national and cultural association “Spring” N. E. Hartman about the fate of Poles in the Altay Mountains in 1930–1950. The article focuses on the necessity of restoration and preservation of historical records about the fate of Polish people in periods of deportation and Stalinist purges as well as during the Great Patriotic War in the Altay Mountain. The article is a try to accumulate research experience of scientists, public organizations and private individuals in regards to specification of the statistical and actual information about the fate of Poles in the Altay Mountain during Stalinist purges and the Great Patriotic War. Keywords: polish national and cultural association “Spring”, deportation, purges, Republic of Poland, Oirotia, Altay Mountains | 2231 | |||||
| 215 | The paper explores the agricultural practices of middle-Ob (Narym) Selkups. The agricultural practices in question imply the cultivation of soil for cereals and garden cultures. The discussion reviews possible sources of agricultural tradition in local Samoyedic population, estimated length of adaptation of agricultural skills, and the initial results of cultivation of cereal and garden cultures. In the process of the study, it was identified that until the XVII cent. the middle-Ob Selkups did not practice agriculture. The original culture demonstrated the typical forest hunter-fisher culture. The initial introduction of agricultural technology can be dated to the initial settlement of Russian population in the Narym area in the XVII century. The analysis produced a set of conclusions: regardless of isolated attempts, cereal cultivation failed to integrate into the Selkup culture for a variety of reasons; garden cultivation, as another external innovation, managed to integrate solidly, occasionally at the expense of the dominant traditional hunter-fisher economy. Synchronically, garden cultivation can be considered a stable component of the traditional Selkup economy. Keywords: Selkups, agriculture in Siberia, innovation, cereal cultivation, garden cultivation, traditional food production | 2229 | |||||
| 216 | The article displays the interconnection of language and habitat of homo under conditions of artificial selection; factors determining this interconnection are examined; advantages of environmental approach are emphasized and spheres of its potential implementation for language studies are proposed. The overriding prerequisite of the environmental determinism of language nature appears the fact, that outside their habitat human individuals easily do without language, which is considered an artificial product of cultural activity of man inside the human environment. Transferring language into the next generation occurs extragenomically – via environment mainly owning to ritualized everyday practice. Language is a non-recurrent and socially determined product of mankind, impossibly existing outside the habitat of homo or for only one person. The rhizome of language is developing nonlinearly, asymmetrically and acentrically. Keywords: human language, speech, talking, homo loquens, language acquisition, environment, environmental approach | 2228 | |||||
| 217 | Хантыйский язык представляет собой диалектный континуум. Не только носители диалектов, находящихся на противоположных и наиболее удаленных друг от друга точках континуума, но также носители диалектов одной диалектной группы не понимают друг друга. Представленная исследовательская работа направлена на документацию и описание находящегося на грани исчезновения васюганского диалекта хантыйского языка, на котором говорят ханты Томской области. В настоящее время насчитывается менее десяти носителей данного диалекта, свободно владеющих родным языком. Представлен анализ сложных предложений в васюганском диалекте, которые подверглись синтаксической реструктуризации под влиянием длительного и интенсивного языкового контакта с носителями русского языка. Изменения синтаксиса сложных предложений наблюдаются в порядке слов, финитном/инфинитном придаточных предложениях и в использовании средств подчинительной связи, что представляет собой случаи грамматической конвергенции. Название статьи предполагает, что грамматическая конвергенция является проявлением языковой аттриции в речи отдельных носителей васюганского диалекта. Keywords: восточные диалекты хантыйского языка, сложное предложение, стратегии образования определительных придаточных предложений, языковой контакт, грамматическая конвергенция, языковая аттриция | 2227 | |||||
| 218 | The matter under discussion in this paper is the recollection of theoretical issues on borderland debate that is heavily carried out without proper field recognition. Thus, I provide in this paper summary of field work in Bagrationovsk (Russia) supported by the photographical material. Keywords: Anthropology of Central and Easter Europe, Borderland Discourse, Russia, Bagrationowsk | 2227 | |||||
| 219 | The intonation of the Teleut utterances is under consideration in this work: Кижи эзенjит. – ‘The man thinks’. – [kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt]Салқын қаақjит. – ‘The wind blows’. – [salkъn qa:qjɨt], Кижи эзенjит пa? – ‘Does the man think?’ – [kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt pa], Салқын қаақjит пa? – ‘Does the wind blow?’ – [salkъn qa:qjɨt pa], Неденааре кижи эзентит? – ‘What does the man think about?’ – [nεdεna:rε kɨӡɨ εzεnjɨt], Каани салкын каақтит? – ‘Where does the wind blow?’ – [ka:nI salkъn ka:qjɨt], which were pronounced by 10 Teleut speakers, who live in the village Bekovo, Belovo district, Kemerovo region. We analyzed the phrases by help of computer programs Speech Analyzer 3.01 and Wave Assistant using audiovisual method and relying on speaker’s perception. Keywords: Turk languages, the Teleut language, intonation, speech prosody, linguistic universals, speech perception | 2225 | |||||
| 220 | Present study concentrates on the distribution of feminine diminutive nominal suffixes in Serbian and Croatian. Both languages possess a dominant system with one prepotent suffix (-ica), whose combinability is (morphonologically) not restrained. All the constraints on the combinability of the suffix which functioned on the previous stages of language development (and are still in effect in closely related languages) are eliminated. The rival suffix -ka has almost been lost in its diminutive meaning and functions as a hypocoristic suffix. The main distinction of the two systems lies in the operation of the archaic suffix -ca. While Serbian has preserved the suffix in its main function (diminutivization of the former i-stems), Croatian has almost lost it: suffix -ca does not function as a diminutive suffix in Croatian. Keywords: Serbian language, Croatian language, South Slavonic languages, derivation, diminutivation, morphology | 2225 | |||||
| 221 | The article is devoted to the characteristic of the figures of speech and expressive means of the Mansi language of lexical, phonetic, morphological, and syntactic levels of the language on the example of folklore texts. In modern linguistics, the language of Mansi children's oral folk art in the systemic-structural aspect has not been studied. In the present work we adhered to the methodological principles developed by Russian and foreign scientists: A. N. Balandin, E. I. Rombandeeva, A. Kannisto, B. Munkácsi, M. Liimola, etc. The choice of methodology was determined by the objectives and the purpose of the research. To solve the scientific problems we have applied linguoculturological approach to the consideration of texts of Mansi children's folklore. The use of the systemic-structural approach contributed to the explication of the integrity of the object of the research. Structural and semantic analysis also plays an important role in the research. Identification of texts representing the system of the figures of speech and the expressive means was carried out by the method of continuous sampling. The analyzed material shows that the special linguistic originality of the figures of speech and the expressive means is explicated, first of all, at the lexical level and is related to representation of outdated vocabulary (archaisms and historicisms), borrowing of nominations of the lexical and thematic groups ‘Orthodox faith’ and ‘traditional activity of the Mansi – reindeer herding, fishing, and hunting’. The combination of phonetic, lexical and semantic, stylistic and syntactic units in their special combination creates a special expressiveness and imagery in the texts of children's Mansi folklore. An important place in the process of forming of the structure of the genre palette of the Mansi texts is occupied by the units of formulaic character, which perform compositional, sense-forming and expressive functions and the system of repetitions, which play the role of stylistic, rhyming and compositional means. Keywords: folklore; language; sound recording; parallelism; repetition; comparisons; vocabulary | 2223 | |||||
| 222 | The article deals with the graphical system of a Western Khanty manuscript — the Russian-Khanty dictionary created by the priest Vologodsky (1842). The language of this manuscript has not been described in detail so far; there is only some information about its history. I describe the inventory of graphical symbols used in the dictionary and discuss possible phonological correspondences for each of them in comparison with the data from the contemporary dialects of Western Khanty. The dictionary by Vologodsky has some features from Obdorsk and Berezovo dialects; different elements of the graphical (and phonological) system can show the characteristics of various dialects (thus, in many examples the letters о and а are mixed, which may correlate with the distribution of the phonemes /ɔ/ and /a/ in the Obdorsk dialect, but with few exceptions there is no mixing of the letters ш and с / the phonemes /š/ and /s/, which would be expected in the Obdorsk dialect). For some cases we may, however, suggest that the graphical system of the manuscript does not show some of the existing phonological oppositions (cf. no graphical differentiation for the phonemes /a/ and /ă/ consistently distinguished in Western Khanty). Another issue is the marking of word stress, in particular when it falls on the non-first syllables, and the use of two different symbols for word stress: the primary and the most frequent one, and the secondary one occurring on function words, and also on some content words. Keywords: Khanty, manuscripts, graphics, phonetics, word stress | 2223 | |||||
| 223 | The article deals with decoded audio records of legends and is dedicated to the peculiarities of epic performance traditions, exemplified by occasional repetitions and slips of tongue. These typically occur at the time in the tale and are natural for the spoken discourse. Self-repairs and clarifications by the storyteller greatly facilitates the folklore analysis. In addition to random slips of the tongue, the teller, A. P. Napazakov makes errors, which are repaired by him immediately. Such errors, slips of the tongue, repetitions, Russian borrowings – are the performer's personal inputs, dependent on memory, mood and even on the audience, which is an evidence of direct effect of a storyteller can have on the contents of epic and its perception. Keywords: Shor heroic epic stories, epic storyteller’s speech, Russian loans, repeats and reservations | 2222 | |||||
| 224 | The article is the first to give an ethno-linguistic analysis of the theonyms Yezim and Yazhylkan) in the shamanic mythology of the Altaians, taking into account their origin, historical and ethnographic context and cultural semantics. The research material is shamanic texts, written at the beginning of the twentieth century in various dialectal groups of Altaians. In the internal form of these theonyms lies the motivating word jеs / jas ‘copper, copper’ (Yezim – lit. ‘My copper’; Jazhylkan – lit. ‘Copper Khan’). This suggests that the origin of these theonyms is associated with the mythologization of copper and the deification of the mountains. The mythologization of metals and the appearance on the basis of this folklore images is characteristic of archaic cultures. The Altai shamans called Yezim a mountain, as well as the host spirit of this mountain, which they considered their patron saint (aru töc). Altai shamans believed that this copper mountain is located in the very center of the earth, where there is a copper poplar connecting all three worlds – upper, middle and lower. The shaman reaches the mountain peak of Yezim, overcoming seven obstacles. From the deity of Yezim, the shamans received a shamanic gift, spirit helpers, and attributes. The motivating word jеs / jas ‘copper, copper’, which lies in the inner form of the theonym Yazhylkan (Chalkan variant – Tjazhyn), makes it possible to compare this deity with the thunder-god, the patron of blacksmithing in Buryat mythology, Yashil-Sagaan-Tengri. Both Buryats and Chalkans attributed these deities to the category of gods (tengri, tegriler). Altaians was made for this deity an image of a white hare's skin and put it in a yurt. Keywords: ethnolinguistics, mythology, shamanism among the Altaians, shamanic text, theonym, mythonim, mythotoponim, personification, copper in the mythology of the Turks | 2221 | |||||
| 225 | This article presents an analysis of the significant body of Selkup folklore texts with the character Itja (Itcha) and his opponent – An Man-Eater (Giant). A detailed analysis has been provided for one of the identified scenes, and namely stories about a Boy (the hero) who defeated An Man-Eater. This group is the most numerous among the fixations in the Selkup language and consists of 28 texts. The analysis reveals that the bulk of the corpus is divided into three main plots, which are the basis for the entire collection of Itja-texts that are portrayed differently in the territory of residence of the Selkups. Keywords: Selkup folklore, texts with the hero Itja, tale-types and motifs, folklore plots classification | 2218 | |||||
| 226 | The paper reviews possession in the eastern-most Khanty dialects with less than half a dozen speakers remaining. The analysis stems from extended fieldwork data and legacy data archived at Tomsk Department of Indigenous Languages of Siberia. The main purpose is to discuss the key morphosyntactic and semantic features of possession based on available data and approached within a conventional theoretical and methodological framework. This will allow integration of the data and analysis into the debates regarding possession from the areal Siberian, genetic Uralic and wider typological perspective. Keywords: possession, Khanty, typology, Siberia | 2217 | |||||
| 227 | The article is devoted to personal sources in Polish identified in the process of studying of the biography of Alexander Nikolayevich Murav'ev. He was one of the most famous of the Decembrists and the founder of the first Russian secret political societies The Union of Salvation and The Union of Prosperity. The article analyzes the Polish sources – Anthony Pausha’s journal, Peter Moshinsky’s memories and Józefa Shembekova’s memories. These texts are at first introduced into scientific research. These sources contain new and important information about the life of Decembrist in Tobolsk and his relationship with local officials, about his outlook and philosophy, personality and connections with the Polish comrades by exile and liberation movement. These sources are very creative and informative. For example, Anthony Pausha narrates an interesting fact from the history A. N. Murav'ev’s governorship. It’s clearly characterizes Decembrist’s complex relationship with the Governor-General of Western Siberia I. A. Velyaminov. The characteristic of A. N. Murav'ev’s political outlook is very important for Russian historians. Peter Moshinsky exactly describes Murav'ev’s convictions as a constitutional monarchy. He also tells about the Decembrist as “liberalists forever”. Thus completely is refuted the thesis of Murav'ev’s remorse after the uprising of the Decembrists. These estimates deserve full confidence. This is because not only P. Moshinsky was Murav'ev’s friend but also he was a prominent figure of the liberation movement, a liberal ally of the movement of Decembrists. Keywords: decembrists, liberation movement, Polish exile in Siberia, memoirs, administration, governance | 2217 | |||||
| 228 | In this paper, I examined some characteristics of -lkAn, a proprietive suffix in Ewen. Added to nominal stems, this suffix expresses possession. Nouns suffixed with -lkAn (N-lkAn) can function as adnominals, predicates, and adverbials. The semantic extent of the suffix -lkAn is not limited to possession, but covers various other meanings as well. In adverbial usage, for instance, the suffix conveys the meaning of ‘possession at that very moment.’ The other meanings expressed by N-lkan are as follows: (i) ‘An accompanier’, when added to a noun that signifies a person, a personal pronoun, or a personal proper noun (personal name) (in adverbial usage). (ii) ‘Being worn’ or ‘in use’, when added to a noun that signifies clothing. (iii) ‘A quantitative unit’ or ‘an amount’, when added to a noun that signifies a container. (iv) ‘A person’s age’, when added to a numeral. Although the ‘accompaniment’ meaning can be expressed by the comitative case as well as the suffix -lkAn, these two constructions are significantly different. The comitative case suffix can co-occur with a personal possessive suffix, while the suffix -lkAn cannot. N-lkAn can serve as an adverbial either with or without an instrumental case suffix. Without the instrumental case, it means a state of ‘put on’, ‘being worn’, or ‘in use’, whereas with the instrumental case, it does not necessarily imply this state. In addition, there is an abessive form, the aač -LA phrase, which is semantically opposite to the proprietive suffix-lkAn. The meaning of the aač -LA phrase covers ‘absence’, ‘non-possession’, and ‘non-accompaniment.’ The proprietive suffix and the abessive form share certain similarities in that they both have adnominal, predicative, and adverbial usages. However, in terms of morphosyntax, they show some differences; for instance, in the adverbial usage, the aač -LA phrase requires an instrumental case suffix, while N-lkAn can be used as an adverbial either with or without the instrumental case suffix. Keywords: Ewen, Even, Tungusic, proprietive suffix, possession | 2215 | |||||
| 229 | The main purpose of the article is to uncover and analyze language ideologies underpinning multilingual practices of non-Russian first-generation migrants from the former Soviet Union from a translanguaging perspective. The article uses data collected by the authors during a 3-month ethnographically-oriented field study in Western European countries (in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation) supplemented by sociolinguistic analysis of informal online communication. It was found that fluid, translingual practices are generally not characteristic for the majority of well-educated post-Soviet migrants, despite the presence of ethnic languages (L1), Russian (L2) and foreign languages (L3-n) in their linguistic repertoire. Instead, we observe predominantly Russian normative speech, lack of desire to cross language boundaries and create hybrid linguistic forms, at least between L1 and L2. The authors see the reasons for this in the Soviet language policy, which products the immigrants from the USSR are “exporting” the relationship between Russian and ethnic languages formed in their home country. The article examines some of the language ideologies and habits that serve as a barrier to translanguaging, namely the ideology of language purism and (Russian) monolingualism, as well as adherence to the “standard language culture”. The level of education is also associated with “pure” speaking in Russian — the more prestigious and more familiar language in which the respondents have the greatest linguistic competence. In general, the authors come to the conclusion that the speech behavior of this polyethnic and multilingual group of migrants described in the article is a consequence of a habitus — deeply hidden, unconscious, “imprinted” linguistic and cultural habits inherited from the Soviet experience and reproduced in life practices abroad. Keywords: translanguaging, code switching, language ideologies, multilingual post-Soviet migrants, linguistic purism, monolingual ideology, standard language culture | 2215 | |||||
| 230 | The paper analyzes the methods of translating ethnographic realities through the case study of poetic works by the Karelian poet A. Volkov. In its theoretical approaches, the study relies on the works of A. V. Fyodorov, G. R. Gachechiladge, E. G. Etkind. This topic is important since the translated heritage of Karelian-speaking authors has not yet been studied. The research relies on the figurative-semantic, contextual, systemically subject-based approaches, which are integrated within a holistic comparative analysis of the original text and the translations. One of the challenges for this study is the difficulty of translating poetic texts, since Karelians tend to speak metaphorically, often with no match to be found in the Russian language. Translators most often use three methods of rendering ethnographic realities: substitution, calque, and transliteration. The science of literary analysis makes allowances for the unavoidable collaboration of the author and the translator, which is manifest in the spiritual, intellectual and stylistic affinity. This is especially true for newly scripted literatures, such as the Karelian-language literature, in the situation where native speakers are not many. Karelian-speaking poets avoid translating each other’s works into Russian. In making a translation, the authors try to keep in mind at least three aspects: precision, accuracy, and adequacy. This is the key problem in the theory, criticism and practice. According to researchers G. R. Gachechiladze, S. Goncharenko, the critical characteristic of a good translation is precise and accurate rendition of the meter, rhythm, stanza structure and other elements of a poem; for Vyach. Ivanov, B. L. Pasternak it is the sound and the meanings of the work; for L. N. Sobolev, V. V. Koptilov, A. A. Akopova, the central problem is to reproduce the poetic imagery. The lack of uniform criteria for comparing the original text and the translation causes difficulties in working out the methodology. Translators of A. Volkov’s works: A. Mishin, O. Moshnikov, and A. Rastorguev, strove to replicate not only the style, images and meanings of the original, but also to reproduce the ethnical semantics. The translators decided on the accentuation and looked for stylistic equivalents, thus approximating the translation to the original as much as possible. Keywords: Karelian language, translation, methods, transliteration, poetry, literature | 2213 | |||||
| 231 | The article concerns the research of functional and linguistic peculiarities of religious discourse in different historical periods. The author considers the religious discourse as a method, consistently reproduced in time and space, of transmitting the complex of meanings of a sacral text with account of the mentality, religious experience and objective reality of people speaking a certain language in a certain phase of history. The contrastive analysis of polyglot sacral texts appearing as a significant part of religious discourse and being a subject of rendering into different languages is worthwhile only when historical, chronological, sociocultural and situative factors which have an impact on the meaning of a sacral text are taken into consideration. Since translators were expected to observe the compulsory rules of rendering the meaning and structure of the source text, translations appeared that distorted the text meaning or did not reproduce it accurately. Keywords: religious discourse, the Gospel of St. Matthew, sacral text, diachronic approach, contrastive- comparative analysis, translation | 2212 | |||||
| 232 | It is well known that among special lexical nominations dominate so called folk terms referred to as words or word combinations instrumental for nominating ideas of a certain professional field. Based on the traditional diet of Turkic peoples of Siberia, we conduct a comparative-historical, etymological, contrastive analysis of dairy names which are a crucial element of the material culture of peoples inhabiting vast taiga areas of Siberia and Russian Far East. It has been found that dialect vocabulary still has a notable impact on literary languages of the Altai, the Tuva, the Khakass, and the Yakut as evidenced by the fact that folk terms of traditional material culture enter their vocabulary, especially those from folklore, epic texts published by speakers of local dialects of Siberian languages. Diary names are not uniform in terms of their origin. They show a significant number of Mongolic, Tungusic, and Chinese elements along with Turkic roots. Dairy names include vocabulary resulting from formation and development of dialects. The given group of words in Turkic languages of Siberia reflects historical contacts with both related and non-related peoples. Keywords: Turkic languages of Siberia, vocabulary, comparative method, dairy, semasiology | 2212 | |||||
| 233 | The article deals with the traditional worldview of the Sayan-Altai Turks, determined by their identification and a variety of ways of their positioning in the sacred space. The sacred and the profane are basic to any belief system. It should be noted that the space in the perception of traditional culture is heterogeneous and the object of the study in this article is the sacred space in the worldview of the Altai, Khakas and Tuvinian people. The task to allocate sacral loci from daily and household space is set. Some loci are more semantic than others. The allocation of space elements, their saturation with mythological semantics, either positive or negative, is determined by belonging to the earthly or otherworldly worlds. A special place is occupied by such binary oppositions as "sacred" – "ordinary", "own" – "alien", "developed"– "undeveloped", "East" – "West", " new moon" –"old moon", "day"– "night". Keywords: sacred space, stability, traditional culture, the Sayan-Altai, binary oppositions | 2208 | |||||
| 234 | The present study deals with nonverbal predicate constructions and strategies used to negate them in Ket. The types of nonverbal predicates discussed in the article include nominal (inclusive and equative), attributive and locative (locative (proper), existential, and possessive) constructions. The strategies employed to negate each predicate type are analyzed with respect to morphosyntatic and paradigmatic symmetry / asymmetry they display as opposed to their affirmative counterparts, as well as whether these strategies differ from the standard negation in the language. Particular attention is paid to a special subtype of negative existential predicates that has features typical for the locative (proper) type of nonverbal predicates. The results of the study are meant to supplement the ongoing areal and typological research of negation in nonverbal predicative constructions. Keywords: Ket, negation, nonverbal predicates, locative constructions, existential constructions, possessive constructions, endangered languages, Siberian languages, typology | 2205 | |||||
| 235 | The article discusses the sculpture materials from the Sharoon Bumbagar barrow in the Bayannuur Somon of the Bulgan aimag in Mongolia. The burial with the elements of kenotaph contained ninety wooden and ceramic anthropomorphic sculptures at present kept in the Museum of Harhorin. The author took into consideration the results achieved in the Russian and world historiography of studies in sculpture and proposes his own scheme of description and characteristics towards anthropomorphic microplastics. Presented in the paper nine ceramic figures from the Museum funds introduce to the wide scientific community the unique images of Keywords: Turks, Central Asia, Mongolia, barrow, sculpture, microplastics, anthropology, ethnic identification | 2203 | |||||
| 236 | The paper presents the analysis of the speech behavior pattern of APOLOGY in German and Russian. In the first part of paper the illocution of APOLOGY is defined in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The contrastive research is carried out from three different angles. Firstly, from the structural viewpoint, main language patterns of the realization of APOLOGY are described. Secondly, from the pragmatic viewpoint, it is considered whether and how the situations in which Germans and Russians express APOLOGY are different. It is shown that the difference between conventional and substantial APOLOGY proves to be very important for the German-Russian comparison. And thirdly, the possibilities of expressing APOLOGY in German and Russian are described using the method of communicative-pragmatic field. The peculiarities of field organization in these languages are revealed. The study is based on the existing corpora of the German and the Russian. Keywords: speech behavior, apology, intercultural communication, contrastive linguistics, Russian, German | 2202 | |||||
| 237 | In dialect space of the Komi language the dialect of the Kirov Permians which formation occurred in conditions of isolation from the basic area of distribution of the Komi dialects and strong influence of the surrounding Russian dialects, occupies a special place. The actual problem of the Komi dialectology is revealing of the basis and place of the given territorial-language version in the dialect continuum of the Komi language. The phonetic and morphological markers of the language of the Kirov Permians are considered, the analysis and comparison to language lines of the territorially close Zyryan and Permian dialects are of great importance for the solution of the given problem. The research is based on the materials collected by the author during several expeditions to the area of residing of the Kirov Permians in period from 2002 to 2012. Keywords: the Komi language, the Komi-Permian language, Kirov Permians, phonetics, morphol-ogy, linguistic markers | 2200 | |||||
| 238 | This study concerns with the main difficulties connected to the mapping of the nomadic peoples and their languages compared to the mapping of the sedentary peoples and languages. Among those difficulties are huge areas with no clear borders between them, very low population density, high personal, family and seasonal mobility, overlapping of winter pastures of one ethnic groups with summer pastures of another groups, transition of migration routes might through other group area, extensive multilingualism and lack of data. Quite surprisingly for an outside observer, the most part of Eurasian Circumpolar area were inhabited until recently by nomadic or semi-nomadic groups. Several types of life-styles are defined in the article: full (whole-family) nomadic pastoralism with herds of domestic reindeer, partial (male only) nomadic pastoralism with herds of domestic reindeer; (nomadic) hunting and gathering (sometimes together with occasional nomadic pastoralism). During Soviet period many of nomadic ethnic groups switched to mostly sedentary style of life. In the article, the history of cartography of peoples and languages of Russian North in 19th –20th centuries is shown. Then the existing sources for modern maps are discussed. Finally, a several ways of visualisation are proposed which let us show adequately not only nomadic and semi-nomadic ethnic groups but also their languages. Those ways are illustrated with maps. Keywords: mapping, Circumpolar languages, Arctic, Northern peoples, nomads, reindeer husbandry, tundra | 2198 | |||||
| 239 | The system of cultural codes of human communities and the mechanisms of self-determination of the individual human beings in them has long been problematic. This is a everyday life problem for a person. This is also a problem for the researcher, whose interests lie in the existential properties of human nature. The essence of this problem can be summarized as a permanent interaction of three antagonistic processes. The first – the formation of cultural skills from early childhood, which are fixed at the level of reflections. The second – the formation of cultural skills for the communication in other cultural environments. And the third – the aspiration to preserve own unique “Ego” with respect to any culture. The paper investigates the possibility of capturing in archaeological material of not only the information about the large societies (archaeological cultures or cultural-historical communities), but also the information about individuals, albeit nameless ones. The hard canons of traditions suppress individuality, but can in an unexpected way highlight it. It may occur in an attempt of self-identification of a man, who found himself in another cultural environment, through proprietary codes. For example, an unusual object in the grave is a sign of personal history. Or if the subject is from another culture, the burial complex with quite ordinary objects may represent the sign of intravital psychological and cultural duality of the buried. The buried who as such has not been released from the memories of the culture lost. Hypothetical constructs in the paper are based on the facts of inclusions from other cultures in the funeral complex of Alakul repository Mitan in Central Kazakhstan. Keywords: cultural code, archaeology, funeral complex, ceramic, existence, self-identification | 2196 | |||||
| 240 | This paper deals with the use of the marker POSS.3G with the form -žə̑ / -žə̈ / -šə̑ / -šə̈ in Hill Mari – one of the Finno-Ugric languages. This affix not only marks prototypical possessive relations (partwhole, kinship, etc.), but also has discourse functions. The discourse meanings of POSS.3SG are bound by the semantics of SELECTION FROM A SET, which brings together the use of the same marker on the levels of referential properties, topic-focus structure and global discourse structure, sometimes involving their interaction. The contexts with the marked code-switching are in the main focus of the paper. This marking fits the notion of POSS.3SG as a contrastive marker. The speaker often uses Russian words, when they fail to select corresponding Hill Mari ones. Possessive marking is met in light of so called Observer’s Paradox or “linguistic cleaning”: the speaker is conscious that the linguist is interested in their language in particular and tends to correct the speech to the detriment of the naturalness. Such metalinguistic usage of the marker of contrastiveness serves as the evidence not only of the separation of two mental lexicons of bilingual speakers, but also of the possibility of metalinguistic operations with them in some circumstances. Keywords: discourse possessiveness, code-switching, contrastiveness, discourse marker, mental lexicon, bilingualism | 2195 | |||||
| 241 | This article deals with the etymology of the most common verbs in the Mari (meadow) language. Since there are no ready-made lists of this kind in scientific and pedagogical sources, it was necessary to compile one. This task was accomplished with the help of corpora data. The list of the 100 most frequent verb stems in Mari was compiled based on the most extensive online corpus of the standard Mari language – “Mari Meadow Texts” on the Korp platform in two versions: 1) the full corpus (57.38 million tokens) and 2) its two sub-corpora – fiction and non-fiction (7.1 million tokens). These lists are 90% similar. The etymologies of Mari verbs were compiled according to the best etymological dictionaries by K. Rédei, G. Bereczki, and M. Räsänen. For the 100 most frequent verbs, the ratio of indigenous Finno-Ugric vocabulary to loanwords from Chuvash, Tatar, and Russian was determined. The vocabulary of Uralic and Finno-Ugric origin make up the largest share – from 56–59% (for roots and stems) to 69–70% (for tokens). Original Mari words and words with unclear etymology – 14–22%, loanwords from Turkic languages – 15–22%. There are more Chuvash borrowings than Tatar. Among the loanwords from Turkic, mental verbs predominate, indicating the Turkic world’s significant cultural and humanitarian influence on the Finno-Ugrics (Mari). Among the 100 most frequent verbs in the Mari language, there is only one verb of Russian origin - šotlaš ‘to count.’ However, it is possible that this word entered the Mari language via Chuvash, as Chuvash has šutla ‘to count.’ This study’s results confirm that verbs in a language are more resistant to borrowing than nouns. The compiled top 100 most frequent Mari verbs can be used for linguistic research and teaching and learning the Mari language. Keywords: verbs, frequency, frequency dictionary, corpora studies, Mari language, Finno-Ugric languages, Turkic languages, loanwords, semantics of borrowings, etymology, Ural-Volga region | 2194 | |||||
| 242 | Ossetian (< IRANIAN < INDO-EUROPEAN) has interacted with Russian for at least two centuries, and most Ossetians are Ossetic-Russian bilinguals. The influence of Russian on the development of Ossetic vocabulary is well described (in particular, the appearance in the Ossetic lexicon of Russian words without Ossetian equivalents and their subsequent adaptation, e.g., скъола 'school' from Russian школа, стъол ‘table’ from Russian стол). At the same time, the functioning of Russian words that have Ossetic equivalents also deserves attention (e.g., больницæ instead of рынчындон ‘hospital’). This paper describes Russian words of the second type in the Ossetic speech (Iron dialect) based on the corpus of texts recorded in the village of Dargavs. The total number of Russian words in the studied texts is relatively small, but they occur regularly. In our study, we first presented quantitative data on their distribution: nouns and adjectives are the most frequent, followed by adverbs and discourse markers; verbs are less frequent. Particles, interjections, and conjunctions are rarely used in Russian; there are also few cases of interclausal alternation. Second, we have discussed the structural features of Russian words in the context of Myers-Scotton and Muysken's theories of code-mixing and code-switching. We have shown that in the terminology of Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame model, islands of embedded language are common in non-single-word Russian phrases; less common are mixed (Matrix Language + Embedded Language) constituents in which Russian vocabulary is embedded in the Ossetic morphosyntactic frame; at the same time, there are very few word forms with Russian morphological markers (as opposed to "unmarked" forms). In Muysken's sense, insertion is more characteristic of the Ossetic speech than alternation, and there are no reliable cases of congruent lexicalization. The nature and quantitative distribution of Russian words show that Ossetic does not seem to be a language subject to language shift. Keywords: bilingualism, code-mixing, corpus analysis, Ossetian, Russian | 2193 | |||||
| 243 | The Dargwa varieties spoken by inhabitants of the villages Shiri and Amuzgi (Dakhadaev district, Daghestan) have never before been the subject of a separate study. In general works on Dargwa dialectology these idioms are either never mentioned or described as subdialects (Rus. govor) of Kubachi or Sirhwa. However, the data I have collected during fieldwork in the villages of Shiri and Amuzgi in 2012–2018 гг. clearly show that these dialects should be considered to form a separate branch of the Dargwa group (either as a separate language or as a dialect group, depending on whether Dargwa is treated as a language or a subfamily), lexicostatistically positioned approximately in the middle between Kubachi and Sanzhi. Amuzgi, however, when treated separately, shows significantly more similarity to Kubachi than Shiri. In this paper, I describe, for the first time, the main linguistic features of Shiri and Amuzgi; based on lexical, phonetic and morphological features I demonstrate that the similarities of Shiri and, especially Amuzgi with Kubachi are the result of secondary contact influence. This is an interesting case for the typology of language contact, showing that a dialect continuum situation may arise even between languages that have diverged at a considerable time depth. Keywords: Dargwa, East Caucasian languages, dialectology, phonology, morphology, language contact | 2189 | |||||
| 244 | In 2013, the author of the article discovered as a result of archaeological research the hillfort Chondza on the Ket river in Narym region of the Ob River area. The reconnaissance studies produced material relating to two chronological periods: The Bronze Age and early Iron Age. The latter period was represented by the vast majority of finds. Mainly the finds presented fragments of ceramic vessels. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the morphology and ornamentation, cultural identity of the complex ceramic monument was established. It is also established that this monument can be included in the range of artifacts known as Kulayskaya cultural-historical community, as it demonstrates the same specific features. The presence of a number of monuments the same culture with a unique ceramic complex in the Кet region, allows to put the question of the identification of local variant of the Kulayskaya cultural-historical community in this region. Keywords: archaeological investigation, Kulayskaya cultural-historical community, local variant, hillfort Chondzha, ceramic complex, cultural interaction | 2188 | |||||
| 245 | The paper examines the division of labour between spatial cases and serial postpositions referring to the interior and top parts of the landmark in Forest Enets (Samoyedic, Uralic). The study is based on the corpus of modern and archive texts in Forest Enets. The focus is on the interaction between landmark semantics and the semantics of case or postposition. The study shows that case is the major means of marking for the nouns denoting landmarks that lack distinct spatial contours, including toponyms and object-part terms. Postpositional marking is more frequent for landmarks with well-defined spatial configuration, e.g. interior region for the postpositions of the IN-series or vertical axis for the postpositions of the SUPER-series. The spatial configuration of the landmark can be additionally profiled by the semantics of the verb. Thus, contrary to the idea proposed in a number of studies, these results suggest that in natural texts postpositional marking is not primarily associated with the non-standard function of the landmark or an unexpected spatial scenario. More generally, from the grammaticalization theory perspective, it is reasonable to expect that postpositions will more readily replace case markers in the contexts where postpositional semantics is more compatible with the semantics of landmark and the verb, rather than in less natural contexts. Keywords: Enets, spatial cases, adpositions, postpositions, landmark, spatial configuration, grammaticalization | 2188 | |||||
| 246 | The paper outlines the results of a paleodemographic study on XVIII – XX cc. sample from Sicharog cemetery (Tajikistan, Districts of Republican Subordination). The Sicharog skeletal sample consists of 114 individuals. The material was obtained as a result of rescue archaeological excavation at the zone of construction of the Rogun Hydroelectric power station. The analysis includes computation of the standard paleodemographic parameters; life-tables and demographic curves for the male and female are presented. The Sicharog sample is characterized by a close to normal sex ratio, with a slight predominance of males relative to females. Despite the same average life expectancy for males and females (about 34–35 years), the number of females who survived to the final age interval (50+) is almost twice as high as that of males. The results of a comparative study (using Correspondence Analysis) allow to conclude that the demographic patterns of Sicharog sample are close to those of the skeletal population from rural cemeteries in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan and differ significantly from the demographic patterns of the population of elite urban necropolises (Bukhara and its neighborhood). It is concluded that the paleodemographic data adequately reflect the real demographic situation in the adult part of the Sicharog population. Possible reasons for the insignificant representation of subadult skeletons in this sample and in other completely excavated cemeteries representing close to the contemporary population of Central Asia, are discussed. The obtained results are important in that they represent a new source of information on the paleodemography of close to Modern population of the Central Asia as a whole, and the Tajiks of Karategin in particular. Keywords: physical anthropology, paleodemography, Sicharog, Tajikistan, Modern history | 2188 | |||||
| 247 | The article considers the possibilities of representation of heritage of immigrants from Russia, who have made a significant contribution to the development of Belarus by a cluster strategy in the organization of cultural and tourist programs. Cultural and tourism cluster is a group of related organizations in the sphere of culture and tourism industry, which, together with governments, business entities, research centers, etc., are involved in economic and sociocultural relations and interact with each other, creating a complex cultural tourism product within a given region. Emphasis is placed on the material and spiritual heritage of the great historical figures of Vasily Tatishchev, Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky, Zakhar Chernyshev, Fedor and Irina Paskevich, Alexander Suvorov, Ilya Repin and others, as well as prominent representatives of culture of XX and XXI centuries: the composer Nicholas Aladov, sculptor Andrey Bembel, architect Yuri Gradov, artist Valentin Volkov, director Vladimir Korsh-Sablin, poets Konstantin Simonov and Alexander Twardowski, musician Vladimir Mulyavin, choreographer Valentin Elizaryev and others. Keywords: cluster, representation of heritage, historical and cultural heritage, Russian in Belarus | 2186 | |||||
| 248 | A possessive noun phrase in Nganasan is composed of a possessor and a possessed. In adnominal possession constructions, the possessor always precedes the possessed. The relationship between the modifier (the possessor) and the head (the possessed noun) is encoded by possessive suffixes on the head and/or a Genitive case suffix appearing on the possessor. The structure is head final, i. e. the possessor precedes the possessed. The possessor is a noun or a pronoun. It is characteristic for possession expressed through a predicative construction that the sentence obligatorily includes a verbal predicate. This group can be further divided into sub-groups. In Nganasan appear the so-called transitive constructions (have-possessive), and a construction that is essentially based on an existential construction. Keywords: Nganasan, possessive | 2185 | |||||
| 249 | The article reviews a history of an old believer’s family, residing in the territory of Altai and exiled to the Tomsk region in the 1930s. The biographies of family members were reconstructed. One of the representatives of the family – E. A. Yakovleva – wrote several manuscripts in the 1980s., which are stored now in Rare Books and Manuscripts Department of Tomsk State University Research Library (ORKP NB TGU). The manuscripts were analyzed from the paleographical point of view and in terms of content as well. It was found that E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts includes mainly liturgical texts, mostly canons. A comparison was accomplished between E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts and other manuscripts from ORKP. In particular, manuscripts of Skitskaia library (old believers of the north of Tomsk region) and “raskol'nichia” library of Tomsk seminary were involved. Catalogs of old believer's editions of XVIII–XIX were also used for analysis. It is concluded that the formation of text`s corpus under studying was occurred not earlier than the beginning of XIX century. Paleographical descriptions of E. A. Yakovleva's manuscripts are presented in the annex to the article. Keywords: old believers, special resettlement, book history, paleography, codicology, Book of Canons, Tomsk region, Altay region | 2184 | |||||
| 250 | Based on the materials from Early Medieval settlements in the Tomsk Ob Region, the paper presents the author’s vision of the development of ferrous metallurgy in this region and pays attention to the fact that the available data are scarce and insufficient to prove the widespread development of the local ferrous metallurgy. An ornamented hearth door from Kislovka II settlement is one of the most significant findings. The author identified it as a ritual artifact intended for ceremonies, most likely before iron smelting. The ornament consisting of 5 rows of triangles can be interpreted as an appeal to a higher power for successful smelting. Keywords: archeology, ferrous metallurgy, hearth, ore, blacksmithing | 2183 | |||||
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