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| 1 | The article is devoted to the analysis of Buryat value system, features of its transformation in the conditions of growing number of the Buryat-Russian bilinguals, mother tongue loss in Buryats. The data for the study came from the free associative experiment made among the Buryat bilinguals in both. native and Russian language, comparative analysis of the materials of "The Russian associative dictionary", the data of the ethnopsychological research by I. E. Elaeva conducted earlier, and the available data on word frequency in the classic of the Buryat literature by Kh. Namsaraev. The research demonstrates the degree of stability of Buryat value system. The comparative analysis shows that the most high-frequency words are national, most significant lexemes. For the Buryat, the patrimonial relations are important, which is demonstrated by the preservation even in Russian-speaking respondents of such word-responses as mother, relatives, children and father. Traditional value dominants are life, house, homeland, sun, body, work, food, book, thought. The data also show that the distinctive feature of the Buryat consciousness is the appreciation of the teacher and guest. The most significant word-responses designating qualitative characteristics are: hayn 'good, kind', khuney ‘human’, sagaan 'white', seber 'pure', goyo ‘elegant, beautiful’, turgen 'fast', haykhan 'beautiful', buryad ‘Buryat’, dulaan 'warm'. "The love to the country, to the people" is confirmed by entry into high-frequency group of such responses in the domain "person" as: arad and zon 'people'; in the domain "realia" – nyutag 'homeland', in the domain "quality evaluations" – burayd ‘Buryat’. The analysis of comparative constructions also shows that the major value category for Buryat nomads is the nature. The comparative analysis of basic value components of the Buryat language use shows that the influence of Russian language is mainly reflected in a so called "real" environment. It is also established that the influence of a national language code remains rather high, which respectively, also maintains such key Buryat cultural, social consciousness features as emphasizing being peaceful, unaggressive. Keywords: language consciousness, values, associative experiment, Buryat language, bilingualism | 1505 | ||||
| 2 | The main idea and purpose of this article is to test the hypothesis that the results of the 2020 All-Russian census compared to the 2010 census show a statistically significant increase in the emotivity coefficient, i.e., the number of people who claim an ethnic language as their mother tongue but do not actually know it. Buryat was named among the languages that, on the contrary, showed low emotivity coefficient, which might indicate a decrease in its symbolic value between 2010 and 2020. To test the hypothesis regarding the Buryat language, the authors of the article compared the data from the ‘big’ statistics (censuses) with the ‘small’ statistics – materials from regional studies on the Republic of Buryatia. The comparison revealed several differences between them. The 2020 census showed that the number of people who know the Buryat language, use it in everyday life, and consider it their mother tongue has increased. The 2020 regional survey, on the other hand, showed a sharp decline in the number of people who consider Buryat to be their mother tongue and an equally sharp increase in the number of people with a dual ethnolinguistic identity. According to the authors, this difference can be attributed to the lack of information on two or more mother tongues in the final 2020 census data. However, this information indicates new trends, hybrid ethnonyms, and an increased number of people who have not declared their ethnicity. The analysis of regional statistics also showed the similarity of today’s Buryat linguistic competence with that at the end of the Soviet era and the mechanism of language shift. This mechanism consists of the redistribution of language skills within the concept of language competence itself: the gradual increase in passive skills, the decrease in active skills, and the variation in literacy skills depending on the vector of language policy in education. The research confirmed the decreased emotivity coefficient of the Buryat language; on the contrary, during the post-Soviet period, the "language-ethnicity" link is gradually being torn apart in everyday consciousness reflecting the Buryats' self-assessment of their real linguistic competence in the ethnic language. Keywords: language, ethnic identity, symbolic value of language, emotivity coefficient, mother tongue, Buryat language, linguistic competence, censuses, regional statistics | 1112 | ||||
| 3 | The article is devoted to analyzing the linguistic attitudes, evaluations, and social representations of the inhabitants of modern Mongolia in relation to the Russian language. The empirical basis of the study is based on the results of a comprehensive socio-psycholinguistic survey on the function of the Russian language in the educational system of Mongolia, which was conducted from 2021 to 2023. The survey results show that respondents believe Russian should be taught in Mongolia’s educational institutions. The analysis of subjective attitudes revealed a certain hierarchy of foreign languages in the rating system of adult Mongolians: English comes first, Russian second, and Chinese third. The study showed that there are different motives for learning these languages. English is characterized by integrative attitudes, while Russian and Chinese are instrumental. At the same time, the results showed that the conceptual image of the Mongolian world is more similar and closer to the Russian worldview than to English and Chinese. Respondents consider Russian to be an important and necessary language for getting a good education, achieving academic goals, traveling, and satisfying cultural needs. The analysis of the social perception of Mongolians regarding the importance of the Russian language today, the need to learn it, and the problems in the education system revealed that the main reasons for the deterioration of Russian language skills are primarily problems in the education system, the lack of language and competition with other foreign languages. At the same time, the majority of respondents (82%) believe that Mongolians need Russian language skills in modern conditions. The main factors contributing to the functioning of the Russian language in Mongolia are the prestige of the Russian language as a scientific and educational language, the territorial proximity of the two states, common historical moments, rich Russian culture and art. To solve the problems related to the Russian language, the majority proposes to improve the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Mongolian education system and to update legal acts at the state and interstate levels. Keywords: Russian language, evaluation characteristics, social representations, language attitudes, Mongolia | 332 | ||||