Ethno-Demographic Factor in Attributions of the Processes of Linguistic Integration of the Russian Population in the Republics of Russia
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2025-1-21-34
The article considers the problem of linguistic integration of the Russian population in the national republics of the Russian Federation based on the data of the all-Russian censuses of 2002, 2010, and 2020. A new perspective on the phenomenon of linguistic integration is proposed, focusing on the process of mastering the state languages of the national republics of the Russian population. It is emphasized that this approach allows us to go beyond the understanding of linguistic integration as a purely applied adaptation process characteristic of migrants and to consider it as a factor in the formation of cultural identity and mental characteristics of native speakers. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is a comprehensive analysis of statistical data from censuses in combination with a qualitative interpretation of the results, taking into account sociolinguistic, ethno-demographic, and historical factors. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods makes it possible to obtain a multidimensional picture of the linguistic integration of Russians in the national republics and to identify their regional characteristics. The most important quantitative parameters of the Russian population’s mastery of the republics’ title languages are shown, the dynamics of these indicators are traced over two decades, and comparative analyses are carried out for different regions. The study results show that the degree of linguistic integration of Russians in different republics is very different, which only partially correlates with the proportion of the Russian population and the dynamics of their numbers. It is concluded that the linguistic integration of the Russian population in the national republics is influenced by a complex of factors, including the peculiarities of the ethno-demographic structure, the degree of urbanization, the nature of the language situation, the language policy in the regions, etc. It turns out that a high level of proficiency in Russian in the titular language is characteristic of republics with a relatively small share of the Russian population and a high degree of participation in interethnic interactions. In most republics, the level of Russian proficiency in the titular languages remains consistently low, but in some regions (Chechnya and Tyva), there has been a significant increase in the corresponding indicators. These data show the potential for the linguistic integration of the Russian population under certain socio-cultural conditions and the need for a differentiated approach to language policy in various regions of Russia. The results obtained can be used to improve state language policy and optimize interethnic relations in the multiethnic regions of Russia. The prospects for further research are connected with a deeper study of the various aspects of linguistic interaction between the Russian population and the titular peoples of the republics of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: linguistic integration, Russian population, national republics, state languages, titular languages, language situation, language policy
References:
1. Slovar' sociolingvisticheskiлh terminov [Glossary of Sociolinguistic Terms]. Moskva: 2006. 312 p. (in Russian).
2. Bitkeeva A.N. O konceptsii, metodologii i metodakh sociolingvisticheskogo prognozirovaniya (na primere mnogoyazychnoy Rossiyskoy Federatsii) [On the concept, methodology and methods of sociolinguistic forecasting (on the example of the multilingual Russian Federation)]. Sotsiolingvistika – Sociolinguistics, 2023, no 4(16), pp. 9–34 (in Russian).
3. Esser H. Migration, language and integration. Berlin: WZB, 2006. 130 p.
4. Rocca L., Hamnes Carlsen C., Deygers B. Linguistic integration of adult migrants: requirements and learning opportunities: report on the 2018 Council of Europe and ALTE survey on language and knowledge of society policies for migrants. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2020. 76 p.
5. Wigglesworth-Baker T. Ispol'zovanie titul'nykh yazykov russkim naseleniem spustya 20 let posle raspada Sovetskogo Soyuza (Respublika Tatarstan) [The use of titular languages by the Russian population 20 years after the collapse of the Soviet Union (Republic of Tatarstan)]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Yazyki Rossii i stran blizhnego zarubezh'ya kak inostrannye: prepodavanie i izuchenie» [Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Languages of Russia and the Near Abroad as Foreign Languages: Teaching and Studying”]. Kazan, 2011. Pp. 320–328 (in Russian).
6. Khilkhanova E.V., Dyrheeva G.A., Lyubimova L.M., Sundueva D.B. Yazykovoe soznanie i yazykovye ustanovki zhiteley prigranichnykh rayonov vostoka Rossii (na primere Respubliki Buryatiya i Zabaykal'skogo kraya) [Linguistic consciousness and linguistic attitudes of the inhabitants of border regions of eastern Russia (on the example of the Republic of Buryatia and Transbaikal Territory)]. Moskva: Vostochnaya literatura, 2016. 174 p. (in Russian).
7. Borgoyakova T.G. Guseynova A.V. Status i funktsionirovanie tyurkskikh yazykov Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Status and functioning of Turkic languages of South Siberia]. Abakan, Khakasskiy gosudarstvennyi universitet im. N.F. Katanova Publ., 2017. 136 p. (in Russian).
8. Alekseenko S.S., Abramova S.R. Yetnoyazykovaya identichnost' i dvuyazychie russkogo naseleniya v Bashkortostane [Ethno-linguistic identity and bilingualism of the Russian population in Bashkortostan]. Politika i obshchestvo – Politics and Society, 2017, no 11, pp. 137–145 (in Russian).
9. Kondrashkina E.A. Razvitie bilingvizma i polilingvizma v Respublike Bashkortostan [Development of bilingualism and polylingualism in the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Nauchnyi dialog – Scientific dialogue, 2019, no 4, pp. 29–42 (in Russian).
10. Shaygerova L.A., Almazova O.V., Dolgih A.G. Russko-natsional'noe dvuyazychie: sub"ektivnoe blagopoluchie razlichnykh kategoriy molodezhi v Respublike Bashkortostan i Respublike Tatarstan [Russian-national bilingualism: subjective well-being of different categories of young people in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan]. Gertsenovskie chteniya: psikhologicheskie issledovaniya v obrazovanii – Herzen Readings: Psychological Research in Education, 2019, no 2, pp. 565–574 (in Russian).
11. Gallyamov R.R., Kuchumov I.V. Russkoe naselenie Bashkortostana: demograficheskie i etnoyazykovye processy vo vtoroy polovine XIX – nachale XXI vekov [Russian population of Bashkortostan: demographic and ethno-linguistic processes in the second half of XIX – early XXI centuries]. Vestnik BIST – Bulletin of the Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies, 2020, no. 4(49), pp. 99–108 (in Russian).
12. Shabykov V.I., Kudryavtseva R.A. Mariyskiy yazyk v strukture lingvokompetentsii naseleniya Respubliki Mariy El v XXI veke [Mari language in the structure of linguocompetence of the population of the Republic of Mari El in the XXI century]. Vestnik ugrovedeniya – Bulletin of Ugric Studies, 2021, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 347–357 (in Russian).
13. Ivanova N.I. Yazykovaya situatsiya v Respublike Sakha (Yakutiya): yakutskiy yazyk v nachale XXI v., etnosociopsiholingvisticheskiy aspect [Language situation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): the Yakut language in the early XXI century, ethnosociopsycholinguistic aspect]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2022. 284 p. (in Russian).
14. Petrova E. V. Russkoe naselenie v etnosocial'noy strukture respublik Sibiri [Russian population in the ethno-social structure of the Siberian republics]. Ulan-Ude: Buryatskiyj gosudarstvennyi universitet imeni Dorzhi Banzarova, 2009. 332 p. (in Russian).
15. Vasil'eva E. A. Russkoe naselenie Mariyskogo kraya (istoriya formirovaniya i sovremennye yetnokul'turnye processy) [Russian population of the Mari region (history of formation and modern ethno-cultural processes)]: History Cand. Diss. Kazan, 2011. 276 p. (in Russian).
16. Thamokova I. Kh. Russkoe naselenie Kabardino-Balkarii v XIX – nachale XXI v.: dinamika yetnokul'turnykh granits [Russian population of Kabardino-Balkaria in the XIX – early XXI century: the dynamics of ethno-cultural boundaries]. Nal'chik, Institut gumanitarnykh issledovaniy Kabardino-Balkarskogo Nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk Publ., 2014. 152 p. (in Russian).
17. Alekseenko S.S. Russkie Bashkortostana na rubezhe XX–XXI vv: yetnosotsiologicheskoe issledovanie [Russians of Bashkortostan at the turn of XX–XXI centuries: ethno-sociological study]. Ufa: Pervaya tipografiya, 2016. 88 p. (in Russian).
18. Abramova S.R. Safin F.G., Haliulina A.I. Russkie Bashkortostana: etnodemograficheskie i yazykovye processy (1979–2014 gg.) [Russians of Bashkortostan: ethno-demographic and linguistic processes (1979–2014).]. Ufa, Pervaya tipografiya Publ., 2019. 176 p.
19. Stecenko V.V. Dinamika chislennosti i transformatsiya rasseleniya russkih v Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 1990–2010 gg. [Population dynamics and transformation of Russian settlement in the Russian Federation in 1990–2010]. DEMIS. Demograficheskie issledovaniya – Demographic Research, 2023, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 153–170 (in Russian).
20. Ivanova N.I. Tendentsii i dinamika razvitiya dvuyazychiya v Respublike Sakha (Yakutiya): yetnosociopsikholingvisticheskiy aspect [Trends and dynamics of bilingualism development in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): ethno-sotsiopsykholinguistic aspect]. Severo-Vostochniy gumanitarniy vestnik – North-Eastern Humanitarian Herald, 2020, no 2 (31), pp. 67–79 (in Russian).
21. Kuzhuget A.K. Tuvintsy i russkie v kontekste izucheniya chuvstva natsional'nogo dostoinstva (postanovka problemy) [Tuvinians and Russians in the context of studying the sense of national dignity (problem statement)]. Novye issledovaniya Tuvy – New research of Tuva, 2010, no 3, pp. 72–84 (in Russian).
22. Tarbastaeva I.S. Tuva prevrashchaetsya v monoetnichniy region: riski i perspektivy [Tuva is turning into a monoethnic region: risks and prospects]. EKO – ECO, 2018, no. 5(527), pp. 65–80 (in Russian).
23. Erohin A.M., Avdeev E.A., Vorob'ev S.M. Rol' i mesto russkikh v modernizatsionnom razvitii Severnogo Kavkaza v sovetskiy period [The role and place of Russians in the modernisation development of the North Caucasus in the Soviet period]. Kaspiyskiy region: politika, ekonomika, kul'tura – Caspian region: politics, economics, culture, 2022, no. 3(72), pp. 74–82 (in Russian).
24. Lushnikova O.L. Altajcy, tuvincy, hakasy: vovlechenie v urbanizacionnye process [Altaians, Tuvinians, Khakasses: involvement in urbanisation processes]. Oikumena. Regionovedcheskie issledovaniya – Oikumena. Regional studies. 2021. No 3(58). Pp. 113–125 (in Russian).
25. Ataev B.M. Natsional'no-yazykovaya politika v Dagestane postsovetskogo perioda [National-language policy in Dagestan of the post-Soviet period]. Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN – Bulletin of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019, no. 74, pp. 62–68 (in Russian).
26. Alpatov V.M. Yazykovaya politika v Rossii i v mire [Language policy in Russia and in the world]. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. Seriya literatury i yazyka – Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Literature and Language Series, 2015, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 3–10 (in Russian).
27. Zamyatin K.Yu. Rossiyskoe yazykovoe zakonodatel'stvo: dinamika stanovleniya i izmeneniya [Russian language legislation: dynamics of formation and changes]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya – Bulletin of the Buryat State University. Philology, 2022, no. 2, pp. 8–15 (in Russian).
( 217.25 kB ) 
( 193.44 kB )
Issue: 1, 2025
Series of issue: Issue 1
Rubric: LINGUISTICS
Pages: 21 — 34
Downloads: 734