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| 1 | The article is devoted to analysing vocalism in Middle Chulym, one of the two dialects of the Chulym Turkic language, which belongs to the Khakass-Shor subgroup of Turkic languages. The article examines various phonetic processes associated with the development of vowels, including the changes that have occurred from a historical perspective and in relation to synchronic phonetic phenomena. The authors have carried out a detailed analysis of the changes in Proto-Turkic vowels in Middle Chulym, including the raising, labialisation and reflection of vowels in position after velar consonants. The influence of the consonantal environment on the qualitative and quantitative changes of the vowels, such as compensatory and contractive length, as well as specific cases of contraction in different contexts, are also considered. The main focus is on acoustic data obtained in field studies, which allow us to clarify previously assumed phonetic changes. In particular, the assumptions about the complete transition of the front vowels to the back row, which were made on the basis of auditory analyses, are refuted. These processes allow a better understanding of the internal development of Middle Chulym vocalism and the identification of its unique innovations that distinguish this dialect from other languages of the Khakass subgroup. Keywords: vocalism, Middle Chulym dialect, phonetic changes, field research | 1883 | ||||
| 2 | Tubalar is an endangered Turkic variety belonging to the northern subgroup of the Gorno-Altai group. It was officially recognized as a distinct language in 2000, having previously been classified as part of Altai. The earliest records of Tubalar texts were made by V.V. Radlov in the 1850s and early 1860s. This article compares data on Tubalar and its dialects recorded by different researchers for the early 1960s, the mid-twentieth century, and the first two decades of the twenty-first century. It identifies Tubalar examples in published sources, establishes the ordering of rules (including nasalization rules) from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives, and identifies reflexes, such as those of *-g, that characterize Northern Altai languages. It also assesses the relationship between the material in V. V. Radlov’s dictionary and other available data. The study evaluates the reliability of these sources, clarifies the language’s genealogical classification, and proposes a hypothesis about its possible future in light of current Tubalar language activism. Keywords: Tubalar language, Tubalars, endangered language variety, fieldwork, nasalization rules, linguistic reflexes | 6 | ||||
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