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The Archeological Investigation of the Yakut Ground Burials (XIII–XIX Century): Results and Perspectives // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2025. Issue 2 (48). P. 108-119

The burial monuments of the Yakuts (Sakha) of the Middle Ages and modern times are represented by socalled arangas, as well as above-ground and inhumation burials. This paper offers a historiographical overview of the studies on the Yakut burials of the XIIIth to XIXth centuries, which includes the analysis of the collected data and the insights gained based on their interpretation. This work makes it possible to describe the existing source base, systematize the results of previous studies, define key areas for further research, and suggest approaches to resolving disputes. As a result of analyzing the available sources and scholarly works, three main phases of research on Yakut burials were identified. The first phase (1888–1940s) can be characterized as a period of initial accumulation of factual material associated with the need to replenish the object fund of the Yakutsk Regional Museum. Archaeological research had a clearly defined regional focus. From the second phase (1950s–1990s), research began to pursue a comprehensive approach under the direction of professional archaeologists and ethnographers. An extensive source base became the basis for the study of various aspects of traditional culture, ethnogenesis, and the early phases of Yakut ethnic history, as well as for the reconstruction of elements of burial rites. In the third phase (2000s), a comprehensive interdisciplinary investigation of the funerary monuments began with a broad application of scientific methods. The correlation of burial and settlement monuments of the early Yakut archaeological Kulun-Atakh culture of the Yakuts from the 10th to 16th centuries makes it possible to correct the existing hypotheses about the origin and ethnic history of the Yakuts and the analysis of burial materials from the 17th to 19th centuries updates the reconstruction of traditional models of their material and spiritual culture, worldview and social structure. The study uses comparative-historical, historical-typological, historical-systemic, and retrospective-chronological methods.

Keywords: Yakuts, Middle Ages, modern times, burials, history of studies, research phases, material interpretation, Isteekh Byraan cemetery

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