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| 1 | The article considers derivational possibilities of anthroponymy of Russian and Tatar languages. Names person (personal names, middle names, surnames, nicknames) are part of the lexical system of the language, and therefore appear, are formed and developed in accordance with the common language laws. In the future, these names become a derivation base for the emergence of new anthroponyms and from the antroponimnykh of toponyms… Analysis comparison of similar and unique names of the person and their derivatives, ways and means word creation in different languages allow you to determine the features mentality, identify enter-ethnic contacts. The results of the interaction and mutual influence of different Nations and peoples. Material for observation based on data from sensible and etymological dictionaries of different languages, dictionaries Russian and Tatar names, names. As illustrative material presented archival documents stored in the GUTO «State archive in Tobolsk»; field material that was collected during the dialectological expeditions in rural settlements of the Tyumen regions (2014–2018). Despite the fact that the secondary names are considered in multi-system languages, observations on the material allow you to make conclusions on the existence of universal concepts and General cultural values: due to cultural and historical ties, later formation Tatar surnames passed on those word- formation models, which have developed in the Russian language, and with the help of the same formants; Russian language, from one motivating basis (own name ) can to form the derivatives two and further the names in both languages the derivation base is not only the names, and their qualitative; widely common phonetic variants of the names. Often difficult, and sometimes it is almost impossible to determine the origin of the names of different peoples because of their phonetic harmony. Derived units themselves become the basis for the emergence of tumors – the phenomenon affected not only the surname of different peoples, but also atastrophic names. For the analysis of onomasticon presented in the article, we used descriptive method: observation, generalization and classification of the material. In semantic reconstruction the etymological method was used analysis taking into account phonetic and word-formative aspects. Identity lexical derivation processes formations the onomasticon dissimilar languages is due to community territory. On which they live in close cooperation Russians and Tatars. Keywords: anthroponym, toponym, motivating the base, derivation base, derivational connections, word-formation, Tobolsk guberniya | 1190 | ||||
| 2 | In a situation of global cultural leveling and widespread ethnic conflicts, problems which are related to the formation and preservation of national identity of both representatives of the people and the individual arise. This problem is especially relevant in the linguoculturological field of humanitarian research. Meanwhile, the name of the people, nationality is one of the options for the ethnicity of a person. Ethnonyms contain a “genetic code” that allows us to designate defining national features, to distinguish “us” from “them”. The ethnonym itself is highly informative, as it makes it possible to study the ways of belonging to a particular ethnic community, its interaction with the culture and language of the progenitor people, cultural contacts with other peoples, indicates occupation, the confessional affiliation of the representatives of community. The purpose of the article is to analyze the formation, functioning and word-formation potential of the ethnonyms Bukharians, Sarts, which call the ethno-social group of immigrants from Central Asia who moved to Siberia at the end of the 14th–18th centuries and took an active part in the development of this large and rich in opportunities territory. Having gone through a difficult path of historical development, the Siberian Bukharians eventually assimilated with the local peoples, making a significant contribution to the formation of the culture of the Turkic population of Siberia and becoming a significant ethnic component in the structure of the ethnic group of the Siberian Tatars. The material for the study was the monuments of business writing of the 19th — early 20th centuries, including birth records, census documents, official correspondence, petitions, documents on taxes and fees, records on legal procedures, decrees, protocols, reports, etc. which reflected the facts of the economic, political and cultural development of the community of Siberian Bukharians. The sources are both official documents that were used in the office work of the capital's ministries and departments, regional orders and departments, as well as handwritten notes made at mosques in the Old Tatar language in Arabic script. As illustrative material, the records of the authors' field expeditions to rural settlements (2014–2021) are presented. The analysis of the content side of the documents, on the one hand, allows us to trace the ways of forming the self-identity of a separate ethnic community, on the other hand, to see the regional specifics and determine the linguistic potential of self-name terms. Ethnonyms become the basis for the emergence of new derivatives: nicknames, names, patronymics, surnames, toponyms. For the analysis of the onomasticon presented in the article, a descriptive method with its main techniques, that include observation, generalization and classification of the material, was used. For semantic reconstruction, the method of etymological analysis was used, taking into account phonetic and word-formation aspects. The analysis of the formation and development of ethnonyms in the region seems relevant, since new anthroponymic data are introduced into scientific circulation. The study of ethnonyms that name the ethno-social group of Siberian Bukharians makes it possible to give a more complete historical and cultural description of one of the important ethnic communities in the region and expand scientific understanding of the culture and history of Western Siberia as a whole. Keywords: ethnic identity, ethnonym, self-name, Siberian Tatars, Bukharians, Sarts, Western Siberia, Tobolsk province | 820 | ||||
| 3 | This article analyzes the socio-cultural peculiarities of the Siberian Bukharans in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The analysis is based on the material of handwritten mosque books of Komarovsky yurts in Bukhara Volost, Tobolsk province. The authors transliterated and translated the Muslim metrical (mosque) books “On a Note to the Born, on Marriages, Divorce, and Deaths” into Russian. The transliteration and translation of the old Tatar texts bring new source material into scholarly circulation. It is shown that the metrical books contain unique information. This information and some other sources allow one to consider in detail and comprehensively the socio-historical and linguistic nature of the Muslim population of Western Siberia. It turns out that the structure of these documents is uniform and corresponds to the generally accepted standards of the historical period under study. The authors of the Muslim metrical records were imams serving in local mosques. This is evident from the records in the books of marriages and divorces. The Muslim metrical books of the Komarovskaya Mosque preserved information for 27 years, from 1835 to 1852 and 1854 to 1862, during which Suyujbaki b. Gabdelgaziz was the imam of the Komarovsky Yurts. The authors present some facts about the biography of the decreed Imam and compile his genealogy. It turned out that the two books on births and marriages allow us to determine the ethnic and class structure of the studied population in the 19th century. These categories are given in the mosque books of the Komarovsky Yurts and include soldiers, Yazak Tatars, Bukharians. It is typical of the designation of the population of Bukhara that in these handwritten documents, the lexemes bukhartin (бухартин) and sart (старт) are used as equivalents. The authors note that some elements of the regional dialect are recognizable in the transfer of phonetic features of pronunciation of personal names in the graphic design of the word (devoicing) and vocabulary (dialectisms). Keywords: Tobolsk province, Bukhara volost, Komarovskie yurts, Bukharians, mosque books, birth register, decreed Imam Suyujbaki b. Gabdelgaziz, linguistics and cultural studies | 769 | ||||
| 4 | Most phraseological units that name a person do not contain in their semantic structure any reference to the actual biological sex of the person they denote. By their grammatical nature, Russian phraseological units have a masculine or feminine form expressed by the inflection of the main grammatical component. However, this form is usually not gender-specific and is used to refer to both a man and a woman (kisejnaya baryshnya, belaya vorona. Free translation: blue-haired girl, white crow). In Tatar and Khanty languages, there is no category of gender. Phraseological units denoting persons of both genders can be found mostly in Russian. In a small part of phraseological units it is possible to change the gender of the main grammatical component to denote persons of the opposite gender (zmeya podkolodnaya – zmej podkolodnyj. Free translation: snake in the grass(she/he)), the component is rarely replaced to identify the referent of the speech situation (bazarnaya baba – bazarnyj muzhik. Free translation: Gossipmonger (she/he)). The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of phraseological units characterizing only one woman in languages of different systems. Although phraseological units are a deeply national phenomenon, their analysis suggests that the signs of femininity and the features of the female behavioral model named by these units coincide in Russian, Tatar, and Kantian linguistic images of the world. The problems of gender identity, gender differentiation, and cultural conditioning align with the most popular humanitarian research today, which determines the relevance of this work. The article analyzes phraseological units reflecting ideas about the feminine principle or femininity, and their classification is made according to the classification of semantics and connotations. Feminine phraseological units in different linguistic cultures mainly characterize a woman’s physiological-anatomical, intellectual-psychological and socio-axiological features and the “world of women.” From the differences in the figurative basis of phraseological units characterizing a woman in the languages of neighboring peoples, one can infer a culturally universal approach to evaluating certain traits recognized as purely feminine. Keywords: phraseological unit, phraseological image of the world, femininity, gender stereotypes, semantic properties, figurative basis of phraseology | 625 | ||||
| 5 | Research results on infant and child mortality in the second half of the 19th century and its causes among immigrants from Central Asia are presented. Although they were representatives of different nationalities (Tajiks, Uzbeks, Uyghurs, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs), in Siberia, they were combined into one ethnosocial group and referred to as Bukharians and Sarts. The Bukharians lived mainly together with the Yezaks and the military service Tatars; there are even two Bukharian settlements in the Tobolsk district – the Komarovskie (Komarau) and Mirimovskie (Kollar) yurts. The research materials are Komarov mosque books from the 19th and early 20th centuries of the Tobolsk province, written in the old Tatar language with Arabic script. So far, there are no studies dealing with the problem of mortality among the 19th-century Siberian Tatars, which is the novelty of this work. Our data show that the total mortality rate in the period under study (1835–1852, 1854–1862) amounted to 94% of the birth rate, of which children accounted for 55%. The quantitative component of deaths by age is shown: Newborns (from birth to one month) – 8 %, from one month to one year – 26 %, from one year to 5 years – 49 %, from 6 years to 16 years – 17 %. The most common causes of death were respiratory diseases (suffocation, asthma, consumption, cough), and the second most common causes of death were infectious diseases (smallpox, measles, rubella, jaundice, fever, leprosy). In 29 cases, the cause of death was given as “childhood illness”; the age of the deceased ranged from 2 days to 15 years, but most (90 %) were infants under one-year-old. The worst year in terms of the number of deaths was 1842 (12 children were born, 22 died, the most “dangerous” was the age of children from 1 to 5 years – 12 deaths (55%). The high child mortality rate (especially in infancy) was characteristic of Russia in general. The analysis of the causes of infant and child mortality in Western Siberia in the 19th and early 20th centuries allows us to determine the chronological framework of the outbreak periods of diseases and epidemics, to identify diseases typical for the region, to correlate the interpretations of the names of diseases (characterization of the cause of death by the imam, variable records, dialect names, and pronunciation). Keywords: Tobolsk province, Komarovskaya mosque, Muslim metric books, mosque books, demographic processes, causes of death | 457 | ||||
| 6 | The relevance of this study arises from the need to examine dialectal phytonymic vocabulary from a functional-semantic point of view. The scientific novelty demonstrates the functional potential of the investigated category of the dialectal vocabulary of the Tatar language. The phytonymic vocabulary was analyzed with regard to its composition and origin, the relationship between dialectal and literary vocabulary with a close interweaving of synchronic and diachronic methods, and the functioning of the individual lexical units in the dialects and the spoken language of the Siberian Tatars. To comprehensively analyze the functioning of phytonymic vocabulary in the article, the following linguistic methods were used: The main method was the descriptive-analytical method, which includes a number of linguistic observations, systematization, generalization, interpretation, and typologization techniques. In addition, comparative-historical and comparative methods are applied. Elements of etymological analysis are also used to determine the origin of the word and rule out the possibility of misinterpretation. The systematization of the lexical units in the work is based on the biological classification of the plant world. The classification of plants according to life forms into trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants is traced. Phytonyms denoting edible plants, garden and fruit crops, cereals, vegetables, cucurbits, and fungi are emphasized separately. The origin of phytonyms is identified in the article. When analyzing the lexical units, different types of dictionaries were used, which make it possible to determine the origin and the correct interpretation of the lexemes: “Etymological Dictionary of Tatar Language” (2015), “Dictionary of Siberian-Tatar Dialects” (1992), “ArabicRussian Dictionary” (1989), “Arabic-Tatar-Russian Dictionary of Borrowings” (1993), “Tatar-Russian-Latin Dictionary of Plant Names” (2002), “Tatar-Russian Explanatory Dictionary of Phytonyms” (2020). The study’s theoretical basis is the work of linguists who deal with the linguistic peculiarities of the Siberian Tatars and the phytonymic vocabulary of the Tatar language. The analysis considers synonymy and variability within a separate lexical-thematic group from the perspective of modern division into literary and dialectal units; the features of the functioning of phytonymic vocabulary in the modern Tatar language and its dialects, especially in the dialects of the Siberian Tatars, and the use of plants in the material and spiritual culture of the Siberian Tatars are identified. As a result of the study, it is found that the composition of the dialectal phytonymic lexicon differs in its uniqueness and has its own peculiarity, which undergoes transformation and semantic changes in the course of evolution. It has been established that the phytonymic lexicon of Siberian Tatars is genetically heterogeneous: two main layers can be distinguished – the Indigenous Turkic-Tatar lexicon and borrowings (mostly of Arabic-Persian origin). It was found that the names of deciduous trees predominate in the phytonymic lexicon and that the phytonymic names denoting the taxon ‘fungi’ are the least represented among the quantitative names. Keywords: Siberian Tatars, vocabulary, phytonym, lexicography, dialect, dialect, synonymy, variability | 120 | ||||