ALTYN TöS – ‘GOLD FETISH’ IN THE MYTH AND RITUALS OF KHAKASES (END OF XIX – MID XX CENTURY)
The aim article to study the cult of fire at Khakases such material manifestation, as a fetish Altyn tös. To achieve this goal presented the following tasks: the definition of him sacred significance and the role in the worldview and ritual practices of this people, an analysis of its external characteristics and the reveal of variations symbolic of design figuration and consideration of ways to interact with this ritual sacred object. The chronological scope of work covers the end of the XIX – mid XX century. The choice of these time limits is caused, first of all, the state of the source base on the study. Selection temporal boundaries are caused primarily by the status of the database sources on the research topic. The main sources are archival and ethnographic materials. The work is based on compre-hensive, system-historical approach to the study of the past. Research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods – scientific description, the specific historical and relic. In the worldview and ritual practice Khakases considerable attention was given to fetishism. In traditional consciousness, the fire was endowed with protective and patronizing functions. One of the brightest and most revered idols was Altyn tös. He had a high ritual status, and is always located at the place of honor in the home. It was common belief that largely depends on his favor the preservation of people’s health, well-being of their life and success in economic activities. Derived his sacred role in the spiritual life Khakases contributed to the formation of a special ritual system. It included, both individual and extended family acts of worship. Popular idol contributed to the emergence of different variants of its external image. However, a key marker acted brocade fabric.
Keywords: Khakases, tradition, worldview, shamanism, cult, ritual, fetish, tös, Altyn tös
References:
Burnakov V. A. Tkan’ v ritualnoy praktike khakasov [Textile in the ritual practice of khakases]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosuderstvennogo universiteta – Novosibirsk State University Bulletin, 2012, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 175–186 (in Russian).
Butanaev V. Ya. Burkhanizm tyurkov Sayano-Altaya [Burkhanism Turks Sayano-Altai]. Abakan, 2003 (in Russian).
Zelenin D. K. Kult ongonov v Sibiri [The cult of ongons in Siberia]. Moscow, 1936 (in Russian).
Ivanov S. V. K voprosu o znachenii izobrazheniy na starinnykh predmetakh kulta u narodov Sayano-Altayskogo nagor’ya [To the question of the meaning of the symbols on ancient objects of worship among the peoples of the Sayan-Altai highlands]. Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii [Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]. Moscow, Leningrad, 1955. Vol. 16. Pp. 165–264 (in Russian).
Kabo V. P. Fetishizm [Fetishism]. Svod etnograficheskikh ponyatiy i terminov. Religioznye verovaniya [Arch ethnographic concepts and terms. Religious beliefs]. Moscow, 1993. Vol. 5. Pp. 212–214 (in Russian).
Klements D. A. Zametka o tyusakh [Note about the tyus]. Izvestiya Vostochno-sibirskogo otdela Russkogo Geografich-eskogo Obshchestva –The Bulletin of the East-Siberian Department of Imperial Russian Geographical Society, 1892, vol. 23, no. 4–5, pp. 23–35 (in Russian).
Kuznetsova А. А. Zhilishche, odezhda i pishcha minusinskikh i achinskikh inorodtsev [Housing, clothing and food Minusinsk and Achinsk natives]. Minusinskie i Achinskie inorodtsy [Minusinsk and Achinsk natives]. Krasnoyarsk, 1898. Pp. 105–213 (in Russian).
Potapov L. P. Khakasy [The Khakases]. Narody Sibiri [The peoples of Siberia]. Moscow, Leningrad, Publ., USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1956. Pp. 376–419 (in Russian).
Sagalaev A. M. O simvolike khakasskikh tyosey [About symbolics Khakass tyosy]. Evraziya skvoz’ veka. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, posvyashchennyy 60-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya D. G. Savinova [Eurasia through the centuries. The collection of scientific works devoted to the 60 anniversary since the birth of D. G. Savinov]. St. Petersburg, 2001. Pp. 216–217 (in Russian).
Tokarev S. A. Rannie formy religii [Early forms of religion]. Moscow, 1990 (in Russian).
Usmanova M. S. Kult tyosey u kyzyl’tsev [Cult of Tyosy at kyzylts]. Iz istorii Sibiri – From the history of Siberia, 1975, vol. 16, pp. 206–215 (in Russian).
Usmanova M. S. Derevo v traditsionnykh predstavleniyakh khakasov [The tree in the traditional views of the Khakasses]. Voprosy etnokulturnoi istorii Sibiri [The questions ethnocultural history of Siberia]. Tomsk, 1980. Pp. 103–113 (in Russian).
Khakassko-russkiy slovar’ [Khakass-Russian Dictionary]. Novosibirsk, 2006 (in Russian).
Yakovlev E. K. Etnograficheskiy obzor inorodcheskogo naseleniya doliny Yuzhnogo Eniseya i ob’yasnitelnyy katalog etnograficheskogo otdela muzeya. Opisanie Minusinskogo muzeya [Ethnographic Overview on Native Population South Yenisei Valley and Explanatory Catalog Ethnographic Department of the Museum. Description Minusinsk Museum]. Minusinsk, 1900 (in Russian).
( 917.5 kB ) 
( 897.46 kB )
Issue: 1, 2016
Series of issue: Issue 1
Rubric: ANTHROPOLOGY
Pages: 53 — 61
Downloads: 1104