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STONE INDUSTRY OF SAMUSKA III SETTLEMENT BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE STATISTIC ANALYSIS // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 3 (29). P. 115-127

Complexes of stone pieces and products of its knapping are found on settlement sites of the Lower Tom river basin. These artifacts are a meaningful source of knowledge about the economy of the ancient inhabitants of the lower reaches of the river Tom in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Over the past few decades, a number of settlement and burial complexes of this period have been discovered and partially investigated. But there is still no holistic scheme for the development of flintknapping by the ancient population in the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the territory of the Lower Tom river basin. At the same time, the information potential of the colossal volume of materials accumulated by previous researchers has not been fully disclosed. One of the possible solutions to this complex of problems is a comparative analysis of stone pieces and products of its knapping from various archaeological sites of the Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages. The use of modern methods of statistical processing of mass archaeological material allows us to solve this problem by determining the occurrence of various signs in the studied categories of artifacts. The combined use of morphological typology and statistical analysis in the scientific literature is called the attributive approach. The primary result of the study is the allocation of approach significant characteristics of the stone industry of the Samuska III settlement. This information, obtained by statistical analysis of the stone industry, allows you to create a starting point in building a regional scheme for the development of stone knapping technology in the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the territory of the Lower Tom river basin. Highlighted characteristic features of this industry will be used as the basis for subsequent comparative and analytical activities. The presence of certain products in the materials from the Samuska III settlement in conjunction with the results obtained allows us to conduct full-scale experiments and technological modeling of the process of stone knapping to verify the results of analytical procedures. This fact actualizes a number of problems on the study of the Stone Age of the river basin Tom.

Keywords: Samus, Tom, Paleometall, pre-Andron Period, microliths, industry, analysis, statistics, attribute

NEW MATERIALS FROM THE STONE AGE SITE ARYSHEVSKOE 2 IN THE VALLEY OF THE RIVER YAYA (TOMSK REGION) // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2022. Issue 4 (38). P. 121-133

The Aryshevskoe 2 site is currently located in one of the peripheral places of the West Siberian oecumene of the Stone Age people. It differs from other monuments in the area by the nature of the industry and the lack of absolute dating. These circumstances have led to resuming its exploration in 2019. The purpose of this article is to publish the materials obtained and the results of their analysis. A series of pits were excavated around the trenches already dug in 2000 on the side of the terrace. A collection of 427 artifacts was found during the excavations. The materials from 2000 and 2019 were studied using a number of methods: the method of analogies, descriptive statistics, and multivariate statistics. The cores show the predominance of the flat-flaking principle. In the case of the tools, the bifacial forms predominate, to which analogies can be found in the adjacent areas in the south and east. The chips are divided into 3 clusters according to technological criteria. This is the result of a cluster analysis of the size and morphology of their force bulbs and butts. Blades with a constantly reproducible shape predominate over flakes with a wide variety of shapes. The collection of tools appears to be typical of the Late Paleolithic. In addition, the collection also contains tools that are atypical for this period. The reasons for their distinction are described in detail in a separate part of the article. The result of the study is the determination of the characteristic features of the industry and the relative time of its existence. The industry is distinguished from similar Paleolithic sites by its characteristic lamellar and bifacial artifacts. Chips with features of percussion dominate the overall statistics, despite the division into three groups of chips according to the results of cluster analysis. The prospect of further study of this site is evident in the spatial analysis of the distribution of artifacts and in the absolute dating of the deposits they contain.

Keywords: Yaya, Aryshevskoe, Late Paleolithic, Neolithic, stratigraphy, statistics, typology, Tomsk region

Materials of the Samus and Shelomok Cultures of the Samuska III Settlement (Tomsk Ob Region): Based on the Results of the 2018–2019 Work // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2024. Issue 1 (43). P. 64-76

The article is devoted to the publication of materials from the Samuska III settlement, discovered in 2016 on the territory of the Samus archeological microdistrict (Tomsk Ob region), and is a continuation of the previously published results of the study of the stone industry of the site based on the results of the 2018 works. The basis for writing the article was the materials of the 2018–2019 field studies, obtained from 7 test pits with a total area of 14 m². The finds include fragments of ceramic vessels, fragments of technical ceramics, stone objects, and their fission products, fragments of mineral pigments, a fragment of petrified wood, slag, and calcined bones. The artifacts of the Shelomok culture from the Early Iron Age and the Samus culture from the Early and Middle Bronze Age as well as individual vessel fragments from the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic form the basis of the ceramic complex. The analysis of the site's lithic industry is complemented by findings from the 2019 collection and is consistent with previously published data. Tools with traces of crushing and grinding of dyes and mineral pigments with traces of processing reflect the phases of paint production by the Samus culture population. The stratigraphy in the test pits with occupation layers corresponds to the stratigraphic situation in the areas with natural soil formation. In the 2018 pit, however, two stratigraphic layers were distinguished, corresponding to the Early and Middle Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. In addition, an assemblage of tools, intermediates, and objects with nonutilitarian functions was found in this pit, which is located near a site with dark gray, dense, sandy clay immersed in an archeologically sterile layer. This work made it possible to place the previously published data from the site in a cultural and historical context and to attribute the stone industry to the Samus culture. The radiocarbon data obtained, together with the collected finds, give reason to attribute the Early and Middle Bronze Age complex to the late phase of the Samus culture. Given the stratigraphic and planigraphic position, the collection of artifacts from the 2018 pit can be interpreted as a set that was kept or carried in a case, or as grave goods.

Keywords: Tomsk Ob region, Samus, Tom, Early and Middle Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Samus culture, Shelomok culture