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METHODS OF BERRY PLANT NOMINATIONS FORMATION IN YAKUT LANGUAGE // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2020. Issue 3 (29). P. 58-70

In this article, an ethnolinguistic analysis of 53 names of berry plants in the Yakut language was carried out to determine their methods of formation. Language material was taken by their various lexicographic sources, including botanical dictionaries. The empirical basis of the study was also field and expeditionary observations, dialect records and materials collected by the authors since 2017 in various regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). To determine the lexical value of the roots of the analyzed names, semantic descriptions of lexemes are given from the «Great Thick Dictionary of the Yakut Language» and the «Dictionary of the Yakut Language» by E. K. Pekarskiy. Methods of word-formation analysis are used to identify methods of phytonym formation: search of producing base, extraction of word-formation formant, the establishment of word formation principles. Elements of semantic and morphological analysis of nominations are also used, syntax constructions of complex words (phrases) are considered. Non-derivative lexical units are given etymological characteristics, in some cases, parallels from other languages are given. Borrowed names of berry plants are analyzed in terms of phonetic changes, the same principle of analysis is used relative to dialect units that have converted to the literary norm. Besides, some Yakut bases and reflexes in other related languages are compared in the phonostructural aspect. Biological characteristics of plants are given through descriptive method, as well as explanations of geographical peculiarities of places of growth of studied berry plants are given. It has been established that the main method of nomination of phytonyms, which denote names of berry plants in the Yakut language, his nomination based on several motivational characteristics. It was possible to find out that this principle is based on associative metaphorization, which reveals the attitude of Yakuts to wildlife and reflects the characteristics of the world view of the Sakha people. The availability of borrowing from the Russian language is explained by the general territory of residence of Yakuts and Russians. Phytonyms of Mongolian and Tunguso-Manchurian origins indicate close linguistic contacts of Yakuts with Mongolian tribes and Tunguso-Manchurian peoples, particularly Evens.

Keywords: phytonyms, names of berry plants, berries, methods of formation, motivational signs of nomination, Yakut language

THE YOUTH OF INDIGENOUS MINORITIES IN THE NORTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA): ETHNOLINGUISTIC IDENTITY AND LINGUISTIC BEHAVIOR // Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2022. Issue 4 (38). P. 27-40

This article interprets the issues of their ethnolinguistic identity and linguistic behavior based on the results of a mass survey conducted among the rural and urban youth of the indigenous peoples of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). From the theoretical point of view, different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “mother tongue” and their projections in the programs of Russian censuses are analyzed. In comparison with the results of previous studies, the value orientations of young people from the North were examined, which revealed a significant shift in ethno-cultural attitudes: it was found that the ethnic marker "mother tongue" fell from first to fourth place in the hierarchy of ethno-communicative markers. The ethnolinguistic identity of young people was analyzed in the context of the process of linguistic change reflected in the results of the censuses throughout the Union and in Russia. In addition, the status and place of the state languages of the Republic of Sakha (Russian and Yakut) in the lives of people in the North were revealed through the prism of ethnolinguistic self-identification of respondents and the functional distribution of languages in the spheres of communication. The positive trends in language maintenance were identified by analyzing the responses to the question about the mastery of the mother tongue in the immediate environment as a function of age and place of residence. Rural youth are characterized by a high level of commitment to the ethnic language, which they consistently recognize as their native language. The successful transmission of the language from generation to generation shows a good level of language preservation. In the urban environment, there is a linguistic shift in favor of the more “prestigious” Russian language among respondents aged 15–19, but the older youth use their native language in almost all cases of communication. Nevertheless, the authors note a gradually growing ethnic self-awareness among young people from the North, which at the individual or group level may give a "second breath" to the indigenous national languages of the indigenous peoples of the North in Yakutia.

Keywords: native language, ethnolinguistic identity, linguistic behavior, indigenous peoples of the North, the youth from the North