CULTURAL UNIVERSALS IN THE RITUAL TRADITION OF THE TURKIC-MONGOLIAN PEOPLES: VOCABULARY AND CONTEXT

Dampilova Lyudmila Sanzhiboevna, Ojnotkinova Nadezhda Romanovna

DOI: 10.23951/2307-6119-2021-2-114-123

Information About Author:

Dampilova Lyudmila Sanzhiboevna, doctor of science (philology), associate professor, chief research fellow. RAS, Siberian branch, Institute of Philology, Laboratory “Cultural universals of verbal traditions of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East: folklore, literature, language”. 8 Nikolaeva st., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090. E-mail: dampilova_luda@rambler.ru Oinotkinova Nadezhda Romanovna, doctor of science (philology), associate professor, leading research fellow. RAS, Siberian branch, Institute of Philology, Laboratory “Cultural universals of verbal traditions of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East: folklore, literature, language”. 8 Nikolaeva st., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090. E-mail: sibfolklore@mail.ru

The authors consider the vocabulary of Siberian Turkic and Mongolian languages, related to the cult of mountains, land and water in a semantic context with the ritual action. The main languages of the study are Altai, Buryat and Yakut with the involvement of Mongolian, Khakas, and Tuvan parallels. In rites of Turkic-Mongolian people devoted to the host spirits of the area, the general principles of the organization of the sacred space, conceptually similar ritual actions are traced. There are universal attributes and symbols which are illustratory of shamanism and Buddhism. For the first time, a comparative analysis of lexemes, semantics and symbolism of words related to ritual actions and accompanying their verbal context was carried out. The purpose of the work is identifying the preservation, dissemination and transformation of cultural universals with verbal expression. A study of the oldest cultural codes preserved in the subject and actional spheres of rite seems relevant. The concept of a cultural code in the study of rite will provide a key to understanding the cultural picture of the world and allows deciphering the deep meaning of the components of the rite (meanings, signs, symbols, norms, etc.). As a result, we state that there was once a united Turkic-Mongolian tradition of shamanism, which had a common culturally significant system. It is confirmed by lexical material and their ritual context. The considered two main rituals of sacrifice (bloody and bloodless) prove both ancient ties and a stable universal sequence and the preservation of national codes in the ritual event of the Mongolian and Turkic peoples of Siberia. It is revealed that the key lexemes used in the subject code have a universal semantics in the ritual event. Lexical correspondences and similar ritual objects and actions most likely prove the ascension of the rite to single roots with subsequent regional and temporary transformations. It was established that the same attributes of the ritual with a similar or different lexical designation are archetypes reflecting the general cultural codes of the Turkic peoples of Siberia and Mongolian ethnic groups.

Keywords: Turkic-Mongolian people, cultural universals, cultural code, historical vocabulary, rite

References:

Antonov N. K. Materialy po istoricheskoj leksike jakutskogo jazyka [Materials on historical lexica of Yakut language]. Jakutsk: Jakutskoe kn. izd-vo, 1971. 175 s.

Bajburin A. K. Zhilishhe v obrjadah i predstavlenijah vostochnyh slavjan [Home in the rituals and perceptions of the Eastern Slavs]. 2-e izd., ispr. Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskoj kul'tury, 2005. 224 s.

Vjatkina K. V. Obshhie cherty v material'noj i duhovnoj kul'ture u zapadnyh mongolov, burjat i juzhnyh altajcev [Common features in the material and spiritual culture of the Western Mongols, Buryats and southern Altaians]. M.: Nauka, 1964. 218 s.

Gudkov D. B., Kovshova M. L. Telesnyj kod russkoj kul'tury: materialy k slovarju [The Body Code of the Russian Culture: the materials to the dictionary]. Moscow: Gnozis, 2007. 288 s.

Gumilev L. N. Drevnie tjurki [Ancient Turks]. M.: Nauka, 1967. 560 s.

Dashieva N. B. Tradicionnye obshhestvennye prazdniki burjat: istorija i tipologii [Traditional common feats of the Butryats: history and typologies]. M.; Ulan-Udje: Izd.-poligr. kompleks FGBOU VPO VSGAKI, 2012. 211 s.

DTS — Nadeljaev V. M., Nasilov D. M., Tenishev Je. R., Shherbak A. M. Drevnetjurkskij slovar' [Old-Turkic Dictionary]. L.: Nauka, 1969. 676 s.

Dugarov D. S. Istoricheskie korni belogo shamanstva: (na materiale obrjadovogo fol'klora burjat) [Historical roots of white shamanism (on material of ritual folklore of the Buryats)]. M.: Nauka, 1991. 300 s.

Lubsan Danzan. Altan tobchi (“Zolotoe skazanie”) [The Golden legend] / Perevod s mongol'skogo, vvedenie, kommentarii i prilozhenie N.P. Shastinoj. M.: Nauka, 1973. 439 s.

Mihajlov T. M. Najgurskie pesnopenija o horinskih dvuh zajanah [Naigur Songs about Khori’s two zayans] // Tradicionnyj fol'klor burjat. Ulan-Udje: BF SO AN SSSR, 1980. S. 141–153.

Nekljudov S. Ju. “Jetnograficheskij fakt” i ego fol'klornye jeksplikacii [“Ethnographic fact” and its folklore explications] // Fol'klor i jetnografija. K 90-letiju so dnja rozhdenija K. V. Chistova / Otv. red. A. K. Bajburin, T. B. Shhepanskaja. SPb.: MAJe RAN, 2011. S. 40–47.

ORS — Ojrotsko-russkij slovar' [Oirot-Russian Dictionary] / Sost. N. A. Baskakov, T. M. Toshhakova. M.: GIS, 1947. 312 s.

Pekarskij Je. K. Slovar' jakutskogo jazyka [Dictionary of Yakut language]: V 3-h t. 2-e izd. M.; L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR. T. 1. 1958, 1282 stb.; T. 2. 1959, 2508 stb.; T. 3. 1959, 3858 stb.

Popov A. A. Kamlanie shaman [The shamanic ritual]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2006. 458 s.

Rassadin V. I. Ocherki po istorii slozhenija tjurko-mongol'skoj jazykovoj obshhnosti [Sketches on history of built of Turk-Mongolian language community] / Pod red. A. V. Dybo. SPb.: Nestor-Istorija, 2019. 608 s.

SAANTJa — Clovar' altajskogo i aladagskogo narechij tjurkskogo jazyka [Dictionary of Altai and Aladag dialect of Turkic language] / Sost. Protoirej V. Verbickij. Izdanie Pravoslavnogo Missionerskogo obshhestva. Kazan': Tipografija V. M. Kljuchnikova, Bol'shaja Prolomnaja ulica, 1884; 2-e izd. Gorno-Altajsk: Ak-Chechek, 2005. Pereizd. 504 s.

Sokrovennoe skazanie mongolov [Secret history of Mongols] / Per. S. A. Kozina. Ulan-Udje: Burjat. kn. izd-vo, 1990. 318 s.

Toporov V. N. Mif. Ritual. Simvol. Obraz: Issledovanija v oblasti mifopojeticheskogo: Izbrannoe [Myth, ritual, symbol, image: selected studies in mythopoetics]. M.: Izdatel'skaja gruppa “Progress” – “Kul'tura”, 1995. 624 s.

Tjerner V. Simvol i ritual [Symbol and ritual] / Sostavitel' i avtor predisl. V. A. Bejlis. M.: Nauka, 1983. 277 s.

Hangalov M. N. Sobranie sochinenij [Collected edition]: V 3 t. T. 1. / Pod red. G. N. Rumjanceva. Ulan-Udje: Izd-vo OAO “Respublikanskaja tipografija”, 2004. 508 s.

Hakassko-russkij slovar' [Khakas-Russian Dictionary] / Otv. red. O. V. Subrakova. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2006. 1114 s.

Cheremisov K. M. Burjatsko-russkij slovar' [Buryat-Russian Dictionary]. M.: Gos.-izd-vo inostr. i nac. slovarej, 1951. 852 s.

Rinchen B. Mongol böögijn duudalga [Songs of Mongolian shamans]. Ulaanbaatar: “Udam sojol” HHK, 2013. 300 h.

( 909.53 kB ) ( 838.41 kB )

Issue: 2, 2021

Series of issue: Выпуск № 2

Rubric: ANTHROPOLOGY

Pages: 114 — 123

Downloads: 633